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¿Existen brechas salariales por género en Chile?: Descomposición de las diferencias salariales entre hombres y mujeres en el contexto de regresiones por cuantiles
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 September 2022
Resumen
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Este trabajo busca evaluar las brechas de salarios entre hombres y mujeres a partir de regresiones de cuantiles, utilizando los datos de la Encuesta de Protección Social 2002–2006. Las estimaciones realizadas toman en cuenta la potencial endogeneidad de la variable educación y se incluyen controles de experiencia laboral efectiva.
Se encuentra que el efecto características es pequeño y estadísticamente no significativo hasta aproximadamente el quintil 50 (mediana), donde se hace positivo (favorable a las mujeres) y crece monotónicamente hasta llegar a 12 por ciento en el percentil 90. El efecto parámetro (o componente no explicado) es siempre negativo a lo largo de toda la distribución. Notablemente, no encontramos un efecto techo en el mercado laboral chileno una vez que controlamos por la potencial endogeneidad de la variable educación. Las estimaciones intra-ocupación revelan que las mayores brechas de salarios se encuentran entre trabajadores del comercio y obreros y trabajadores agrícolas calificados.
Abstract
In this article, we use quantile regression decomposition methods to analyze the gender gap between men and women in Chile. The data used are drawn from the Social Protection Survey, 2002–2006. In our estimations, we control for actual labor market experience and use an instrumental variable to deal with the potential endogeneity bias in the education variable. Our decompositions show that most of the gender log wage gap is a result of differences between men and women in terms of the rates of return to labor market characteristics rather than a result of differences in those characteristics themselves. Moreover, the characteristics effect is small and not statistically different from zero until the 50th quantile, where the effect becomes positive and increases monotonically until it reaches 12 percent at the 90th quantile. However, the parameter effect is always negative throughout the distribution. Surprisingly, the glass-ceiling effect vanished after we used the instrumental variable for education. We also find that the wage gaps are higher among sales workers and qualified agricultural workers.
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- Copyright © 2010 by the Latin American Studies Association
Footnotes
Los autores agradecen el financiamiento del Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) de Chile a través del proyecto N° 11060204 “Evaluación de las Brechas Salariales entre Hombres y Mujeres en Chile”.
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