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Maras Transnacionales: Origins and Transformations of Central American Street Gangs

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De los Maras a los Zetas: Los secretos del narcotráfico, de Colombia a Chicago. By MenéndezJorge Fernández and RonquilloVíctor. Mexico City: Grijalbo/Mondadori, 2006. Pp. 290. MX$199 paper.
Hoy te toca la muerte: El imperio de las Maras visto desde dentro. By KlahrMarco Lara. Mexico City: Editorial Planeta, 2006, Pp. 346. $23.66 paper.
Ruta transnacional: A San Salvador por Los Ángeles: Espacios de interacción juvenil en un contexto migratorio. By GutiérrezJuan Carlos Narváez. Mexico City: Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas and Miguel Ángel Porrúa, 2007. Pp. 155. MX$160 paper.

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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

Sonja Wolf
Sonja Wolf*
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Abstract

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Type
Review Essays
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , 2010 , pp. 256 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by the Latin American Studies Association

References

1. See the four collective volumes Maras y pandillas en Centroamérica (Managua and San Salvador: UCA Editores, 2001–2006); José Miguel Cruz and Nelson Portillo Peña, Solidaridad y violencia en las pandillas del gran San Salvador: Más allá de la vida loca (San Salvador: UCA Editores, 1998); María Santacruz Giralt and Alberto Concha-Eastman, Barrio adentro: La solidaridad violenta de las pandillas (San Salvador: Instituto de Opinión Pública and Organización Panamericana de Salud, 2001); and Marcela Smutt and Lissette Miranda, El fenómeno de las pandillas en El Salvador (San Salvador: UNICEF and Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, 1998).

2. Nielan Barnes, Transnational Youth Gangs in Central America, Mexico and the United States: Executive Summary (Mexico City: Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, 2006), 8-9, available at http://interamericanos.itam.mx/maras/docs/Resumen_Ejecutivo_Ingles.pdf.

3. José Miguel Cruz, “El barrio transnacional: Las maras centroamericanas como red,” in Redes transnacionales en la Cuenca de los Huracanes, ed. Francis Pisani, Natalia Saltalamacchia, Arlene B. Tickner, and Nielan Barnes (Mexico City: Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México and Miguel Ángel Porrúa, 2007), 363–364.

4. On the difference between organized crime and street gangs, see Malcolm Klein and Cheryl Maxson, Street Gang Patterns and Policies (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 186.

5. Barnes, Transnational Youth Gangs, 8.

6. UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Crime and Development in Central America: Caught in the Crossfire (Mexico City: UN Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007), 64; U.S. Department of State, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report 2009 (Washington, D.C.: Department of State, 2009), 1: 252.

7. UN Office on Drugs and Crime, Crime and Development, 64; U.S. Department of Justice, National Drug Threat Assessment 2009 (Washington, D.C.: Department of Justice, 2009), 43–44.

8. Carlos Mario Perea Restrepo, Pandillas en México (Mexico City: Instituto Tecnológico Autonómo de México, 2006), 95–104, available at http://interamericanos.itam.mx/maras/ docs/Diagnostico_Mexico.pdf.

9. Christian Poveda, “Maras: La vida loca,” Le Monde Diplomatique-Mexico, April 2009, 18–20.

10. Federal Bureau of Investigation, The MS-13 Threat: A National Assessment (Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2008), available at http://www.fbi.gov/page2/jan08/ms13_011408.html.

11. Connie McGuire, Central American Youth Gangs in the Washington, DC Area (Mexico City: Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, 2006), 29, available at http://interamericanos.itam.mx/maras/docs/Diagnostico_Washington.pdf.

12. Sonja Wolf, “The Politics of Gang Control: NGO Advocacy in El Salvador” (Ph.D. diss., Aberystwyth University, 2008), chap. 5.