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The Psychology of Migrant “Illegality”: A General Theory
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 June 2021
Abstract
Critical migration studies emerged to trace how restrictive immigration contexts contribute to conditions of migrant “illegality” and deportability. More recently, researchers have turned to examine diversity in migrants’ experiences, revealing how migrant “illegality” and deportability can take varied forms based on different social factors, including migrants’ immigration status, developmental stage, ethno-racial background, gender, and nationality. Yet, despite increasingly nuanced and contextualized accounts of migrants’ lived experiences, the psychology of migrant “illegality” remains under-theorized, as we lack general concepts and frameworks to explain how deportability shapes, and is shaped by, migrants’ psychosocial lives. This article introduces such a framework by drawing upon findings from two ethnographic studies with undocumented migrants in Canada and the United States. Observing common psychosocial patterns in both groups, I propose cycles of deportability as a framework to capture how migrant “illegality” develops at the psychosocial level through repeated occurrences of status-related stressors, which produce both acute and chronic fears that further require distinct agencies and coping strategies. Next, I examine differences in migrants’ cycles of deportability based on their national context and immigrant generation. I conclude by discussing how this framework can help consolidate previous research findings and guide future psychological and critical migration studies.
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- © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of American Bar Foundation
Footnotes
I am grateful to the organizers of the National Convening of the Migrant Illegality across Uneven Legal Geographies Conference in Providence, Rhode Island, in October 2018, for encouraging this work and providing me with helpful feedback. Thank you also to Carly Offidani-Bertrand, Fred Tsao, and Matt Kawahara for their thoughtful comments on earlier drafts. I am deeply grateful to my research participants in Canada and the United States for sharing their lives with me, as well as my two mentors, Dr. Henderikus Stam and Dr. Richard Shweder, who have helped guide my thinking throughout my studies. Funding for this project was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (756-2015-0561) as well as the Research and Creative Activities Grants Program at California State University Sacramento.
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