Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T07:22:21.231Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Environmental Citizenship in Latin America: Climate, Intermediate Organizations, and Political Subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

Ben Orlove ,
Renzo Taddei ,
Guillermo Podestá  and
Kenneth Broad
Ben Orlove
Affiliation:
Columbia University
Renzo Taddei
Affiliation:
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Guillermo Podestá
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Kenneth Broad
Affiliation:
University of Miami
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In recent decades, the impacts of climate on society and on human well-being have attracted increasing amounts of attention, and the forecasts that predict such impacts have become more accurate. Forecasts are now distributed and used more widely than they were in the past. This article reviews three cases of such use of forecasts in Latin America. It shows that in all cases, the users are concentrated in particular sectors and regions (agriculture in the Argentine pampas, fisheries on the Peruvian coast, water resources in northeastern Brazil) and that the forecasts are distributed not by government agencies but by intermediate organizations—semistatal organizations or nongovernmental organizations. It draws on the concept of environmental citizenship to discuss these cases and assesses them for such attributes of citizenship as equity, transparency, accountability, and promotion of collective goals. It traces the implications of these cases for the current era of global warming.

Resumo

Resumo

En décadas recientes, el impacto del clima en la sociedad y en el bienestar humano en general ha sido objeto de una atención creciente y las predicciones climáticas que anticipan ese impacto han devenido cada vez más exactas. Dichas predicciones se distribuyen ahora y se utilizan de manera más amplia que en el pasado. El presente artículo analiza tres casos en el que estas predicciones se utilizan en América Latina. Muestra cómo en todos ellos los usuarios se concentran en sectores y regiones específicas (el sector agrícola en la pampa argentina, las pesquerías de la costa peruana y los recursos hidráulicos en el noreste de Brasil) y constata que dichas predicciones son distribuidas no por agencias gubernamentales, sino por “organizaciones intermedias”, organizaciones semi-estatales u organizaciones no gubernamentales. El artículo utiliza el concepto de ciudadanía ambiental para discutir estos casos y los evalúa tomando en cuenta atributos del concepto de ciudadanía tales como equidad, transparencia, responsabilidad y promoción de objetivos colectivos. Establece asimismo las implicaciones que esos casos tienen en el contexto actual del calentamiento global.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 46 , Issue S1: Contemporary Debates on Ecology, Society, and Culture in Latin America , 2011 , pp. 115 - 140
Copyright
Copyright © 2011 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

We would like to thank a number of people for their assistance. Without the generous and patient cooperation of the staff of the Asociación Argentina de Consorcios Regionales de Experimentación Agrícola, the Instituto del Mar del Perú, and the Companhia de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos, we could not have written this article. Our colleagues at the Center for Research in Environmental Decisions (CRED) and the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), both at Columbia University, gave useful advice and direction during the research reported here and during the writing of this article. Fernando Ruiz Toranzo, João Lúcio de Oliveira, Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho, Eduardo Sávio Passos Rodrigues Martins, and Francisco Teixeira also provided valuable assistance. In addition, we benefited greatly from the thoughtful suggestions of the people who commented on earlier drafts of this article: the journal's special issue editors José Jouve-Martín and Marianne Schmink, and Andrés Barragán, Elvira J. Bomsonne, Monique Borgerhoff, Marisol de la Cadena, Don Donham, Joe Dumit, Jelmer Eerkens, Cristiana Giordano, Laura Graham, Frank Hirtz, James Holston, Fabiana Li, Beth Rose Middleton, Suzana Sawyer, Kevin Welch, and Li Zhang. We are grateful to the U.S. National Science Foundation, which supported the research discussed in this article through Grants NSF SES-0345840 and CNH-0709681, as well as the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Comitas Institute for Anthropological Study (CIFAS), which assisted the Brazilian portion of the research. Additional support was provided by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (Grant CRN-2031), which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant GEO-0452325).

