Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T00:53:48.634Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Import Substitution and Industrialization in Latin America: Experiences and Interpretations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2022

Werner Baer
Werner Baer*
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Throughout most of the fifties and sixties many latin american governments adopted Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) as their principal method to achieve economic growth and socio-economic modernization. By the opening of the Seventies, however, there is considerable doubt about ISI's success in solving the region's development problems. In many countries the possibilities for further import-substitution had disappeared. Industrial growth had slowed, job opportunities in industry for Latin America's rapidly growing urban population were scarce, income distribution had in many countries either remained unchanged or had become more concentrated than in the early post-World War II years, and most industrial goods produced within the region were priced so high that export possibilities were severely limited.

Type
Topical Review
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , Spring 1972 , pp. 95 - 122
Copyright
Copyright © 1972 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

*

The author wishes to thank David Felix, Andrea Maneschi, Carlos M. Pelaez, William Steel, and William O. Thweatt for many useful suggestions.

References

Baer, Werner 1962 The Puerto Rican Economy and U.S. Economic Fluctuations. Río Piedras.Google Scholar
Baer, Werner 1965 Industrialization and Economic Development in Brazil. Homewood, Ill.Google Scholar
Baer, Werner 1969 The Development of the Brazilian Steel Industry. Nashville, Tenn.Google Scholar
Baer, Werner and Kerstenetzky, I. 1971 The Brazilian Economy in the Sixties. In: Brazil in the Sixties. Riordan Roett, ed. Nashville, Tenn.Google Scholar
Baer, Werner and Maneschi, A. 1971 Import-Substitution, Stagnation and Structural Change: An Interpretation of the Brazilian Case. The Journal of Developing Areas (JDE). Jan.Google Scholar
Baranson, Jack 1969 Automotive Industries in Developing Countries. Baltimore. (Includes analysis of Argentinian, Brazilian, and Mexican Industries.)Google Scholar
Bergsman, Joel 1970 Brazil: Industrialization and Trade Policies. N.Y.Google Scholar
Bruton, Henry J. 1967 Productivity Growth in Latin America. American Economic Review (AER). Dec.Google Scholar
Bruton, Henry J. 1968 Import Substitution and Productivity Growth. Journal of Development Studies (JDS). April.Google Scholar
Bruton, Henry J. 1968 Export Growth and Import Substitution. Research Memorandum No. 22. Williams College, Center for Development Economics. Williamstown, Mass.Google Scholar
Bruton, Henry J. 1969 The Import Substitution Strategy of Economic Development: A Survey of Findings. Research Memorandum No. 27. Williamstown. (This is a survey of the findings of Williams College economists studying ISI in various parts of the world, including Latin America. The inclination of this survey and most Williams College researchers is more towards what I have called the “market critics.”)Google Scholar
Brodersohn, Mario S., ed. 1970 Estrategias de industrialización para la Argentina. Buenos Aires. (This volume contains articles both on ISI problems of Argentina and also on the general nature of ISI and its related problems.)Google Scholar
Cilingiroglu, Ayhan 1969 Manufacture of Heavy Electrical Equipment in Developing Countries. Baltimore. (Includes considerable information on Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico.)Google Scholar
Clague, Christopher 1970 The Determinants of Efficiency in Manufacturing Industries in an Underdeveloped Country. Economic Development and Cultural Change (EDCC). Jan. (Efficiency in Peruvian industries.)Google Scholar
Clark, Paul G. 1967 Brazilian Import Liberalization. Research Memorandum No. 14. Williamstown, Mass. Sept.Google Scholar
Clark, Paul G. 1967 Import Demand Functions for Brazil. Research Memorandum No. 15. Williamstown, Mass.Google Scholar
Clark, Paul G. and Weisskoff, Richard 1967 Import Demands and Import Policies in Brazil. Research Memorandum No. 8. Williamstown, Mass. Feb.Google Scholar
Cline, William R. 1970 The Potential Effect of Income Redistribution on Economic Growth in Six Latin American Countries. Mimeographed Discussion Paper No. 13. Princeton.Google Scholar
