Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T06:31:42.796Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Goose Bumps and “The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life” in Sociolegal Studies: After Twenty-Five Years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This article focuses on the emergence of sociolegal studies over the past twenty-five years through an analysis of the development of the Law and Society Association. The paper takes the view that this scholarly field is best understood from a broad-based, multidisciplinary perspective that includes, but does not privilege, legal scholarship. Also, the article argues that sociolegal studies has been pluralistic, self-reflective, and dynamic since its inception and that current critiques must be examined in light of this past. Three areas of contemporary concern—the centrality of law; the impact of policy, politics, and reform motives; and the nature of science—are assessed in terms of sociolegal studies specifically and social science inquiry more generally. Opportunities for growth and change are considered.

Type
Presidential Address
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 Law and Society Association.

Footnotes

This article was originally delivered as the Presidential Address at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association in Madison, Wisconsin, on June 9,1989. Except for footnotes, references, and a limited number of expansions, this article is essentially that speech and preserves in language and tone the conversation that I sought to engender with my colleagues on the occasion of LSA's twenty-fifth anniversary.

Many good friends and colleagues engaged in the debate and reflection that contributed to the formulation of this speech. Most importantly, I wish to thank Ronald M. Pipkin who met and valued the law and society "Trudy" in early spring of 1989. I am grateful also for the wisdom and good sense generously provided by Richard Lempert, Bliss Cartwright, Shari Seidman Diamond, Frank Munger, Barbara Yngvesson, Carrie Menkel-Meadow, Stewart Macaulay, Bonney Sheahan, Katherine Rosich, and Beryl Radin.

These acknowledgments would be quite incomplete without my indicating a special note of gratitude to Trudy (Lily Tomlin) and her creator (Jane Wagner). With brilliant humor and penetrating insight, Wagner's play reinforced my own proclivities for searching with optimism. The brief excerpts from Jane Wagner's The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe (1987) are included here with permission of Jane Wagner and Harper & Row, Publishers.

References

ABEL, Richard L. (1980a) “Taking Stock,” 14 Law & Society Review 429.Google Scholar
ABEL, Richard L.-(1980b) “Redirecting Social Studies of Law,” 14 Law & Society Review 805.Google Scholar
AMERICAN BAR FOUNDATION (1988) Handbook. Chicago: American Bar Foundation.Google Scholar
ALFORD, Robert R., and Sheldon L., MESSINGER (1966) “The Prospects of a Law and Society Association,” 0(3) Law & Society Association Newsletter, 6.Google Scholar
AUERBACH, Carl A. (1966) “Legal Tasks for the Sociologist,” 1 Law & Society Review 91.Google Scholar
BOHANNAN, Paul (1957) Justice and Judgment Among the Tiv of Nigeria. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
COLLINS, Randall (1989) “Sociology: Proscience or Antiscience?” 54 American Sociological Review 124.Google Scholar
DIAMOND, Shari S. (1989a) “From the New Editor,” 23 Law & Society Review 3.Google Scholar
DIAMOND, Shari S.-(1989b) “From the Editor,” 23 Law & Society Review 169.Google Scholar
DRACHMAN, Virginia (1988) “Career Patterns of Women Lawyers in Modern America.” Grant Proposal, National Science Foundation, SES 88-10678.Google Scholar
EDELMAN, Lauren (1988) “Organizational Response to Legal Change.” Grant Proposal, National Science Foundation, SES 88-14070.Google Scholar
FEELEY, Malcolm M. (1979) The Process Is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
FEELEY, Malcolm M.-(1976) “The Concept of Laws in Social Science: A Critique and Notes on an Expanded View,” 10 Law & Society Review 497.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1989) “Litigation and Society,” 15 Annual Review of Sociology 17.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M.-(1986) “The Law and Society Movement,” 38 Stanford Law Review 763.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M. (1975) The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN, Lawrence M., and Stewart, MACAULAY (1969) Law and the Behavioral Sciences. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co.Google Scholar
FRIEDMAN Lawrence, M., and Robert V., PERCIVAL (1976) “A Tale of Two Courts: Litigation in Alameda and San Benito Counties,” 10 Law & Society Review 267.Google Scholar
FULLER, Lon (1969) “Human Interaction and the Law,” 14 American Journal of Jurisprudence 1.Google Scholar
GALANTER, Marc (1985) “The Legal Malaise; or, Justice Observed,” 19 Law & Society Review 537.Google Scholar
GALANTER, Marc-(1976) “From the Editor,” 10 Law & Society Review 483.Google Scholar
GALANTER, Marc (1974a) “The Future of Law and Social Science Research,” 52 North Carolina Law Review 969, 1060 (Proceedings of a Conference on Developments in Law and Social Sciences Research).Google Scholar
GALANTER, Marc-(1974b) “Why the ‘Haves’ Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change,” 9 Law & Society Review 95.Google Scholar
GLUCKMAN, Max (1955) The Judicial Process Among the Barotse of Northern Rhodesia. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
GULLIVER, Philip H. (1963) Social Control in an African Society. Boston: Boston University Press.Google Scholar
HARDING, Sandra (ed.) (1987) Feminism and Methodology: Social Science Issues. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
HARDING, Sandra-(1986) The Science Question in Feminism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
HAWKINS, Keith (1984) Environment and Enforcement: Regulation and the Social Definition of Pollution. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HEINZ, John P., and Edward O., LAUMANN (1982) Chicago Lawyers: The Social Structure of the Bar. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
HENSLER, Deborah R. (1988) “Researching Civil Justice: Problems and Pitfalls,” 51(3) Law & Contemporary Problems 55.Google Scholar
HURST, James Willard (1964) Law and Economic Growth: The Legal History of the Lumber Industry in Wisconsin, 1836–1915. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press.Google Scholar
HURST, James Willard-(1950) The Growth of American Law: The Law Makers. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
JONES, Harry W. (1965) “A View from the Bridge,” Social Problems 39 (Special Issue on Law and Society, Summer).Google Scholar
JONES, Harry W. (1963) “Law and the Behavioral Sciences: The Case for Partnership,” 47 (5) Journal of the American Judicature Society 109.Google Scholar
KALMAN, Laura (1986) Legal Realism at Yale 1927–1960. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
KALVEN, Harry Jr., and Hans, ZEISEL (1966) The American Jury. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
KIDDER, Robert L. (1983) Connecting Law and Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.Google Scholar
KONEFSKY, Alfred S., and John Henry, SCHLEGEL (1982) “Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Histories of American Law Schools,” 95 Harvard Law Review 833.Google Scholar
LADINSKY, Jack (chair.), Mark, MASSEL, and Victor, ROSENBLUM (1973) “Report of the Committee on Organization and Purpose of the Law and Society Association.” Law and Society Association files.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1973) Minutes of the Board of Trustees Meeting, December 27.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1972) Minutes of the Board of Trustees Meeting, August 29.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1979) Newsletter, January 1979.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1971) Newsletter, July 1971.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1966) Newsletter, July 1966, Vol. 0, No. 3.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1965) Newsletter, June 1965, Vol. 0, No. 2.Google Scholar
LAW AND SOCIETY ASSOCIATION (1964) Newsletter, November 1964, Vol. 0, No. 1.Google Scholar
LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW (1990) “Longitudinal Research on Trial Courts,” 24(2) Law & Society Review (Special Issue).Google Scholar
LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW (1990) 24(1) Law & Society Review (Inside Cover).Google Scholar
LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW (1983) 17 (2) Law & Society Review (Inside Cover).Google Scholar
LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW (1978) 12 (2) Law & Society Review (Inside Cover).Google Scholar
LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW (1974) 9 (1) Law & Society Review (Inside Cover).Google Scholar
LAW & SOCIETY REVIEW (1967) 2 (1) Law & Society Review (Inside Cover).Google Scholar
LEMPERT, Richard (1989) “Humility Is a Virtue: On the Publicization of Policy-relevant Research,” 23 Law & Society Review 145.Google Scholar
LEMPERT, Richard (1988a) “‘Between Cup and Lip’: Social Science Influences on Law and Policy,” 10 Law & Policy 167.Google Scholar
LEMPERT, Richard (1988b) “Law and Social Science.” Presented at the University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
LEMPERT, Richard (1982) “From the New Editor,” 17 Law & Society Review 3.Google Scholar
LEMPERT, Richard, and Joseph, SANDERS (1986) An Introduction to Law and Social Science: Desert, Disputes, and Distribution. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
LEVINE, Felice J. (1987) “Joining the Tour,” in Law & Society Newsletter, October, 1987, 1.Google Scholar
LEVINE Felice, J., and Ronald M., PIPKIN (1988) “Graduate Programs in Sociolegal Studies: A Requisite for the Future.” 4 (1) Focus on Law Studies 4.Google Scholar
LIND, E. Allan, and Tom R., TYLER (1988) The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LIPSON, Leon, and Stanton, WHEELER (eds.) (1986) Law and the Social Sciences. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
LLEWELLYN, Karl N., and E. Adamson, HOEBEL (1941) The Cheyenne Way: Conflict and Case Law in Primitive Jurisprudence. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
MACAULAY, Stewart (1984) “Law and the Behavioral Sciences: Is There Any There There?” 6 Law & Policy 149.Google Scholar
MACAULAY, Stewart-(1966) Law and the Balance of Power: The Automobile Manufacturers and Their Dealers. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
MAYHEW, Leon H. (1968) Law and Equal Opportunity: A Study of the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMANN, Michael W. (1988) “The Impact of Reform Litigation on Social Change.” Grant Proposal, National Science Foundation, SES 88-21598.Google Scholar
MOORE, Sally Falk (1973) “Law and Social Change: The Semi-autonomous Social Field as an Appropriate Subject of Study,” 7 Law & Society Review 719.Google Scholar
MUNGER, Frank (1990a) “Introduction: Longitudinal Research on Trial Courts,” 24(2) Law & Society Review, in press.Google Scholar
MUNGER, Frank-(1990b) “Afterword: Studying Litigation and Social Change,” 24(2) Law & Society Review, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MUNGER, Frank-(1988) “Law, Change, and Litigation: A Critical Examination of an Empirical Research Tradition,” 22 Law & Society Review 57.Google Scholar
NADER, Laura (ed.) (1969) Law in Culture and Society. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
NADER, Laura, and Harry F., TODD Jr. (eds.) (1978) The Disputing Process: Law in Ten Societies. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'BARR, William M. (1982) Linguistic Evidence: Language, Power, and Strategy in the Courtroom. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
PEPLAU, Letitia A., and Eva, CONRAD (1989) “Beyond Nonsexist Research: The Perils of Feminist Methods in Psychology,” 13 Psychology of Women Quarterly 379.Google Scholar
REISS, Albert J. Jr. (1971) The Police and the Public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
ROSS, H. Laurence (1970) Settled Out of Court: The Social Process of Insurance Claims Adjustments. New York: Aldine.Google Scholar
ROSS, H. Laurence-(1968) “Programs in Law and Social Science,” 2 Law & Society Review 509.Google Scholar
ROSS, H. Laurence, and Lee E., TEITELBAUM (1988) “Sociology of Law,” in Borgatta, E. F. & Cook, K. S. (ed.), The Future of Sociology. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
SARAT, Austin (1985) “Legal Effectiveness and Social Studies of Law: On the Unfortunate Persistence of a Research Tradition,” 9 Legal Studies Forum 23.Google Scholar
