Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T03:13:03.475Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Protection of Reputation in Japan: A Systematic Analysis of Defamation Cases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

Although Japanese defamation law has been a subject of legal interest for scholars and judges, their main focus was the defamation rules that appeared in cases publicized by legal reporters. The following study coded 232 defamation cases against the media that were decided in district courts in Japan, according to the type of database that reported the cases. Statistical results reveal that newspapers are more likely to report defamation cases than other databases because stories about defamation cases may satisfy readers' interest or because the newspaper might have been informed by plaintiffs who won their cases. The results also show that the professional status of the plaintiff is a predictor of the case outcome. Politicians and officials are less likely to win in defamation cases than are executives and criminals, and they received lower damages than athletes and entertainers.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2012 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Asami, Masao. 2004. Zasshi Media to Yoron Keisei [Magazine Media and Forming Public Opinion]. In Nihon no Jānarizumu toha Nanika[What Is Japanese Journalism?] ed. Shibayama, Tetsuya, 255–68. Kyoto: Minerva Shobō.Google Scholar
Bezanson, Randall P., Cranberg, Gilbert, and Soloski, John. 1987. Libel Law and the Press: Myth and Reality. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Farley, Maggie. 1996. Japan's Press and the Politics of Scandal. In Media and Politics in Japan, ed. Pharr, S. and Krauss, E., 133–63. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Franklin, Marc A. 1987. Constitutional Libel Law: The Role of Content. UCLA Law Review 34:1657–85.Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence M. 2007. Guarding Life's Dark Secrets: Legal and Social Controls over Reputation, Propriety, and Privacy. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Gamble, Adam, and Watanabe, Takesato. 2004. A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc.Google Scholar
Hall, Mark A., and Wright, Ronald F. 2008. Systematic Content Analysis of Judicial Opinions. California Law Review 96:63122.Google Scholar
Hasegawa, Tomoko. 2004. Masu Media Sangyō no Genjō[Current Mass Media Industry]. In Zemināru Nihon no Masu Media[Japanese Mass Media] , ed. Haruhara, Akihiko and Takeichi, Hideo, 133–70. Tokyo: Nihon Hyōronsha.Google Scholar
Igarashi, Kiyoshi. 2003. Jinkakuken Hō Gaisetsu[Description of Personal Rights] . Tokyo: Yūhikaku.Google Scholar
Ikuyo, Tōru. 1972. Shazai Kokoku. In Gendai Songai Baishōhō Kōza 2[Contemporary Compensation Law 2] , ed. Ariizumi, Tōru, 243–66. Tokyo: Nihon Hyōronsha.Google Scholar
Inoue, Shigeki. 2001. Meiyo Kison ni yoru Isharyo Santei no Teikeika oyobi Teigakuka no Shiron [An Attempt to Categorize and Standardize the Amount of Damages in Defamation Cases]. Hanrei Taimuzu 1070:1424.Google Scholar
Kitō, Sueo. 2001. Meiyo Kison Jiken no Songai Gaku no Shinri to Ninyō Gaku ni tsuite [The Trial and the Amount of Damages in Defamation Cases]. Hanrei Taimuzu 1070:28.Google Scholar
Kyōno, Tetsuya. 2008. Shijin no Meiyo ha Kōjin no Meiyo yori Karuika (5) [Is Reputation of Private Figures Unimportant Compared to Reputation of Public Figures?] Hanrei Taimuzu 1254:4961.Google Scholar
Logan, David A. 2001. Libel Law in the Trenches: Reflections on Current Data on Libel Litigation. Virginia Law Review 87:503–29.Google Scholar
Matsui, Hidenori. 2005. Mass Media no Hyōgen no Jiyu[Freedom of Expression of Mass Media] . Tokyo: Nihon Hyōronsha.Google Scholar
Media Law Resource Center. 2004. MLRC Bulletin. New York: Media Law Resource Center.Google Scholar
Mishima, Munehiko. 1965. Jinkaku Ken no Hogo[Protection of Personal Rights] . Tokyo: Yuhikaku.Google Scholar
Ōishi, Yasuhiko. 2004. Media no Hō to Rinri[Media Law and Ethics] . Kyoto: Sagano Shoin.Google Scholar
Saikō Saibansho. 2006. Shiho Tōkei Nempō[Judicial Statistics Annual Report]. http://www.courts.go.jp/search/jtsp0010Detail (accessed December 10, 2011.Google Scholar
Segawa, Nobuhisa. 2003. Meiji Zenki no Meiyo Kaifuku Soshō: Fuhō Kōi Hō Kihan no Bunka Keisei no Ichikatei [Lawsuit to Restore Reputation in Early Meiji Era: The Process of Specialization and Formation of Tort Law]. In Meiji Zenki no Hō to Saiban[Law and Litigation in Early Meiji Era] , ed. Hayashiya, R., Ishii, S., and Aoyama, Y., 155–94. Tokyo: Shinzansha.Google Scholar
Shihō Kenshūjo. 2001. Songai Baishō Seikyu ni okeru Songaigaku no Santei. [Calculation of Damage]. Hanrei Taimuzu 1070:413.Google Scholar
Shiozaki, Tsutomu. 2001. Meiyo Kison ni yoru Songai Gaku no Santei ni tsuite [Calculation of Damage by Defamation]. Hanrei Taimuzu 1055:413.Google Scholar
Shūgiin Hōmu Iinkai. Kaigiroku 9, May 16, 2001.Google Scholar
Takeda, Minoru. 1991. Pribashī Shingai to Minji Sekinin[Invasion of Privacy and Civil Liability] . Tokyo: Hanrei Jihosha.Google Scholar
Tokyo Chihō Saibansho Songai Baishō Soshō Kenkyukai. 2001. Masu Media niyoru Meiyokison Soshō no Kenkyu to Teigen [Research and Proposition of Defamation Lawsuits by Mass Media]. Jurisuto 1209:6398.Google Scholar
Weaver, Russell L., Kenyon, Andrew T., Partlett, David F., and Walker, Clive P. 2006. The Right to Speak Ill: Defamation, Reputation, and Free Speech. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.Google Scholar
West, Mark D. 2006. Secrets, Sex, and Spectacle: The Rules of Scandal in Japan and the United States. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Yamada, Yachiko. 2005. Kōeki wo Hakaru Mokuteki no Hitei [Denial of the Purpose of Public Benefit]. In Media Hanrei Hyakusen[Media Cases 100] , ed. Horibe, Masao and Hasebe, Yasuo, 4243. Tokyo: Yuhikaku.Google Scholar
Yamamoto, Taketoshi. 2004. The Press Clubs of Japan. Journal of Japanese Studies 15 (2): 371–88.Google Scholar
Yomiuri Shimbun. 2004. Hokenkin Giwaku Hōdō Meiyo Kison no Baishō Kōjin Saikō 1430 Mannenn [Reporting the Suspicion of Insurance Crime: The Highest Damage Awards 14,300,000 yen]. Yomiuri Shimbun, October 2, A38.Google Scholar

Cases Cited

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc., 418 U.S. 323 (1974).Google Scholar
Igarashi v. No name given, 40 Minshū 872 (Sup. Ct., Jun. 11, 1986).Google Scholar
Kiyohara v. K.K. Shōgakukan, 1778 Hanrei Jihō 72 (Tokyo H. Ct., Dec. 26, 2001).Google Scholar
Near v. Minnesota, 283 U.S. 697 (1931).Google Scholar
New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964).Google Scholar
No name given, 10 Minshū 785 (Sup. Ct., July 4, 1956)Google Scholar
No name given, 20 Minshū 1118 (Sup. Ct., June 23, 1966).Google Scholar
No name given, 40 Minshū 877 (Sup. Ct., June 11, 1981).Google Scholar
No name given, 51 Minshū 3804 (Sup. Ct., Sept. 9, 1997).Google Scholar
No name given v. K.K. Kōbunsha, 1760 Hanrei Jihō 93 (Tokyo H. Ct., July 5, 2001).Google Scholar
No name given v. K.K. Kōdansha, 2039 Hanrei Jihō 25 (Tokyo D. Ct., Mar. 26, 2009).Google Scholar
No name given v. Kuni, 35 Keishū 84 (Sup Ct., Apr. 16, 1981).Google Scholar
Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps, 475 U.S. 767 (1986).Google Scholar
Reynolds v. Times Newspapers, 2 A.C. 127 (2001).Google Scholar

Statutes Cited

Keihō[Criminal Code], Law No. 45 of 1907, arts. 230, 230‐2.Google Scholar
Minpō[Civil Code], Law No. 89 of 1896, arts. 709, 710, 723.Google Scholar
Minji Soshōhō[Code of Civil Procedure], Law No. 109 of 1996, art. 4, paras. 1, 2, & 4, art. 5, no. 9.Google Scholar
Nihonkoku Kenpō[The Constitution of Japan], art. 21, para. 1.Google Scholar