References

Aranda, Martin 2009 “Evolution and State of the Art of Fishing Capacity Management in Peru: The Case of the Anchoveta Fishery.” Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 4 (2): 146–153.Google Scholar
Asociación Argentina de Consorcios Regionales de Experimentación Agrícola 2009 “Acerca de AACREA” (accessed August 15, 2009, at http://www.crea.org.ar/aacrea/site/PortalInstitucional-internet/Institucional/Acerca/Misi%F3n%20y%20Visi%F3n.html).Google Scholar
Barsky, Osvaldo, and Gelman, Jorge 2009 Historia del agro argentino: Desde la conquista hasta fines del siglo XX, 3rd ed. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana.Google Scholar
Beck, Ulrich 1986 Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Beck, Ulrich 2007 Weltrisikogesellschaft: Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Sicherheit. Frankfurt am Main: Suhr-kamp.Google Scholar
Béland, Daniel, and Hansen, Randall 2000 “Reforming the French Welfare State: Solidarity, Social Exclusion and the Three Crises of Citizenship.” West European Politics 23 (1): 47–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broad, Kenneth, Pfaff, Alex P., and Glantz, Michael H. 2002 “Effective and Equitable Dissemination of Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Forecasts: Policy Implications from the Peruvian Fishery during El Niño 1997–98.” Climatic Change 54 (4): 415–438.Google Scholar
Cohen, Jean L. 1999 “Changing Paradigms of Citizenship and the Exclusiveness of the Demos.” International Sociology 14 (3): 245–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, Kenneth M., and Davis, Charles L. 1983 “Preemptive Reform and the Mexican Working Class.” Latin American Research Review 18 (1): 3–31.Google Scholar
Companhia de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos 2009 “Portal” (accessed June 11, 2009, at http://portal.cogerh.com.br/categoria2/historico).Google Scholar
Coronil, Fernando 1997 The Magical State: Nature, Money, and Modernity in Venezuela. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
DaSilva, Joaquim, Garanganga, Brad, Teveredzi, Vonai, Marx, Sabine M., Mason, Simon J., and Connor, Stephen J. 2004 “Improving Epidemic Malaria Planning, Preparedness and Response in Southern Africa.” Malaria Journal 3 (37) (accessed November 24, 2009, at http://www.malariajournal.com/content/3/1/37; doi:10.1186/1475-2875-3-37).Google Scholar
Dobson, Andrew, and Bell, Derek, eds. 2006 Environmental Citizenship. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.Google Scholar
Falleti, Tulia G. 2005 “A Sequential Theory of Decentralization: Latin American Cases in Comparative Perspective.” American Political Science Review 99 (3): 327–346.Google Scholar
Garjulli, Rosana, de Oliveira, João Lúcio Farias, da Cunha, Marcos André Lima, de Souza, Edcarlos Rulim, and Folhes, Marcelo Theófilo 2002 Projeto Marca d‘Água, relatórios preliminares: A bacia do Rio Jaguaribe, Ceará-2001. Brasília: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Políticas Públicas and Projeto Marca d‘Água.Google Scholar
Glenn, Evelyn 2000 “Citizenship and Inequality: Historical and Global Perspectives.” Social Problems 47 (1): 1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holston, James 2008 Insurgent Citizenship: Disjunction of Democracy and Modernity in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Instituto del Mar del Perú 2008 Plan estratégico institucional 2009–2011 (accessed September 9, 2009, at http://www.imarpe.gob.pe/imarpe/archivos/informes/imarpe_pei_peiconsolidado_09_11.pdf).Google Scholar
Jagers, Sverker C. 2009 “In Search of the Ecological Citizen.” Environmental Politics 18 (1): 18–36.Google Scholar
Kasa, Sjur, Gullberg, T., and Heggelund, G⊘rild 2008 “The Group of 77 in the International Climate Negotiations: Recent Developments and Future Directions.” International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 8 (2): 113–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauneckis, Derek, and Andersson, Krister 2009 “Making Decentralization Work: A Cross-National Examination of Local Governments and Natural Resource Governance in Latin America.” Studies in Comparative International Development 44 (1): 23–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laurance, William F. 2008 “Can Carbon Trading Save Vanishing Forests?” Bioscience 58 (4): 286–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leydet, Dominique 2006 “Citizenship.” In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, winter ed., edited by Edward N. Zalta (accessed November 17, 2009, at http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2006/entries/citizenship).Google Scholar
Marshall, Thomas H. 1950 Citizenship and Social Class, and Other Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ng'weno, Bettina 2007 Turf Wars: Territory and Citizenship in the Contemporary State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orlove, Ben 1993 “Putting Race in Its Place: Order in Colonial and Post-Colonial Peruvian Geography.” Social Research 60 (2): 301–336.Google Scholar
Orlove, Ben 1998 “Down to Earth: Race and Substance in the Andes.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 17 (2): 207–222.Google Scholar
Ozouf, Mona 1997 “Liberté, égalité, fraternité Stands for Peace, Country and War.” In Les France: De l'archive à l'emblème. Vol. 3, Les lieux de mémoire, edited by Nora, Pierre, 4353–4389. Paris: Quarto Gallimard.Google Scholar
Plotkin, Mariano 2001 Freud in the Pampas: The Emergence and Development of a Psychoanalytic Culture in Argentina. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
“¿Por qué rindió tan poco el trigo?” 2009 Revista AACREA 342:60–65.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam 2009 “Conquered or Granted? A History of Suffrage Extensions.” British Journal of Political Science 39 (2): 291–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sassen, Saskia 2006 Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Mark J. 1998 Ecologism: Towards Ecological Citizenship. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Swyngedouw, Erik 2005 “Governance Innovation and the Citizen: The Janus Face of Governance-beyond-the-State.” Urban Studies 42 (11): 1991–2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, Eliza, Garman, Christopher da C. B., and Haggard, Stephan 1999 “The Politics of Decentralization in Latin America.” Latin American Research Review 34 (1): 7–56.Google Scholar
Wong, Sam, and Sharp, Liz 2009 “Making Power Explicit in Sustainable Water Innovation: Re-Linking Subjectivity, Institution and Structure through Environmental Citizenship.” Environmental Politics 18 (1): 37–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yashar, Deborah J. 1999 “Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America.” World Politics 52 (1): 76–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar