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The Problem of Periodization in the History of International Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2019

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Abstract

The first part of the article presents a six-tiered typology of conventional approaches to historical periodization in international law. The “hegemonic” approach, the “Eurocentric universalist” approach, the “state-centric” approach, the “intellectual doctrinal” approach, the “institutional” approach, and the “normative” approach to the question of periodization of the history of international law are surveyed in turn in the light of contemporary literature. The second part examines how in the wake of the recent “historical turn” in international law a new critical historiographical wave has problematized the question of periodization because of the homogenizing effects and the “teleology of progress” to which periodization is interpreted to contribute in international legal history. The third part tackles the notion of “alternative periodization” illustrating, with examples from contemporary literature in the history of international law, its value as a launching pad for the “formation of new, formerly unknown periods,” a task that is considered “an essential part of historiographical innovation.” The conclusion elaborates on the heuristic potential of a multiperspectival approach to the study of periodization in the history of international law.

Saepe stilum vertas,

iterum quae digna legi sunt scripturus

Hor., Sat. 1, 10, 72

Type
Review Essay
Information
Law and History Review , Volume 37 , Issue 1 , February 2019 , pp. 275 - 308
Copyright
Copyright © the American Society for Legal History, Inc. 2019 

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134. Cardinal, Pierre-Alexandre and Mégret, Frederic, “The Other ‘Other’: Moors, International Law and the Origin of the Colonial Matrix,” in International Law and Islam. Historical Explorations, ed. de la Rasilla, Ignacio and Shahid, Ayesha (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 2018)Google Scholar.

135. Thomas Duve, Global Legal History: A Methodological Approach, Max Planck Institute for European Legal History, Research Paper Series No. 2016-04. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2781104 (accessed June 10, 2018).

136. Ibid., 11.

137. International law has been traditionally understood as the body of legal rules governing interactions between sovereign states as these have emerged over time from those very same interactions.

138. Koskenniemi, Martti, “A History of International Law Histories,” in The Oxford Handbook of the History of International Law, ed. Fassbender, Bardo and Peters, Anne (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012)Google Scholar.

139. Ibid.

140. de la Rasilla, Ignacio, “A Very Short History of International Law Journals, 1869–2018,” European Journal of International Law 29 (2018): 137–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

141. These, as has been discussed, were built on international institutions, international legal theory, international norms, Marxist economic theory, events of colonial or postcolonial significance, the growing academic subdisciplinary diversification and specialization of the field of international law and of its history, geographical factors, cross-cultural interactions, and, also, hitherto neglected research topics, respectively.

142. Okihiro, Gary Y., The Columbia Guide to Asian American History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001), 34Google Scholar.

143. Diggelmann, “Periodization,” 1001.

144. See Cryer, Robert, Hervey, Tamara, and Sokhi-Bulley, Bal, eds., Research Methodologies in EU and International Law (Oxford: Hart, 2011), 5Google Scholar, presenting a list of “theories, methodology, approaches” with reference to both European Union Law and International Law. This list includes: “Natural Law, Legal Positivism, Liberalism, Cosmopolitanism, Constitutionalism, New Governance, Idealist, Marxism, Feminism, Queer Theory, Postcolonial Theory, Critical Theory, Law and International Relations/Political Science (including the sub-variants of both Liberalism and Constructivism) Law and Economics, Law and Sociology, Law and History, Law and Geography and Law and Literature.”

145. See, for example, Ruskola, “Raping Like a State,” 1485, noting that “in historical analysis, periodization is inevitable, but never innocent.”

146. Koskenniemi, “Histories of International Law,” 226.

147. Kennedy, David, “When Renewal Repeats: Thinking Against the Box,” New York Journal of International Law and Politics 32 (2000): 335–500Google Scholar, at 335.