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Students, Sodomy, and the State: LGBT Campus Struggles in the 1970s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2022

Marc Stein Open the ORCID record for Marc Stein [Opens in a new window]
Marc Stein*
Affiliation:
Jamie and Phyllis Pasker Professor of US History at San Francisco State University, California, United States. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

In the 1970s, LGBT students at fourteen US colleges and universities took their institutions to court after newly established gay student groups were denied official recognition. While the students suffered defeats along the way, by the end of the decade they had won the war for recognition. This article provides a broad overview of these cases, discusses their significance, and argues that we cannot understand the struggle for gay student group recognition without considering its relationship to the state regulation of sex. Advocates for gay student groups won most of their battles by responding to the claim that recognition would be tantamount to aiding and abetting criminal sexual activities. They did so by pursuing strategies of desexualization, which denied that gay student groups encouraged same-sex sex. The article explores these strategies by focusing on three 1976 Virginia cases, one about gay student group recognition, one about the criminalization of same-sex sex, and one about the application of the state’s sodomy law to an interracial threesome. The divergent outcomes help us understand the strategic effectiveness and political limitations of LGBT desexualization strategies.

Type
Articles
Information
Law & Social Inquiry , Volume 48 , Issue 2 , May 2023 , pp. 531 - 560
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Bar Foundation

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Footnotes

This article began as an invited lecture at Virginia Commonwealth University to mark the fortieth anniversary of Gay Alliance of Students v. Matthews (1976). I gratefully acknowledge Richard Godbeer’s invitation, his generous sharing of primary sources and the report he prepared with Jacob Ulmschneider and Michael Means, and his constructive comments. For additional opportunities to present earlier versions of this article, I thank Abby Schrader at Franklin and Marshall College, Elspeth Brown at the University of Toronto, Katy Morris and Kanisorn Wongsrichanalai at the Massachusetts Historical Society, and my colleagues at San Francisco State University. For their assistance on Lovisi v. Slayton (1976), I am grateful for the help of lawyer Richard Crouch and librarian Dorothy Williams. For their assistance with archival materials, I thank Pamela Anderson and Jennifer Audsley-Moore (National Archives at Kansas City), Matthew DiBiase (National Archives at Philadelphia), Erin Harbor and Stephanie Malmros (University of Texas at Austin), Tracy Skrabut (National Archives at Boston), and Desiree Wallen (National Archives at Atlanta). For their comments and suggestions, I also thank Warren Blumenfeld, Darius Bost, Nan Alamilla Boyd, Deb Cohler, Jessica Fields, William Kuby, Cathy Kudlick, Aaron Ledlicker, Anna Lvovsky, Jorge Olivares, David Reichard, Evren Savci, Simon Stern, Nicholas Syrett, Felicia Viator, and Eva Sheppard Wolf. Alex Robery and Cole Souder provided valuable research assistance.

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