Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T02:20:59.707Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bureaucratizing Democracy, Democratizing Bureaucracy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

Abstract

This article analyzes the relationship between how rationality is conceived and how democracy is practiced in the Bureau of Reclamation, a water development agency in the Department of Interior. The efforts of some inside the agency to institutionalize rational decision-making models, partly in response to new environmental law, expanded the number and range of interest groups that participated in its decisions fry incorporating their preferences into their models for evaluating plans. But the terms under which people could express their values and interests were strictly controlled in ways that some felt misrepresented their concerns. How we conceive of rationality has important implications for how and which people are included in bureaucratic decision making.

Type
Symposium: Law, Democracy, and Society
Copyright
Copyright © American Bar Foundation, 2000 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, Frederick R. 1973. NEPA in the Courts: A Legal Analysis of the National Environmental Policy Act. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Andrews, Richard N. L. 1976. Environmental Policy and Administrative Change. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Bendix, Reinhard. 1962. Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Breyer, Stephen G., and Stewart, Richard B. 1979. Administrative Law and Regulatory Policy. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Brown, Curtis. 1984. The Central Arizona Water Control Study: A Case for Multiobjective Planning and Public Involvement. Water Resources Bulletin 20(3):331–37.Google Scholar
Chayes, A. 1982. Public Litigation and the Burger Court. Harvard Law Review 96:826.Google Scholar
Christian Science Monitor. 1981. 14 July, p. 14.Google Scholar
Clemens, Elisabeth. 1997. The People's Lobby: Organizational Innovation and the Rise of Interest Group Politics in the United States, 1890–1925. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert. A. 1961. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Edley, Christopher Jr. 1990. Administrative Law. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Espeland, Wendy Nelson. 1998. The Struggle for Water: Politics, Rationality and Identity in the American Southwest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John A. 1974. Pork Barrel Politics: Rivers and Harbors Legislation, 1947–1968. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Ferejohn, John A., and Kuklinski, James H., eds. 1990. Information and Democratic Processes. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Finn, Terence T. 1973. Conflict and Compromise: Congress Makes a Law–The Passage of the National Environmental Policy Act. Ph.D. diss., Department of Political Science, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Gressley, Gene M., ed. 1966. The American West: A Reorientation. Laramie: University of Wyoming Publications.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1971. Capitalism and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jurgen. 1970. Technology and Science as Ideology. In Toward a Rational Society, trans. Shapiro, Jeremy. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jurgen. 1973. Reason and Decision: On Theory and Practice in Our Scientific Civilization. In Theory and Practice, trans. Viertal, John. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Hays, Samuel P. [1959] 1980. Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Movement, 1890–1920. New York: Atheneum.Google Scholar
Ingram, Helen. 1990. Water Politics: Continuity and Change. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
James, George Wharton. 1917. Reclaiming the Arid West: The Story of the United States Reclamation Service. New York: Dodd, Mead.Google Scholar
Johnson, Rich. 1977. The Central Arizona Project, 1918–1968. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Kerwin, Cornelius M. 1994. Rulemaking: How Government Agencies Write Law and Make Policy. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press.Google Scholar
Koch, Charles H. Jr. 1997. Administrative Law and Practice. 2nd ed. St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing.Google Scholar
Kymlicka, Will. 1989. Liberalism, Community, and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Lawrence B. 1972. William Ellsworth Smythe and the Irrigation Movement: A Reconsideration. Pacific Historical Review 41:259311.Google Scholar
Lilly, William H, and Gould, Lewis L. 1966. The Western Irrigation Movement 1878–1902: A Reappraisal. In Gressley 1966.Google Scholar
Linz, Juan. 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes. Vol. 1: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibriation. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1981. Political Man: The Social Bases of Democracy. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Liroff, Richard A. 1976. A National Policy for the Environment: NEPA and Its Aftermath. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Markoff, John. 1995. The Great Wave of Democracy in Historical Perspective. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mazmanian, Daniel, and Nienaber, Jeanne. 1979. Can Organizations Change? Environmental Protection, Citizen Participation, and the Corps of Engineers. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute.Google Scholar
McCool, Daniel. 1987. Command of the Waters: Iron Triangles, Federal Water Development, and Indian Water. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Michels, Roberto. 1949. Political Parties, trans. Eden, and Paul, Cedar. Glencoe, III.: Free Press.Google Scholar
Minow, Martha. 1990. Making All the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion, and American Law. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, Edmund S. 1988. Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Pisani, Donald. J. 1983. Reclamation and Social Engineering in the Progressive Era. Agricultural History 57(1):4663.Google Scholar
Pisani, Donald. J. 1984. From the Family Farm to Agribusiness. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Porter, Theodore. 1995. Trust in Numbers. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D., withLeonardi, Robert and Nanetti, Raffaella. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Reisner, Marc. 1986. Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water. New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Robinson, Michael. 1979. Water for the West. Chicago: Public Works Historical Society.Google Scholar
Rodgers, William H. Jr. 1977. Handbook on Environmental Law. St. Paul, Minn.: West.Google Scholar
Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Huber Stephens, Evelyn, Stephens, John. 1992. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Selznick, Philip. 1957. Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Rogers M. 1997. Civic Ideals. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Stegner, Wallace. 1954- Beyond the Hundredth Meridian. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Stewart, Richard B. 1975. The Reformation of American Administrative Law. Harvard Law Review 88:16671813.Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 1982. Participation, Public Law, and Venue Reform. University of Chicago Law Review 49(2):9261001.Google Scholar
Sunstein, Cass R. 1985. Interest Groups in American Public Law. Stanford Law Review 38(l):2987.Google Scholar
Tarrow, Sidney. 1994- Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Sarge. 1984. Making Bureaucracies Think. Palo Alto, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1969. Democracy in America, trans. Lawrence, George. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1947. Report on Central Arizona Project: Project Planning Report No.3-8b-4-2.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1976. Socioeconomic Study of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation and Community with and without the Development of Orme Dam and Reservoir. Prepared by the Natelson Corp.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). May 1976. Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Orme Dam Reservoir, Central Arizona Project, Arizona-New Mexico.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982a. Appendix A: Summary and Evaluation of Central Arizona Water Control Study Public Involvement Program.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982b. Appendix B: Central Arizona Water Control Study Public Values Assessment.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982c. Economics Supporting Documentation, Central Arizona Water Control Study.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982d. Environmental Impacts and Effects of Plans, Central Arizona Water Control Study.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982e. Field Draft, Environmental Impact Statement, Central Arizona Project Regulatory Storage Division, Central Arizona Water Control Study, September.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982f. Final Report: Social Impacts and Effects of Central Arizona Water Control Study Plans, October.Google Scholar
U. S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Reclamation (USDI BR). 1982g. Summary and Evaluation of Central Arizona Water Control Study Public Involvement Program, 1979–1980, February.Google Scholar
U.S. Senate. 1947. Committee on Public Lands. Bridge Cannon Project: Hearing before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Public Lands on S. 1175. 80th Cong., 1st sess.Google Scholar
Walton, John. 1992. Western Times and Water Wars: State, Culture, and Rebellion in California. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1978. Economy and Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Weinberg, Adam S. 1994. Citizenship and Natural Resources: Paradoxes of the Treadmill. Ph.D. diss., Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.Google Scholar
Weinberg, Adam S. 1997. Legal Reform and Local Environmental Mobilization. Human Ecology 6:293323.Google Scholar
Wolfe, Alan. 1989. Whose Keeper? Social Science and Moral Obligation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Worster, Donald. 1985. Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West(r). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Young, Iris Marion. 1989. Polity and Group Difference: A Critique of the Ideal of Universal Citizenship. Ethics 99:250–74.Google Scholar
Young, Iris Marion. 1990. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar