Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T10:45:18.898Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

House, Street, Collective: Revolutionary Geographies and Gender Transformation in Nicaragua, 1979–99

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2022

Rosario Montoya*
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Boulder
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This article examines gender struggles surrounding two women's collectives in a Sandinista village as a way to illuminate microprocesses of gender transformation during the Sandinista period and its aftermath. It argues for an analytical approach sensitive to the specificity of gender relations in particular contexts and the ways these were affected by state policies. It demonstrates that men's opposition to women's participation was enabled by ambiguities in Sandinista gender ideology that allowed men to interpret the meanings of revolutionary masculinity in their own terms. By examining these ambiguities, the article shows that, while the revolution failed to dismantle structures of gender inequality, as critics have pointed out, its incorporation of women as class and national subjects into the nation-building project could destabilize local patriarchies.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

*

This article was written with support from a Charlotte Newcombe dissertation-writing fellowship, Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation; a resident fellowship from the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, Notre Dame University; and a Carley J. Hunt post-doctoral fellowship, Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. The following institutions supported the fieldwork on which this paper is based: Social Science Research Council, National Science Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, and the Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan. I also wish to thank LARR's anonymous reviewers and colleagues who commented on the manuscript at its various stages: Lessie Jo Frazier, Bridget Hayden, Janise Hurtig, Karen Kampwirth, Barry Lyons, Ellen Moodie, Roger Rouse, Michael Schroeder and Bilinda Straight. All proper names of respondents have been changed.

References

REFERENCES

Bayard De Volo, Lorraine 2001 Mothers of Heroes and Martyrs: Gender Identity Politics in Nicaragua, 1979–1999. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Shannon 1990The Political-Libidinal Economy of the Socialist Female Body: Flesh and Blood, Work and Ideas.” Dialectical Anthropology 15: 249258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabezas, Omar 1985 La montaña es algo más que una inmensa estepa verde. Managua: Editorial Nueva Nicaragua.Google Scholar
Chamorro, Amalia 1989 “La mujer: logros y límites en 10 años de revolución.” Cuadernos de Sociología nos. 9-10:117143.Google Scholar
Collinson, Helen, ed. 1990 Women and Revolution in Nicaragua. London: Zed Press.Google Scholar
COMUNIDAD DE CANTIMPLORA 1983 Cantimplora, una semilla plantada en buena tierra … Experiencia de recuperación histórico-cultural en una comunidad campesina nicaragüense. San José: Alforja-Movimiento de Expresión Artística y Teatral (MECATE).Google Scholar
Craske, Nikki 1999 Women and Politics in Latin America. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Deere, Carmen Diana 1983Cooperative Development and Women's Participation in the Nicaraguan Agrarian Reform.” American Agricultural Economics Association 65, no. 5: 1043–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FernÁNdez Poncela, Anna M. 1997Nicaraguan Women: Legal, Political and Social Spaces.” In Gender Politics in Latin America: Debates in Theory and Practice, edited by Dore, Elizabeth. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, Jo 1993 Out of the Shadows: Women, Resistance and Politics in South America. London: Latin America Bureau.Google Scholar
Fox, Geoffrey E. 1979Honor, Shame, and Women's Liberation in Cuba: Views of Working-Class Emigré Men.” In Female and Male in Latin America, edited by Pescatello, Ann. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
GonzÁLes, Victoria and Kampwirth, Karen, EDS. 2001 Radical Women in Latin America: Left and Right. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, Yolanda 1976 “El dilema de las campesinas.” Pensamiento Propio no. 60 (mayo):3840.Google Scholar
Hodges, Donald C. 1986 Intellectual Foundations of the Nicaraguan Revolution. Austin: University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampwirth, Karen 1998Legislating Personal Politics in Sandinista Nicaragua, 1979–1992.” Women's Studies International Forum 21, no. 1: 5364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kandiyoti, Deniz 1991Bargaining with Patriarchy.” In The Social Construction of Gender, edited by Lorbel, Judith and Farrell, Susan. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.Google Scholar
Lancaster, Roger 1988 Thanks to God and the Revolution: Popular Religion and Class Consciousness in the New Nicaragua. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Lancaster, Roger 1992 Life is Hard: Machismo, Danger, and the Intimacy of Power in Nicaragua. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Massey, Doreen 1994 Space, Place, and Gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Molyneaux, Maxine 1982Socialist Societies Old and New: Progress Toward Women's Emancipation?Monthly Review 34, no. 3: 56100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molyneaux, Maxine 1985aWomen.” In Nicaragua: The First Five Years, edited by Walker, Thomas. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Molyneaux, Maxine 1985bMobilization Without Emancipation? Women's Interests, the State, and Revolution in Nicaragua.” Feminist Studies 11, no. 2: 227–54.Google Scholar
Molyneaux, Maxine 1988The Politics of Abortion in Nicaragua: Revolutionary Pragmatism or Feminismin the Realm of Necessity?Feminist Review 29 (Spring):114–32.Google Scholar
Molyneaux, Maxine 1998Analysing Women's Movements.” Development and Change 29: 219–45.Google Scholar
MontÍS De, Malena 1996Power and Patriarchy: The Long Struggle to Forge a Coordinated Women's Movement in Nicaragua.” In Emergences: Women's Struggles for Livelihood in Latin America, edited by Friedmann, John, Abers, Rebecca, and Autler, Lilian. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin America Center Publications.Google Scholar
Montoya, Rosario 1995Liberation Theology and the Socialist Utopia of a Nicaraguan Shoemaker.” Social History 20, no. 1 (January):2343.Google Scholar
Montoya, Rosario 2002Women's Sexuality, Knowledge, Agency in Rural Nicaragua.” In Gender's Place: Feminist Anthropologies of Latin America, edited by Rosario Montoya et al. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montoya, Rosario n.d. “Dilemmas of Revolutionary Nation-Building in Sandinista Nicaragua.” (under review).Google Scholar
Montoya, Rosario n.d. Ambivalent Revolutionaries: Exemplarity and Contradiction in a Sandinista Model Village, Nicaragua, 1979–1999. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Cantimplora, Mujeres De Y Marcos, San 1985 Vamos aprendiendo a trabajar unidas: primer taller de mujeres, Cantimplora y San Marcos. San José: Publicaciones Alforja.Google Scholar
Cantimplora, Mujeres De Y CaÑA, Mata De 1986 Temas de discusión para los colectivos de mujeres de Cantimplora y Mata de Caña. San José: Alforja.Google Scholar
Murguialday, Clara 1990 Nicaragua, revolución y feminismo, 1977–89. Madrid: Editorial Revolución.Google Scholar
Olivera, Mercedes, MontÍS, Malena De, and Meassick, Mark 1992 Nicaragua: el poder de las mujeres. Managua: Cenzontle.Google Scholar
Palmer, Steven 1988Carlos Fonseca and the Construction of Sandinismo in Nicaragua.” Latin American Research Review 23, no. 1: 91109.Google Scholar
PÉRez AlemÁN, Paola 1990 Organización, identidad, y cambio: las campesinas en Nicaragua. Managua: Centro de Investigación y Acción para la Promocion de los Derechos de la Mujer.Google Scholar
Padilla, Martha Luz, Murguialday, Clara, and Criquillon, Ana 1987Impact of the Sandinista Agrarian Reform on Rural Women's Subordination.” In Rural Women and State Policy: Feminist Perspectives on Latin American Agricultural Development, edited by Carmen Diana Deere. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
PeÑA Baldelomar, Felix Y Rivas, Dirigentes Campesinos De 1988 Esta luz ya no se apaga: reflecciones sobre el trabajo organizativo en el campo. Managua: Vanguardia.Google Scholar
Poovey, Mary 1988 Uneven Developments. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, Margaret 1992 Gathering Rage: The Failure of 20th Century Revolutions to Develop a Feminist Agenda. New York: Monthly Review.Google Scholar
Randall, Margaret 1994 Sandino's Daughters Revisited: Feminism in Nicaragua. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
RodrÍGuez, Ileana 1994 House Garden Nation: Space, Gender, and Ethnicity in Post-Colonial Latin American Literatures by Women. Durham and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
RodrÍGuez, Ileana 1996 Women, Guerrillas and Love: Understanding War in Central America. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Stephen, Lynn 1997 Women and Social Movements in Latin America: Power from Below. Austin: University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ValdÉS Echenique, Teresa and Moraga, Enrique GomÁRiz 1995 Mujeres Latinoamericanas en Cifras. Santiago: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales.Google Scholar
Wessel, Lois 1991Reproductive Rights in Nicaragua: From the Sandinistas to the Government of Violeta Chamorro.” Feminist Studies 17, no. 3: 537549.Google Scholar