Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T04:45:15.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

From Problems of Living to Problems of Law: The Legal Translation and Documentation of Immigrant Abuse and Helpfulness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

To apply for U Visa status, a temporary legal standing available to undocumented crime victims who assist law enforcement in investigations, immigrants must obtain validation of their experiences from police via a signed “certification” paper. This article investigates the challenges lawyers and immigrant crime victims face in translating and documenting victims' experiences into legal form. By analyzing interactions between Los Angeles attorneys and female undocumented immigrants, I explore how immigrant victims of violence prepare to approach police certifiers. Attorneys arbitrate between accounts of violence and immigrant‐police encounters and the legal cases they can develop, offering retrospective and prospective advice to immigrants about how to make effective pleas to police. Drawing attention to the devolutionary dynamics of an inclusive immigration policy, I show how nonfederal bureaucrats shape immigrants' eligibility for legalization remedies. In turn, I expose detrimental consequences of mixing street‐level administrative discretion with federal visa eligibility determinations.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Abraham, Margaret 2000. Speaking the Unspeakable: Marital Violence Among South Asian Immigrants in the United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Abrams, Jamie R. 2008. Legal Protections for an Invisible Population: An Eligibility and Impact Analysis of U Visa Protections for Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence. Modern American 4:2636.Google Scholar
Abrams, Jamie R. 2010. The Dual Purposes of the U Visa Thwarted in a Legislative Duel. Saint Louis University School of Law 29:373414.Google Scholar
Armenta, Amada 2012. From Sheriff's Deputies to Immigration Officers: Screening Immigrant Status in a Tennessee Jail. Law & Policy 34 (2): 191210.Google Scholar
Batalova, Jeanne, and Terrazas, Aaron 2010. Frequently Requested Statistics on Immigrants and Immigration to the United States. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Berger, Susan 2009. Production and Reproduction of Gender and Sexuality in Legal Discourses of Asylum in the United States. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 34 (3): 659685.Google Scholar
Bhuyan, Rupaleem. 2012. Negotiating Citizenship on the Frontlines: How the Devolution of Canadian Immigration Policy Shapes Service Delivery to Women Fleeing Abuse. Law & Policy 34 (2): 211236.Google Scholar
Coutin, Susan Bibler 2011. Falling Outside: Excavating the History of Central American Asylum Seekers. Law & Social Inquiry 36 (3): 569596.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, Shamita D. 2000. Charting the Course: An Overview of Domestic Violence in the South Asian Community in the United States. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 9:173185.Google Scholar
Davis, Robert C., Erez, Edna, and Avitabile, Nancy E. 1998. Immigrants and the Criminal Justice System: An Exploratory Study. Violence and Victims 13 (1): 2130.Google Scholar
Decker, Scott H., Lewis, Paul G., M. Provine, Doris, and Varsanyi, Monica W. 2009. On the Frontier of Local Law Enforcement: Local Police and Federal Immigration Law. In Immigration, Crime and Justice, ed. McDonald, William F., 261276. Bingley, UK: Emerald.Google Scholar
Dery, David 1998. “Papereality” and Learning in Bureaucratic Organizations.” Administration and Society 29 (6): 677689.Google Scholar
Dowling, Julie A., and Inda, Jonathan Xavier, eds. 2013. Governing Immigration Through Crime: A Reader. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Eagly, Ingrid V. 2013. Criminal Justice for Noncitizens: An Analysis of Variation in Local Enforcement. New York University Law Review 88 (44): 11261223.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, Eugen. 1913. Fundamental Principles of the Sociology of Law. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.Google Scholar
Felstiner, William L. F., Abel, Richard L., and Sarat, Austin 1980–1981. The Emergence and Transformation of Disputes: Naming, Blaming, Claiming …. Law & Society Review 15 (3/4): 631654.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1960. The Javanese Kijaji: The Changing Role of a Cultural Broker. Comparative Studies in Sociology and History 2:228249.Google Scholar
Gill, Lindsey J. 2012. Secure Communities: Burdening Local Law Enforcement and Undermining the U Visa. William and Mary Law Review 54:20552085.Google Scholar
Golash‐Boza, Tanya, and Hondagneu‐Sotelo, Pierrette 2013. Latino Immigrant Men and the Deportation Crisis: A Gendered Racial Removal Program. Latino Studies 11 (3): 271292.Google Scholar
Heeren, Geoffrey. 2011. Illegal Aid: Legal Assistance to Immigrants in the United States. Cardozo Law Review 33 (2): 619674.Google Scholar
Jensen, Tahja L. 2008. U Visa “Certification”: Overcoming the Local Hurdle in Response to a Federal Statute. Idaho Law Review 45:691712.Google Scholar
Johnson, Hans 2010. Just the Facts: Illegal Immigration. In Just the Facts. San Francisco, CA: Public Policy Institute of California. http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=818 (accessed May 13, 2014).Google Scholar
Kinoshita, Sally, Bowyer, Susan, Farb, Jessica, and Seitz, Catherine 2012. The U Visa: Obtaining Status for Immigrant Victims of Crime, 3rd ed. San Francisco, CA: Immigrant Legal Resource Center.Google Scholar
Kubrin, Charis E., Zatz, Marjorie S., and Martinez, Ramiro, eds. 2012. Punishing Immigrants: Policy, Politics, and Injustice. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Lakhani, Sarah Morando. 2013. Producing Immigrant Victims' “Right” to Legal Status and the Management of Legal Uncertainty. Law & Social Inquiry 38 (2): 442473.Google Scholar
Mama, Amina. 1993. Black Women and Police: A Place Where the Law Is Not Upheld. In Inside Babylon: The Caribbean Diaspora in Britain, ed. James, Winston and Harris, Clive, 135152. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Menjívar, Cecilia, and Bejarano, Cynthia L. 2004. Latino Immigrants' Perceptions of Crime and Police Authorities in the United States: A Case Study from the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. Ethnic and Racial Studies 27 (1): 120148.Google Scholar
Menjívar, Cecilia, and Salcido, Olivia 2002. Immigrant Women and Domestic Violence: Common Experiences in Different Countries. Gender & Society 16 (6): 898920.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally Engle. 1990. Getting Justice and Getting Even: Legal Consciousness Among Working‐Class Americans. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally Engle. 2004. Colonial and Postcolonial Law. In The Blackwell Companion to Law and Society, ed. Sarat, Austin, 569588. London: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Motomura, Hiroshi. 2011. The Discretion That Matters: Federal Immigration Enforcement, State and Local Arrests, and the Civil‐Criminal Line. UCLA Law Review 58:18191858.Google Scholar
Neuman, Gerald L. 2006. Discretionary Deportation. Georgetown Immigration Law Journal 20:611655.Google Scholar
Orellana, Marjorie Faulstich. 2009. Translating Childhoods: Immigrant Youth, Language, and Culture. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Orloff, Leslye E., Dutton, Mary Ann, Aguilar, Giselle, and Ammar, Nawal 2003. Battered Immigrant Women's Willingness to Call for Help and Police Response. UCLA Women's Law Journal 13:43100.Google Scholar
Orloff, Leslye E., Isom, Kathryn C., and Saballos, Edmundo 2010. Mandatory U‐Visa Certification Unnecessarily Undermines the Purpose of the Violence Against Women Act's Immigration Protections and its “Any Credible Evidence” Rules—A Call for Consistency. Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law 11:619647.Google Scholar
Orloff, Leslye E., and Kaguyutan, Janice V. 2002. Offering a Helping Hand: Legal Protections for Battered Immigrant Women: A History of Legislative Responses. American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy, & Law 10:95183.Google Scholar
Park, Mijung, Chesla, Catherine A., S. Rehm, Roberta, and M. Chun, Kevin 2011. Working with Culture: Culturally Appropriate Mental Health Care for Asian Americans. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67 (11): 23732382.Google Scholar
Pound, Roscoe. 1910. Law in Books and Law in Action. American Law Review 44:1236.Google Scholar
Raj, Anita, and Silverman, Jay 2002. Violence Against Immigrant Women: The Roles of Culture, Context, and Legal Immigrant Status on Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 8 (3): 367398.Google Scholar
Salcido, Olivia, and Adelman, Madelaine 2004. “He Has Me Tied with the Blessed and Damned Papers”: Undocumented‐Immigrant Battered Women in Phoenix, Arizona. Human Organization 63 (2): 162172.Google Scholar
Salcido, Olivia, and Menjívar, Cecilia 2012. Gendered Paths to Legal Citizenship: The Case of Latin‐American Immigrants in Phoenix, Arizona. Law & Society Review 46 (2): 335368.Google Scholar
Sarat, Austin, and Felstiner, William L. F. 1995. Divorce Lawyers and Their Clients: Power and Meaning in the Legal Process. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Simon, Jonathan. 2007. Governing Through Crime: How the War on Crime Transformed American Democracy and Created a Culture of Fear. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stumpf, Juliet. 2006. The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime, and Sovereign Power. American University Law Review 56:367420.Google Scholar
Timmermans, Stefan, and Tavory, Iddo 2012. Theory Construction in Qualitative Research: From Grounded Theory to Abductive Analysis. Sociological Theory 30 (3): 167186.Google Scholar
US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). 2014. Data Set: Form I‐918 Application for U Nonimmigrant Status. http://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports‐studies/immigration‐forms‐data/data‐set‐form‐i‐918‐application‐u‐nonimmigrant‐status (accessed May 12, 2014).Google Scholar
Varsanyi, Monica W., Lewis, Paul G., Marie, Doris Provine, and Decker, Scott 2012. A Multilayered Jurisdictional Patchwork: Immigration Federalism in the United States. Law & Policy 34 (2): 138158.Google Scholar
Villalón, Roberta. 2010. Violence Against Latina Immigrants: Citizenship, Inequality, and Community. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Wixson, Sarah. 2011. The U Visa: Proposed Changes to the Code of Federal Regulations to Aid Undocumented Alien Victims. Wayne Law Review 57:535556.Google Scholar
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 22 U.S.C. 7101 § 1513(b)(3)(iii).Google Scholar
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, 22 U.S.C. 7101 § 1513(b)(3)(iii).Google Scholar