Dean, Warren 1969 The Industrialization of São Paulo, 1880-1945. Austin, Tex.Google Scholar
Devries, Barend A. 1967 The Export Experience of Developing Countries. Baltimore. (DeVries' statistical analysis also covers most Latin American countries.)Google Scholar
Diaz-Alejandro, Carlos F. 1965 On the Import Intensity of Import Substitution. Kyklos. 18: 495–511.Google Scholar
Diaz-Alejandro, Carlos F. 1966-67 An Interpretation of Argentine Economic Growth Since 1930. JDS. Oct. and Jan.Google Scholar
Diaz-Alejandro, Carlos F. 1970 Essays on the Economic History of the Argentine Republic. New Haven.Google Scholar
Dorfman, Adolfo 1967 La industrialización en la América Latina y las políticas de fomento. México.Google Scholar
Ellis, Howard S., ed. 1969 The Economy of Brazil. Berkeley and Los Angeles. (See especially articles by Bergsman and Candal, “Industrialization: Past Success and Future Problems”; and by Samuel A. Morley, “Import Demand and Import Substitution in Brazil.”)Google Scholar
Felix, David 1968 The Dilemma of Import Substitution—Argentina. In: Development Policy: Theory and Practice. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Felix, David 1969 Economic Development: Take Offs into Unsustained Growth. Social Research: 36: 2.Google Scholar
Felix, David 1970 Monetarists, Structuralists, and Import-Substituting Industrialization: A Critical Appraisal. In: Inflation and Growth in Latin America. Baer and Kerstenetzky, eds. Homewood, Ill. New printing, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Ferrer, Aldo 1963 La economía Argentina. México/Buenos Aires.Google Scholar
Furtado, Celso 1963 The Economic Growth of Brazil. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Furtado, Celso 1966 Subdesenvolvimento e estagnação na America Latina. Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Furtado, Celso 1968 Um projeto para o Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. (For a summary of Furtado's ideas on growth and stagnation in Latin America which are elaborated in various publications of his, see W. Baer, “Furtado on Development: A Review Essay,” JDA, Jan. 1969.)Google Scholar
Furtado, Celso and Maneschi, A. 1968 Urn modelo de simulação de desenvolvimento e estagnação na America Latina. RBE. June.Google Scholar
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) International Trade. (Annual volumes which contain excellent information on the performance of less developed countries in world markets.)Google Scholar
Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas 1970 Structural Inflation-Lock and Balanced Growth. Economies e Sociétés. 4: 3. Geneva.Google Scholar
Griffin, Keith 1970 Underdevelopment in Spanish America. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Grunwald, Joseph 1970 Some Reflections on Latin American Industrialization Policies. Journal of Political Economy (JPE). 78: 4: 826–856.Google Scholar
Grunwald, Joseph and Salazar, Jorge 1972 “Economic Integration, and Price and Value Comparisons in Latin America.” In: International Comparisons of Prices and Real Income: Studies in Income and Wealth. D. J. Daly, ed. N.Y.Google Scholar
Grunwald, Joseph and Musgrove, Philip 1970 Natural Resources in Latin American Development. Baltimore.Google Scholar
Harberger, A. C. 1970 Economic Policy Problems in Latin America: A Review. JPE. July/Aug., Part II.Google Scholar
Hirschman, Albert O. 1958 The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven.Google Scholar
Hirschman, Albert O. 1968 The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization. QJE. Feb.Google Scholar
Huddle, Donnald 1969 Postwar Brazilian Industrialization: Growth Patterns, Inflation, and Sources of Stagnation. In: The Shaping of Modern Brazil. Eric N. Baklanoff, ed. Baton Rouge.Google Scholar
Hunt, Shane J. 1969 Distribution, Growth, and Government Economic Behavior in Peru. (Mimeographed). Princeton.Google Scholar
International Labor Organization 1970 Hacia el pleno empleo: Un programa para Colombia preparado por una misión internacional organizada por la Oficina Internacional del Trabajo. Geneva.Google Scholar
Inter-American Development Bank 1970 Socio-Economic Progress in Latin America. Ninth Annual Report, 1969. Washington, D.C. (This issue contains a general review of Latin American economies in the Sixties.)Google Scholar
Johnson, Leland J. 1967 Problems of Import Substitution: The Chilean Automobile Industry. EDCC. Jan.Google Scholar
