Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-sjtt6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-04T17:55:18.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Technological Elites and Political Parties: The Venezuelan Professional Community

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

John D. Martz  and
David J. Myers
John D. Martz
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University
David J. Myers
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

As Latin America has moved through the second half of the twentieth century, both the public and private sectors have required increasing levels of technological skills and specialized expertise. In the public sector, this necessity has occasioned the rise to prominence of a sector known in Latin America as profesionales y tcnicos. This emergent elite has assumed a significant role in shaping and implementing public policy because its members command skills critical to the functioning of modernizing technological society. As a result, participation by professionals and tcnicos has become central to bureaucratic efficiency, economic development, and the manipulation of symbols that reinforce political legitimacy. Yet the political role of professionals and tcnicos has been little explored, and direct relationships between professional elites and national parties, often central to the democratization of developing nations, have received minimal attention.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , 1994 , pp. 7 - 27
Copyright
Copyright 1994 by the University of Texas Press

References

AD (ACCION DEMOCRATICA) 1986 Estatutos. Caracas: Secretara Nacional de Organizacin.Google Scholar
AD (ACCION DEMOCRATICA) 1988 Fracciones nacionales de profesionales y tcnicos. Caracas: Secretara Nacional de Profesionales y Tcnicos.Google Scholar
ACEDO MENDOZA, CARLOS 1974 Reforma urbana. Caracas: Fondo Editorial Comn.Google Scholar
BALOYRA, ENRIQUE A., AND MARTZ, JOHN D. 1979 Political Attitudes in Venezuela: Societal Cleavages and Political Opinion. Austin: University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BONILLA, FRANK 1970 The Failure of Elites. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
BONILLA, FRANK, AND MICHELENA, JOSE A. SILVA, EDS. 1967 A Strategy for Research on Social Policy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
CARVAJAL, MANUEL J. 1977 Poltica de crecimiento urbano: la experiencia de Costa Rica. San Jos, Costa Rica: Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos.Google Scholar
CHEINESS, CATHY, AND KANE, JEFFREY S. 1987 Public-Sector Professionals: Job Characteristics, Satisfaction, and Aspirations for Intrinsic Fulfillment through Work. Human Relations 40 (Mar.):12536.Google Scholar
CLEAVES, PETER S. 1987 Professions and the State: The Mexican Case. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
COLEGIO DE INGENIEROS DE VENEZUELA 1987 Reglamento electoral. In-house document, Caracas.Google Scholar
COPPEDGE, MICHAEL 1993 Venezuela: Strong Parties and Lame Ducks. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
COPPEDGE, MICHAEL n.d. Partidocracia and Reform in Comparative Perspective. Forthcoming in the volume based on the November 1992 conference in Caracas sponsored by the North-South Center and INVESP.Google Scholar
ELLNER, STEVE 1988 Venezuela's Movimiento al Socialismo: From Guerrilla Defeat to Innovative Politics. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
FURLONG CARDIFF, GUILLERMO 1947 Medicos argentinos durante la dominacin hispnica. Buenos Aires: Huarpes.Google Scholar
GALL, PIRIE M. 1976 Municipal Development Programs in Latin America: An Intercountry Evaluation. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
GIL YEPES, JOSE ANTONIO 1978 El reto de las elites. Madrid: Tecnos.Google Scholar
GOLDWIN, ROBERT, AND KAUFFMAN, ART, EDS. 1983 Constitution Makers on Constitution Making: The Experience of Eight Nations. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.Google Scholar
GOMEZ NAVAS, OSCAR 1983 Administracin municipal y urbanizacin en Venezuela. Caracas: Equinoccio.Google Scholar
HERMAN, DONALD L. 1980 Christian Democracy in Venezuela. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
KORNBLITH, MIRIAM n.d. Crisis poltica y reforma constitucional en Venezuela, forthcoming in the volume from the October 1992 conference on Venezuela held at Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
KORNBLITH, MIRIAM, AND LEVINE, DANIEL H. n.d. Venezuela: The Life and Times of the Party System. In Building Democratic Institutions: Parties and Party Systems in Latin America, edited by Mainwaring, Scott and Scully, Timothy. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
KOSTOF, SPIRO K. 1977 The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
LANG, JON 1986 Understanding Normative Theories of Architecture: The Potential Role of the Behavioral Sciences. Environment and Behavior 20 (Sept.):60132.Google Scholar
LEVINE, DANIEL H. 1973 Conflict and Political Change in Venezuela. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
LOWENSTEIN, STEVEN 1970 Lawyers, Legal Education, and Development: An Examination of the Process of Reform in Chile. New York: International Legal Center.Google Scholar
LYNCH, DENNIS O. 1981 Legal Roles in Colombia. New York: Center for Law in Development.Google Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D. 1966 Accin Democrtica: Evolution of a Modern Political Party in Venezuela. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D. 1982 Los peligros de la petrificacin: el sistema de partidos venezolanos y la dcada de los ochentas. In Iberoamrica en los aos 80: perspectivas de cambio social y poltico, edited by Enrique A. Baloyra and Rafael Lpez Pintor. Madrid: Centro de Investigacin Sociolgica, 14982.Google Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D. 1984 Political Parties and the Impact on Foreign Policy in Venezuela. In Latin America in World Politics: Comparative Perspectives, edited by Muoz, Heraldo and Tulchin, Joseph S., 13350. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D. 1988 The Malaise of Venezuelan Political Parties: Is Democracy Endangered? In Democracy in Latin America: Colombia and Venezuela, edited by Herman, Donald L., 15575. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D. 1992 Party Elites and Leadership in Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Latin American Studies 24, pt. 1:87121.Google Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D. n.d. Political Parties and the Democratic Crisis in Venezuela. Forthcoming in the volume from the October 1992 conference on Venezuela held at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
MARTZ, JOHN D., AND MYERS, DAVID J. 1986 Venezuela, the Democratic Experience, second edition. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
MATTOS PEREIRA, RUBEN 1969 Organizao Administrativa para o Planejamento Municipal. Rio de Janeiro: Fundao Getlio Vargas.Google Scholar
MCCOY, JENNIFER 1993 Democracy under Stress: Politics and Markets in Venezuela. Miami: University of Miami, North-South Center.Google Scholar
MYERS, DAVID J. 1969 The Politics of Urban Development: Caracas under Accin Democrtica. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
MYERS, DAVID J. 1986 The Venezuelan Party System: Regime Maintenance under Stress. In Venezuela, The Democratic Experience, revised edition, edited by Martz, John D. and Myers, David J., 10948. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
MYERS, DAVID J. 1990 Venezuela: The Politics of Liberty, Justice, and Distribution. In Latin American Politics and Development, third edition, edited by Wiarda, Howard J. and Kline, Harvey F., 283321. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
MYERS, DAVID J. n.d. Perceptions of a Stressed Democracy: Inevitable Decay of Foundation for Rebirth. Forthcoming in the volume based on the November 1992 conference in Caracas sponsored by the North-South Center and INVESP.Google Scholar
PENNIMAN, HOWARD J., ED. 1980 Venezuela at the Polls. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research.Google Scholar
RAKOWSKI, CATHY, AND KASTNER, GEORGE 1985 Difficulties Involved in Taking Health Services to the People: The Example of a Public Health Care Center in a Caracas Barrio. Social Science and Medicine 21:6775.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SCOTT, MARGARET 1989 Shape of Things to Come: Affluence in Bangkok Spawns New Breed of Architects. Far Eastern Economic Review 44:4051.Google Scholar
SILVA MICHELENA, JOSE A. 1967 The Venezuelan Bureaucrat. In BONILLA AND SILVA MICHELENA 1967, 86120.Google Scholar
SILVA MICHELENA, JOSE A. 1971 The Illusion of Democracy in Dependent Nations. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
SILVERT, KALMAN H., AND REISSMAN, LEONARD 1976 Education, Class, and Nation: The Experiences of Chile and Venezuela. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
SONNTAG, HEINZ R., AND MAINGON, THAIS 1992 Venezuela, 4-F 1992: un anlisis sociopoltico. Caracas: Nueva Sociedad.Google Scholar
STEWART, WILLIAM S. 1978 Change and Bureaucracy: Public Administration in Venezuela. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
TRUBEK, DAVID M. 1971 Law, Planning, and the Development of the Brazilian Capital Market: A Study of Law in Economic Change. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
VIOLICH, FRANCIS 1987 Urban Planning for Latin America. Boston, Mass.: Oelgeschlager, Gunn, and Hain.Google Scholar
WILDING, PAUL 1982 Professional Power and Social Welfare. Boston, Mass.: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
YUJNOVSKY, OSCAR 1971 La estructura interna de la ciudad. Buenos Aires: Ediciones SIAP.Google Scholar