Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T03:50:35.448Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Force of International Law: Lawyers’ Diplomacy on the International Scene in the 1920s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Guillaume Sacriste  and
Antoine Vauchez
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Where does international law (IL) draw its authority from a still weakly institutionalized international scene deprived of the warrants of a state? To address this classical debate, the article draws from a case study on the social and professional structure of the “international legal community” as it emerged during the 1920s as part of the rise of multilateralism and international organizations. It focuses on the “situation of the international lawyers” of the time, starting with the multiple and often antagonistic roles they play (as legal advisers, scholars, judges, diplomats, politicians, etc.) and the variety of interests and causes they defend (states, international organizations, professional interests, etc.) in international politics. It argues this heteronomy of international lawyers helps understand the autonomization of international law. Far from being opposed to one another it has often been assumed—realism and idealism, national loyalty and international loyalty, political logic and learned logic—actually gain when analyzed as various modes of affirming a single cause—that of an international rule of law. This attention given to the “situation of international lawyers” and to the way they manage their various allegiances also accounts for the particular vision of the “International” and of “Law and Politics” relationships that are encapsulated in this emerging international corpus juris.

Type
Symposium: Law, Lawyers, and Transnational Politics in the Production of Europe
Information
Law & Social Inquiry , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , Winter 2007 , pp. 83 - 107
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2007 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, Irwin. 1957. The Emergence of the International Law Societies. The Review of Politics 9 (3): 361–90.Google Scholar
Alvarez, Alessandro. 1928. La codification du droit international. Revue Politique et Parlementaire October: 270–76.Google Scholar
Asser, Charles. 1880. Droit international privé et droit uniforme. Revue de Droit International 12.Google Scholar
Atkins, G. Pope. 1999. Latin America and the Caribbean in the International System. 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Barclay, Sir Thomas. 1919. Ouverture de la séance de l'Institut de droit international du 8 mai 1919. Annuaire de l'Institut de droit international 27:293–304.Google Scholar
Beaud, Olivier, and Wachsmann, Patrick, eds. 1997. La science juridique française et la science juridique allemande de 1870 à 1918. Strasbourg: Presses universitaires de Strasbourg. Google Scholar
Bilder, Richard. 1962. The Office of the Legal Adviser: The State Department Lawyer and Foreign Affairs. American Journal of International Law 56:633–84.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. The State Nobility. Elite Schools in the Field of Power. Stanford, CA: University of Stanford Press. Google Scholar
Byers, Michael, ed. 2000. The Role of Law in International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Chanet, Jean-François. 1996. L’école républicaine et les petites patries. Paris: Aubier. Google Scholar
Charle, Christophe. 2000. Des sciences pour un empire culturel. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 133:9–95.Google Scholar
Charle, Christophe. 2004. Les réseaux intellectuels européens au XIXème siècle. In Penser les frontières de l'Europe du XIXème au XXIème siècle, ed. Pécout, Gilles, 65–93. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Google Scholar
Compte rendu de la session de Paris de l'Institut de droit international. 1920. Revue générale de droit international public 1:97–100.Google Scholar
Compte rendu de la session de Rome de l'Institut de droit international. 1921. Revue générale de droit international public 6:604–30.Google Scholar
Coussirat-Coustère, Vincent and Pierre Michel, Eisemann, eds. Répertoire de la jurisprudence arbitrale internationale. 1989. 4 vol. Dordrecht: Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar
Denord, F. 2002. Le prophète, le pélerin et le missionnaire. La circulation internationale du néo-libéralisme et ses acteurs. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 145:9–20.Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, and Garth, Bryant, eds. 1996. Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Construction of a Transnational Legal Order. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, and Garth, Bryant, eds. The Internationalization of Palace Wars: Lawyers, Economists, and the Contest to Transform Latin American States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Dezalay, Yves, and Garth, Bryant. Forthcoming. From the Foreign Policy Establishment to the Legalization of Foreign Policy. In The Cambridge History of Law in America, ed. Grossberg, Michael and Tomlins, Christopher. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eyfinger, A. 1988. The Peace Palace: Residence for Justice: 1913–1988. The Hague: The Hague Carnegie Foundation. Google Scholar
Gardot, A. 1929. L'académie de droit international. Revue Politique et Parlementaire 138:285–96.Google Scholar
Hammarksjöld, K. 1921. The Permanent Court of International Justice. Geneva: League of Nations.Google Scholar
Israël, Liora, Guillaume, Sacriste, Antoine, Vauchez, and Laurent, Willemez, eds. 2005. Sur la portée sociale du droit. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Google Scholar
Jones, Dorothy. 2002. Toward a Just World. The Critical Years in the Search for International Justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Google Scholar
Kantorowicz, Ernst. 1961. Kinship Under the Impact of Scientific Jurisprudence. In Twelfth-Century Europe and the Foundation of Modern Society, ed. Clagett, Marshall, Post, Gaines, and Reynolds, Robert, 89–111. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Google Scholar
Karady, Victor. 2002. La migration internationale d’étudiants en Europe 1890–1940. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 145:47–60.Google Scholar
Korhonen, Outi. 2000. International Law Situated. An Analysis of the Lawyer's Stance Towards Culture, History and Community. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Google Scholar
Koskienniemi, Martti. 1999. Between Commitment and Cynism: Outline for a Theory of International Law as Practice. In Collection of Essays by Legal Advisers of States, Legal Advisers of International Organizations and Praticiennes in the Field of International Law, 495–523. New York: United Nations, Offices of Legal Affairs. Google Scholar
Koskienniemi, Martti. 2001. The Gentle Civilizer of Nations: The Rise and Fall of International Law (1870–1960). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar
De Laveleye, Emile. 1877. Notices et documents relatifs à l'histoire de l'Institut. Annuaire de l'Institut de droit international 1:11–36.Google Scholar
Loder, Bernard. 1920. XXème séance plénière de l'Assemblée de la Société des Nations. Journal Officiel de la Société des Nations September 13.Google Scholar
Madsen, Mikael, and Vauchez, Antoine. 2005. European Constitutionalism at the Cradle: Law, Lawyers in the Construction of a European Legal Order (1920–1960). In In Lawyers’ Circles: Lawyers and European Legal Integration, 15–34. Rotterdam: Elzevier. Google Scholar
Mirkine-Guetzevitch, Boris. 1928. Le progrès du droit international. Revue Politique et Parlementaire 402:279–86.Google Scholar
Monnier, V. 1995. William E. Rappard. Paris: Ed. Slatkine.Google Scholar
Nippold, O. 1924. Le développement historique du droit international depuis le congrès de Vienne. Recueil de cours. Académie de La Haye 1:5–120.Google Scholar
Ranshofen-Wertheimer, Egon F. 1945. The International Secretariat: A Great Experiment in International Administration. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.Google Scholar
Sacriste, Guillaume. 2002. Le droit de la République (1870–1914): Légitimation(s) de l’État et construction du rôle de professeur de droit constitutionnel au début de la IIIe République, Ph.D. diss. Political Science, Université de Paris I-Sorbonne, Paris.Google Scholar
Sacriste, Guillaume, and Vauchez. La guerre “hors-la-loi”, Antoine (19191930). Les origines de la définition d'un ordre politique international. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 151–152:91–95.Google Scholar
Schepel, Harm, and Wesserling, Rein. 1997. The Legal Community: Judges, Lawyers, Officials and Clerks in the Writing of Europe. European Law Journal 2:165–88.Google Scholar
Scott, James Brown. 1916. An International Court of Justice. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Société, Des Nations. 1926. Statut de la Cour permanente de justice internationale. Genève: Section d'information du secrétariat de la SDN. Google Scholar
Stoetzer, Carlos. 1993. The Organization of American States. London: Praeger. Google Scholar