Kafka, Alexandre 1961 The Theoretical Interpretation of Latin American Economic Development. In: Economic Development for Latin America. Howard Ellis and Henry Wallich, eds. N.Y.Google Scholar
King, Timothy 1970 Mexico: Industrialization and Trade Policies Since 1940. N.Y.Google Scholar
Leff, Nathaniel 1968 The Brazilian Capital Goods Industry, 1929-1964. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Leff, Nathaniel 1967 Export Stagnation and Autarkic Development in Brazil. QJE. May.Google Scholar
Little, Ian, Scitovsky, Tibor and Scott, Maurice 1970 Industry Trade in Some Developing Countries. N.Y.Google Scholar
Lopes, Francisco 1969 Subsidios a formulação de um modelo de desenvolvimento e estagnação no Brasil. RBE. June.Google Scholar
Mamalakis, Markos Growth and Structure of the Chilean Economy: 1840-1968. (Mimeographed; soon to be published by Yale University Press).Google Scholar
Mamalakis, Markos and Reynolds, Clark W. 1965 Essays on the Chilean Economy. Homewood, Ill.Google Scholar
Macario, Santiago 1965 Protectionism and Industrialization in Latin America. Economic Bulletin for Latin America. March.Google Scholar
Morley, Samuel A. and Smith, Gordon W. 1970 On the Measurement of Import Substitution. AER. Sept.Google Scholar
Mosk, Sanford A. 1954 Industrial Revolution in Mexico. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Muñoz, Oscar 1968 An Essay on the Process of Industrialization in Chile Since 1914. Yale Economic Essays. Fall.Google Scholar
Pelaez, Carlos M. 1968 The State, the Great Depression and the Industrialization of Brazil. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University). N.Y.Google Scholar
Pelaez, Carlos M. 1968 A balança comercial, a grande depressão e a industralização Brasileira. RBE. Mar.Google Scholar
Pelaez, Carlos M. 1969 Açerca de politica governmental, da grande depressão e da industrialização no Brasil. RBE. Jul./Set.Google Scholar
Pelaez, Carlos M. 1970 O desenvolvimento da industria do aço no Brasil. RBE. Abr./Jun.Google Scholar
Prebisch, Raul 1970 Transformación y desarrollo: la gran tarea de América Latina. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Clark W. 1970 The Mexican Economy: Twentieth Century Structure and Growth. New Haven.Google Scholar
Robock, Stefan H. 1970 Industrialization through Import-Substitution or Export Industries: A False Dichotomy. In: Industrial Organization and Economic Development. J. W. Markham and G. F. Papanek, eds. Boston.Google Scholar
Sheahan, John 1968 Imports, Investment, and Growth. In: Development Policy: Theory and Practice. Gustav F. Papanek, ed. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Sheahan, John 1969 Criteria for Investment Allocation in Colombia. Center for Development Economics Research Memorandum No. 33. Williamstown. Nov.Google Scholar
Schydlowsky, Daniel M. 1967 From Import Substitution to Export Promotion for Semi-Grown-Up Industries: A Policy Proposal. JDS. July.Google Scholar
Scitovsky, Tibor 1969 Prospects for Latin American Industrialization within the Framework of Economic Integration: Bases for Analysis. In: The Process of Industrialization in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Stein, Stanley and Stein, Barbara H. 1970 The Colonial Heritage of Latin America. N.Y.Google Scholar
Strassmann, W. Paul. 1968 Technological Change and Economic Development: The Manufacturing Experience of Mexico and Puerto Rico. Ithaca, N.Y.Google Scholar
Tavares, Maria Conçeicáo 1964 Auge y declinación del proceso de sustitución de importaciones en el Brasil. Boletín Económico de América Latina. Mar.Google Scholar
Tendler, Judith 1968 Electric Power in Brazil: Entrepreneurship in the Public Sector. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) 1965 The Process of Industrialization in Latin America. N.Y.Google Scholar
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) 1969 Industrial Development in Latin America. Economic Bulletin for Latin America. 14: 2: 1–77.Google Scholar
UNCTAD 1968 Trade Prospects and Capital Needs of Developing Countries. N.Y.Google Scholar
Vanek, Jaroslav 1967 Estimating Foreign Resource Needs for Economic Development. N.Y. (Case Study of Colombia.)Google Scholar
Vernon, Raymond 1963 The Dilemma of Mexico's Development. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Vernon, Raymond 1964 (editor) Public Policy and Private Enterprise in Mexico. Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
Villela, Anibal V. 1971 Fontes de crescimento da economia Brasileira. (Mimeographed.)Google Scholar