SARAT, Austin, and Susan, SILBEY (1988) “The Pull of the Policy Audience,” 10 Law & Policy 97.Google Scholar
SCHLEGEL, John Henry (1984) “Notes Toward an Intimate, Opinionated, and Affectionate History of the Conference on Critical Legal Studies,” 36 Stanford Law Review 391.Google Scholar
SCHLEGEL, John Henry (1980) “American Legal Realism and Empirical Social Science: The Singular Case of Underhill Moore,” 29 Buffalo Law Review 195.Google Scholar
SCHLEGEL, John Henry (1979) “American Legal Realism and Empirical Social Science: From the Yale Experience,” 28 Buffalo Law Review 459.Google Scholar
SCHUCK, Peter (1989) “Why Don't Law Professors Do More Empirical Research?” 39 Journal of Legal Education 323.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Murray L., Marvin E., FRANKEL, Neil J., SMELSER, and James Q., WILSON (1976) “Final Report of the Committee to Review the Program in the Law and Social Science of the Russell Sage Foundation.” New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D. (1973) “President's Message: To Ad Hoebel—With Thanks,” 7 Law & Society Review 531.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D.-(1966) “From the Editor …,” 1 Law & Society Review 6.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D.-(1965) “Introduction,” 12 Social Problems 1 (Special Issue in Summer, 1965).Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard D. (1954) “Social Factors in the Development of Legal Control: A Case Study of Two Israeli Settlements,” 63 Yale Law Journal 471.Google Scholar
SCHWARTZ, Richard (Chair.), Lawrence, FRIEDMAN, Robert, KAGAN, Samuel, KRISLOV, Felice, LEVINE, and Robert, YEGGE (1982) “Report of the Committee on Organization, Administration and Structure of the Law and Society Association.” Law and Society Association files.Google Scholar
SELZNICK, Philip (1969) Law, Society, and Industrial Justice. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
SHAPIRO, Susan P. (1984) Wayward Capitalists: Target of the Securities and Exchange Commission. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
SHERMAN, Lawrence W., and Ellen G., COHN (1989) “The Impact of Research on Legal Policy: The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment,” 23 Law & Society Review 117.Google Scholar
SILBEY, Susan S., and Austin, SARAT (1987) “Critical Traditions in Law and Society Research,” 21 Law & Society Review 165.Google Scholar
SKOLNICK, Jerome H. (1966) “Social Research on Legality: A Reply to Auerbach,” 1 Law & Society Review 105.Google Scholar
SKOLNICK, Jerome H.-(1965) “The Sociology of Law in America: Overview and Trends,” 12 Social Problems 4 (Special Issue on Law and Society, Summer).Google Scholar
STACEY, Judith (1988) “Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography?” 11 Women's Studies International Forum 21.Google Scholar
TAPP, June L. (1971) “Reflections,” 27(2) Journal of Social Issues 1.Google Scholar
TAPP, June L., and Lawrence, KOHLBERG (1971) “Developing Senses of Law and Legal Justice,” 27(2) Journal of Social Issues 65.Google Scholar
THIBAUT, John, and Laurens, WALKER (1975) Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
TOMASIC, Roman (1987) “Continuity and Change in the Sociology of Law,” 11 Adelaide Law Review 70.Google Scholar
TRUBEK, David M. (1989) “Law and Society: Does It Deserve a Future?” Mason Ladd Memorial Lecture, Florida State University, February 23, 1989, Tallahassee.Google Scholar
TRUBEK, David M.-(1986) “Max Weber's Tragic Modernism and the Study of Law in Society,” 20 Law & Society Review 573.Google Scholar
TRUBEK, David M.-(1984) “Where the Action Is: Critical Legal Studies and Empiricism,” 36 Stanford Law Review 575.Google Scholar
TRUBEK, David M., and John, ESSER (1989) “‘Critical Empiricism’ in American Legal Studies: Paradox, Program, or Pandora's Box?” 14 Law and Social Inquiry 3.Google Scholar
TRUBEK David, M., and Marc, GALANTER (1974) “Scholars in Self-Estrangement: Some Reflections on the Crisis in Law and Development Studies in the United States,” 1974 Wisconsin Law Review 1062.Google Scholar
TWINING, William (1973) “Law and Anthropology: A Case Study in Interdisciplinary Collaboration,” 7 Law & Society Review 561.Google Scholar
WAGNER, Jane (1987) The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe. New York: Harper & Row (First Perennial Library edition).Google Scholar
WHEELER, Stanton (N.D.) “A History of the Russell Sage Foundation.” Draft manuscript, Yale University.Google Scholar
WHITE, G. Edward (1986) “From Realism to Critical Legal Studies: A Truncated Intellectual History,” 40 Southwestern Law Journal 819.Google Scholar
WHITFORD, William C. (1986) “Lowered Horizons: Implementation Research in a Post-CLS World,” 1986 Wisconsin Law Review 755.Google Scholar
YEGGE, Robert B. (1967) “President's Report: Where Do We Go From Here?” 2 Law & Society Review 5.Google Scholar
YEGGE, Robert B.-(1966) “The Law and Society Association to Date,” 1 Law & Society Review 3.Google Scholar
YEGGE, Robert B.-(1963) “Justice Explored—University of Denver Begins a New Program in Judicial Administration,” 47(5) Journal of the American Judicature Society 106.Google Scholar