Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T19:41:51.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Metamorphosis of Latin American Protestant Groups: A Sociohistorical Perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2022

Jean-Pierre Bastian
Jean-Pierre Bastian*
Affiliation:
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalpa
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Study of religious phenomena in Latin America and the Caribbean covered by the generic term Protestantism has opened up a fertile field of research for sociologists, anthropologists, and historians in the last thirty years. The exponential growth in new non-Roman Catholic religious movements since the 1950s and the breadth of their organized networks have stimulated research based more often on sensationalism than on a scientific perspective. The complex and pluralistic manifestations of this heterodox religious phenomenon have generally been reduced to a notion of Protestantism rarely found in scholarly usage. The multiplicity of non-Roman Catholic religious movements cannot be reduced to some catchall category of “Protestantism.” Moreover, one must also analyze the connection between usage of the term Protestant and a culture marked by the Spanish Inquisition, which shaped the Ibero-American collective unconscious for more than three centuries, in order to understand why a fair number of Latin American researchers look at religious dissidence rather superficially, reducing it immediately to “Protestantism.”

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , 1993 , pp. 33 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

∗

This article was translated from French by Margaret Caffey-Moquin with funding from the Tinker Foundation.

References

Alves, Rubem 1985 Protestantism and Repression: A Brazilian Case Study. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis (1st ed. in Portuguese, 1979).Google Scholar
Assman, Hugo 1987 La iglesia electrônica y su impacto en América Latina. San José, Costa Rica: Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones.Google Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre 1985a “Para una aproximación teórica del fenómeno protestante en América Central.” Cristianismo y Sociedad, no. 85:61–68 (published in Mexico City).Google Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre 1985b “Dissidence religieuse dans le milieu rural mexicain.” Social Compass 32, nos. 2–3:245–60 (published in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre 1986 “Protestantismo popular y política en Guatemala y Nicaragua.” Revista Mexicana de Sociología 48, no. 3:181–99.Google Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre 1988 “El paradigma de 1789: sociedades de ideas y revolución mexicana.” Historia Mexicana 38, series 1, no. 149:79–110.Google Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre 1989 Los disidentes, sociedades protestantes y revolución en Mexico, 1872–1911. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica and El Colegio de México.Google Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre 1990 Historia del protestantismo en América Latina. Mexico City: Casa Unida de Publicaciones.Google Scholar
Bastian, Jean-Pierre, ED. 1990 Protestantes, liberales y francmasones: sociedades de ideas y modernidad en América Latina, Siglo XIX, Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica and the Comisión de Estudios de la Historia de la Iglesia en América Latina (CEHILA).Google Scholar
Bastide, Roger 1970 “Sociologie des mutations religieuses.” In Sociologie des mutations, edited by Balandier, Georges, 157–68. Paris: Anthropos.Google Scholar
Bastide, Roger 1973 “Contributions à une sociologie des religions en Amérique Latine.” Archives des Sciences Sociales des Religions, no. 85:139–50.Google Scholar
Beckford, James A., ED. 1986 New Religious Movements and Rapid Social Change. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.Google Scholar
Brusco, Elisabeth 1986 “The Household Basis of Evangelical Religion and the Reformation of Machismo in Colombia.” Ph.D. diss., City University of New York.Google Scholar
Burnett, Virginia Garrard 1989 “Protestantism in Rural Guatemala, 1872–1954.” LARR 24, no. 2:127–42.Google Scholar
Carrasco, Pedro Enrique 1988 “Les Cadres dirigeants babtistes latino-américains entre le croire et la pouvoir: Etude sociologique d'un processus d'épiscopalisation dans une société religieuse congrégationaliste en Amérique Latine.” Ph.D. diss., Centre de Sociologie du Protestantisme, Université de Strasbourg.Google Scholar
Casagrande, Joseph B. 1978 “Religious Conversion and Social Change in an Indian Community of Highland Ecuador.” In Amerikanische Studien, edited by Hartmann, Roswith and Oberem, Udo, 105–11. Saint Augustine, Germany: Anthropos Institut.Google Scholar
Chaunu, Pierre 1965 “Pour une sociologie du protestantisme latino-américain.” Cahiers de Sociologie Economique, no. 12 (May):5–18 (published in Le Havre).Google Scholar
CHRISTIANITY TODAY 1963 “Catholics and Protestants in Latin America.” Christianity Today 7, no. 21 (19 July):5–8.Google Scholar
Curry, Donald Edward 1968 “Lusiada: An Anthropological Study of the Growth of Protestantism in Brazil.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University.Google Scholar
Curry, Donald Edward 1970 “Messianism and Protestantism in Brazil's Sertão.” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 13, no. 3:416–38.Google Scholar
Fajardo, Andres 1987 “From the Volcano: Protestant Conversion among the Ixil Maya of Highland Guatemala.” B. A. honors thesis, Harvard College.Google Scholar
Foerster, Rolf G. 1988 “Milenarismo, profetismo y mesianismo en la sociedad mapuche contemporánea.” América Indígena 48, no. 4:773–89.Google Scholar
Fonseca, Claudia 1991 “La Religion dans la vie quotidienne d'un groupe populaire brésilien.” Archives des Sciences Sociales des Religions 36, no. 73: (Jan.–Mar.): 125–39.Google Scholar
Furet, François 1978 Penser la Révolution Française. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Garma Navarro, Carlos 1987 El protestantismo en una comunidad totonaca de Puebla. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional Indigenista.Google Scholar
Garma Navarro, Carlos 1988 “Liderazgo, mensaje religioso y contexto social.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 26, no. 95:89–100.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Pedrero, Enrique 1990 “Reflexiones barrocas.” Vuelta 14, no. 162 (May):22–27 (published in Mexico City).Google Scholar
Granados, Manuel Jesus 1988 “Los Israelitas.” Socialismo y Participación, no. 41 (March):95–105 (published in Lima).Google Scholar
Gruzinski, Serge, and Bernand, Carmen 1988 De l'idolâtrie: une archéologie des sciences religieuses. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Gueiros Vieira, David 1980 O Protestantismo, a Maçonaria e a Questão Religiosa no Brasil. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.Google Scholar
Gutwirth, Jacques 1991 “Pentecôtisme national et audiovisuel à Porto Alegre, Brésil.” Archives des Sciences Sociales des Religions 37, no. 73 (Jan.–Mar):99–114 (published in Paris).Google Scholar
Halperin Donghi, Tulio 1985 Reforma y disolución de los imperios ibéricos, 1750–1850. Madrid: Alianza.Google Scholar
Hermet, Guy 1973 “Les Fonctions politiques des organisations religieuses dans les régimes politiques à pluralisme limité.” Revue Française de Science Politique 23 (June):439–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffnagel, Judith Chambliss 1979 “The Believers: Pentecostalism in a Brazilian City.” Ph.D. diss., University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Hurbon, Laennec 1987 “Nuevos movimientos religiosos en el Caribe.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 25, pt. 3, no. 93:37–64. English version in beckford 1986.Google Scholar
Ibarra Belon, Araceli 1972 “La Hermosa Provincia: nacimiento y vida de una secta cristiana en Guadalajara, Mexico.” M.A. thesis, Universidad de Guadalajara.Google Scholar
Johnstone, J. P. 1986 Operation World. 4th ed. Kent, Engl.: STL Books and WEC International.Google Scholar
Kamsteeg, Frans 1990 “Líderes y laicos entre los grupos pentecostales de Arequipa, Peru.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 28, pt. 4, no. 106:59–76.Google Scholar
Kohut, Karl, and Meyers, Albert, EDS. 1988 Religiosidad popular en América Latina. Frankfurt: Verlag Klaus Dieter Vervuert.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafaye, Jacques 1974 Quetzacoatl et Guadalupe: La Formation de la conscience nationale au Mexique. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Lalive D'Epinay, Christian 1968 El refugio de las masas. Santiago: Editorial del Pacífico. Published in English in London by Lutterworth in 1969.Google Scholar
Lalive D'Epinay, Christian 1975 Religion, dynamique sociale et dépendance: Les Mouvements protestants en Argentine et au Chili. Paris: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Bot, Yvon 1987 “Cent Ans de Protestantisme au Guatemala: Notes et études documentaires.” La Documentation Française, no. 4850:109–19 (published in Paris).Google Scholar
Le Bot, Yvon 1991 “Présence religieuse et marché: le destin de l'Amérique Latine.” Le Monde, 20 Aug., p. 13.Google Scholar
Mansilla, H. C. F. 1989 “La herencia ibérica y la persistencia del autoritarismo en América Latina.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 27, pt. 2, no. 100:81–94.Google Scholar
Mariz, Cecilia L. 1990 “Pentecostalismo y alcoholismo entre los pobres del Brasil.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 28, pt. 3:34–44.Google Scholar
Martin, David 1990 Tongues of Fire: The Explosion of Protestantism in Latin America. Cambridge: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Martinez, Abelino 1989 Las sectas en Nicaragua: oferta y demanda de salvación. San José, Costa Rica: Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones.Google Scholar
Meyer, Jean 1989 Historia de los cristianos en América Latina, Siglos XIX y XX. Mexico City: Vuelta.Google Scholar
Miller, Elmer S. 1979 Los tobas argentinos: armonía y disonancia en una sociedad. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno.Google Scholar
Muratorio, Blanca 1981a “Protestantism and Capitalism Revisited in the Rural Highlands of Ecuador.” journal of Peasant Studies, no. 8:37–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muratorio, Blanca 1981b “Protestantism, Ethnicity, and Class in Chimborazo.” In Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador, edited by Whitten, Norman E., 506–34. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Oro, Ari Pedro 1990 “Religiones pentecostales y medios masivos de comunicación en Brasil.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 18, no. 3:45–56.Google Scholar
Padilla, Rene, ED. 1991 De la marginación al compromiso: los evangélicos y la política en América Latina. Buenos Aires: Fraternidad Teológica Latinoamericana.Google Scholar
Parker Gumucio, Christian 1986 Religion y clases subalternas urbanas en una sociedad dependiente. Louvain: Université Catholique de Louvain.Google Scholar
Paz, Octavio 1959 El laberinto de la soledad. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura EconómicaGoogle Scholar
Pietschmann, Horst 1980 Staat und Staatliche Evolution am Beginn der Spanischen Kolonisation Amerikas. Münster: Aschendorff. Spanish translation published by the Fondo de Cultura Económica in Mexico City in 1989.Google Scholar
Prien, Hans-JÜRgen 1978 Die Geschichte des Christentums in Lateinamerika. Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht.Google Scholar
Queiroz, Maria Isaura Pereira De 1968 Historia y etnología de los movimientos mesiánicos. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno.Google Scholar
Queiroz, Maria Isaura Pereira De 1986 “Evolução Religiosa e Criação: Os Cultos Sincréticos Brasileiros.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 25, no. 88:7–26.Google Scholar
Ramos, Marcos Antonio 1987 Panorama del protestantismo en Cuba. Miami, Fla.: Editorial Caribe.Google Scholar
Rappaport, Joanne 1984 “Las misiones protestantes y la resistencia indígena en el sur de Colombia.” América Indígena 44, no. 1:111–27 (published in Mexico City).Google Scholar
Reyes Novaes, Regina 1985 Os Escolhidos de Deus: Pentecostais, Trabalhadores e Cidadania. Cadernos do ISER no. 19. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Superior dos Estudos da Religião (ISER).Google Scholar
Rodrigues Brandão, Carlos 1986 Os Deuses do Povo: Un Estudo sobre a Religião Popular. São Paulo: Brasiliense.Google Scholar
Rodrigues Brandão, Carlos 1987 “Creencia e Identidad: Campo Religioso y Cambio Cultural.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 25, pt. 3, no. 93:65–106.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Jaime E. 1980 El nacimiento de Hispanoamérica: Vicente Rocafuerte y el hispanoamericanismo, 1808–1832. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Rolim, Francisco C. 1985 Pentecostais no Brazil: Uma Interpretação Socio-Religiosa. Petrópolis: Vozes.Google Scholar
Rouquie, Alain 1987 Amérique Latine: Introduction à l'Extrême-Occident. Paris: Seuil.Google Scholar
Saint Martin, Monique De 1984 “Quelques Questions a propos du pentecôtisme au Brésil.” Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, nos. 52–53 (June): 111–14 (published in Paris).Google Scholar
Samandu, Luis E. 1988 “El pentecostalismo en Nicaragua y sus raíces religiosas populares.” Pasos, no. 17 (May-June): 1–10 (published in San José, Costa Rica).Google Scholar
Samandu, Luis E. 1989 “Los pentecostalismos en América Central.” Aportes (June):34–35 (published in San José, Costa Rica).Google Scholar
Samandu, Luis E. 1991 “Religión e identidades en América Central.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 29, pt. 3, no. 109:67–86.Google Scholar
Santamaria, Daniel J. 1990 “Pentecostalismo e identidad étnica.” Cristianismo y Sociedad, 28, pt. 3, no. 105:7–13.Google Scholar
Santana, Roberto 1981 “El caso de Ecuarunari.” Nariz del Diablo, no. 2:30–38 (published in Quito by CIESE).Google Scholar
Santana, Roberto 1983 Campesinado indígena y el desafío de la modernidad. Quito: Centro Andino de Acción Popular.Google Scholar
Stoll, David 1982 Fishers of Men or Founders of Empire? The Wycliffe Bible Translators in Latin America. London: Zed.Google Scholar
Stoll, David 1984 “¿Con que derecho adoctrinan a nuestros indígenas? La polémica en torno al Instituto Linguístico de Verano.” América Indigena 44, no. 1:9–24 (published in Mexico City).Google Scholar
Stoll, David 1990 Is Latin America Turning Protestant? The Politics of Evangelical Growth, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Touraine, Alain 1988 La Parole et le sang: Politique et société en Amérique Latine. Paris: Odile Jacob.Google Scholar
Vargas Llosa, Mario 1989 “Entre la libertad y el miedo.” Vuelta, no. 147 (Feb.):15 (published in Mexico City).Google Scholar
Westmeier, Karl-Wilhelm 1986 “The Enthusiastic Protestants of Bogotá, Colombia.” International Review of Mission 75, no. 297 (Jan.): 13–24 (published in Geneva).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willems, Emile 1967 Followers of the New Faith: Future, Change, and the Rise of Protestantism in Brazil and Chile. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Pablo G. 1983 “Presencia protestante entre los aborígenes del Chaco argentino.” Scripta Antropologica 8:73–84 (published in Buenos Aires).Google Scholar
Wright, Pablo G. 1984 “Quelques Formes du chamanisme Toba.” Bulletin de la Société Suisse des Américanistes, no. 48:29–35 (published in Geneva).Google Scholar
Wright, Pablo G. 1988 “Tradición y aculturación en una organización socio-religiosa toba contemporánea.” Cristianismo y Sociedad 26, pt. 1, no. 95:71–88.Google Scholar