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The Casa and the Causa: Institutional Histories and Cultural Politics in Brazilian Land Reform

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

Wendy Wolford
Wendy Wolford*
Affiliation:
Cornell University
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Abstract

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Land reform has been one of the most contentious issues in Brazilian political history. Government administrations since the 1960s have adopted the banner of reform, and the country has implemented vast colonization and redistribution programs, but the objectives and the effects of those programs have varied widely. Throughout this long history, considerable scholarship has focused on the programs themselves as well as on the increasingly radical social movements that have fought for more enduring reform. Most of this work, however, has invoked the state as the site of policy making and political direction and paid little attention to the state workers responsible for actually implementing reform. In this article, I present a qualitative analysis of the agency in charge of land distribution and settlement since 1970, the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA). I argue that understanding the politics of reform requires attention to the political culture within INCRA, which can only be explained through examination of the agency's long history as first a tool of frontier colonization and then a response to social mobilization.

Resumo

Resumo

A reforma agrária tem sido uma das questões mais controversas na história política brasileira. Administrações executivos desde os anos 1960 adotaram a bandeira da reforma, e o país tem implementado vastos programas de colonização e de redistribuição, mas os objetivos e os efeitos desses programas têm variado muito. Ao longo desta longa história, muito pesquisa concentrou-se nos próprios programas, bem como nos movimentos sociais cada vez mais radicais que lutaram para a reforma mais duradoura. A maior parte deste trabalho, no entanto, invoca o estado como o “site” da formulação de políticas e direção política e prestou pouca atenção aos trabalhadores dentro do Estado responsáveis pela execução efetiva de reforma. Neste artigo, apresento uma análise qualitativa do órgão responsável pela distribuição de terras desde 1970, o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA). Defendo que a compreensão das políticas de reforma requer a atenção para a política cultural dentro do INCRA, que só pode ser explicada através dum analise da longa história da agência como primeiro instrumento de colonização da fronteira e, em seguida, uma resposta à mobilização social.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , 2016 , pp. 24 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Latin American Studies Association

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