Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T02:39:06.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Regionalism and Domestic Politics: U.S.-Latin American Trade Policy in the Bush Era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Richard E. Feinberg
Richard E. Feinberg*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies, University of California, San Diego
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

With remarkable success, Latin Americans have sought to impose their free trade policy agenda on a very reluctant and internally fractious United States. They have an ally in President George W. Bush, whose senior appointments notably support hemispheric trade integration even as political pressures sometimes have yielded protectionist outcomes. Bush's trade negotiator, Robert Zoellick, pursues a doctrine of competitive liberalization while accepting some linkage between trade and social and political goals. In negotiating the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), the administration will have to balance many domestic pressures without alienating Latin America. Ultimately, FTAA ratification will signal a new Western Hemisphere economic-security alliance for the twenty-first century.

Type
Policy Issues
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 44 , Issue 4 , Winter 2002 , pp. 127 - 151
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alden, Edward. 2001. Trading Nations Count the Cost of Fast-Track. Financial times (London), December 10: 8.Google Scholar
Alden, Edward. 2002. Corporate Apathy Shackles Step to Freer Trade. Financial times, May 14: 5.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Robert, and Christopher, Magee. 2000. Congressional Trade Votes: From NAFTA Approval to Fast-Track Defeat Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Bernal, Richard. 1996. Strategic Global Repositioning of Small, Developing Economies in the Caribbean and Central America. Paper prepared for the Eminent Persons Group on Small Economies, San José, Costa Rica, November 22–24.Google Scholar
Bhagwati, Jagdish. 2002. Free Trade Today Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor, ed. 2001. Regional Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Political Economy of Open Regionalism London: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burki, Shahid Javed, Guillermo, Perry, and Sara, Clavo, eds. 1998. World Bank Conference on Development in Latin America and the Caribbean Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Bush, George W. 2002. Remarks at Signing of the Trade Act of 2002. the White House, August 6. Available at http:www.whitehouse.govnewsrelease20020820020806-4.html.Google Scholar
Butelmann, Andrea, and Patricio, Meller. 1995. Evaluation of a Chile-U.S. Free Trade Agreement. In Trade Liberalization in the Western Hemisphere. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank/U.N. Economic Commission on Latin America and the Caribbean.. 362–63.Google Scholar
Chen, Kathy, and Neil, King 2002. Workers Gain in Trade Equation. Wall Street Journal, May 13: A4.Google Scholar
Dam, Kenneth. 1970. The GATT: Law and International Economic Organization Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Devlin, Robert, and Ricardo, Ffrench-Davis. 1999. Toward an Evaluation of Regional Integration in Latin America in the 1990s. World Economy 22, 2 (March): 261–90.Google Scholar
Elliot, Kimberly Ann, and Gary, C. Hufbauer 2002. Ambivalent Multilateralism and the Emerging Backlash: The IMF and WTO. In Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy: Ambivalent Engagement, ed. Stewart, Patrick and Shepard, Forman. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. 377–413.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard E. 1997. Summitry in the Americas Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard E. 2002. Rallying the Americas. Financial times, August 7: 11.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard E., and Javier, Corrales. 1999. Regimes of Cooperation in the Western Hemisphere: Power, Interests and Intellectual Traditions. International Studies Quarterly 43, 1 (March): 1–36.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard E., and Jenny, Bates. 2001. Why the FTAA Needs a Democracy Clause. Paper. Washington, DC: Progressive Policy Institute. February.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Richard E., and Robin, Rosenberg, 2002. Bush Getting It Right in Latin America So Far. Miami Herald January 27.Google Scholar
Gaviria, César. 2001. Integration and Interdependence in the Americas. In Toward Free Trade in the Americas, ed. José, M. Salazar-Xirinachs and Maryse, Robert. Washington, DC: Organization of American States/Inter-American Dialogue. 303–15.Google Scholar
Hufbauer, Gary C., Jeffrey, Schott, and Barbara, Kotschwar. 1999. U.S. Interests in Free Trade in the Americas. In The United States and the Americas: A Twenty-first Century View, ed. Albert, Fishlow and James, Jones. New York: W. W. Norton/American Assembly. 58–78.Google Scholar
Hurrell, Andrew. 2001. The Politics of Regional Integration in Mercosur. in Bulmer-Thomas 2001 194–211.Google Scholar
Jatar, Ana Julia, and Sidney, Weintraub, eds. 1997. Integrating the Hemisphere: Perspectives from Latin America and the Caribbean Washington, DC: Inter-American Dialogue.Google Scholar
Kahn, Joseph, and David, Sanger. 2002. Bush Officials Meet to Seek a Compromise on Steel Tariffs. New York times, March 1: C1.Google Scholar
Korzeniewicz, Roberto Patricio, and William, C. Smith 2001. Protest and Collaboration: Transnational Civil Society Networks and the Politics of Summitry and Free Trade in the Americas. Agenda Paper 51. Coral Gables: North-South Center. September.Google Scholar
Lizano, Eduardo, and José, M. Salazar-Xirinachs. The Central American Common Market and Hemispheric Free Trade. in Jatar and Weintraub 1997 111–35.Google Scholar
Mackay, Donald. 2002. Challenges Confronting the Free Trade Area of the Americas. Policy Paper FPP-02–7. Ottawa: Canadian Foundation for the Americas.Google Scholar
Mercosur, 1996. Presidential Declaration on the Democratic Commitment in Mercosur. June.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Alison. 2002. White House and Senate in Trade Accord. New York times, May 10: A24.Google Scholar
New York times 2001. December 7: A20.Google Scholar
Office of the United States Trade Representative (Ustr) 2001. International Trade Legislative Agenda USTR. http:www.ustr.gov.Google Scholar
Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). 2002a. Proposed U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement. Fact sheet. Washington, Dc: Ustr.Google Scholar
Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). 2002b. Statement regarding Recent Meeting between Ustr Robert Zoellick and the President of Uruguay, Jorge Batlle. February 15.Google Scholar
Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). 2002c. Senior Ustr official. Author telephone interview. March.Google Scholar
Organization of American States (Oas). General Assembly 2001. Inter-American Democracy Charter. September 11 OAS. http:www.oas.org.Google Scholar
Roett, Riordan. 2001. U.S. Policy toward Western Hemisphere Integration. in Bulmer-Thomas 2001 212–33.Google Scholar
Salazar-Xirinachs, José M. 2002. A Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Central America: Background and Prospects. Remarks made at the conference “Negotiating Free Trade in the Hemisphere,” sponsored by the Inter-American Dialogue. Washington, Dc, February 20.Google Scholar
Salazar-Xirinachs, José, and José, Jr. 1999. The Free Trade Area of the Americas: a Latin American Perspective. World Economy 22, 6 (August): 783–98.Google Scholar
Schott, Jeffrey, and Gary, C. Hufbauer 1999. Whither the Free Trade Area of the Americas World Economy 22, 6 (August): 778–82.Google Scholar
Tussie, Diana. 1998. Globalization and World Trade: from Multilateralism to Regionalism. Oxford Development Studies 26, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2002. Venezuela: Change of Government. Press release. April 12.Google Scholar
U.S. Senate. Finance Committee 2002. Fact Sheet on Baucus-Grassley fast track legislation. May 10. http:finance.senate.gov.Google Scholar
Zoellick, Robert. 199596. Congress and the Making of U.S. Foreign Policy. Survival 41, 4 (Winter).Google Scholar
Zoellick, Robert. 2000. Campaign 2000: a Republican Foreign Policy. Foreign Affairs 79, 1 (Spring).Google Scholar
Zoellick, Robert. 2001a. Free Trade and Hemispheric Hope. Remarks before the Council of the Americas. Washington, Dc, May 7.Google Scholar
Zoellick, Robert. 2001b. The United States, Europe, and the World Trading System. Remarks before the Kangaroo Group. Strasbourg, May 15.Google Scholar
Zoellick, Robert. 2001c. American Trade Leadership: What Is at Stake. Remarks before the Institute for International Economics. Washington, Dc, September 24.Google Scholar
Zoellick, Robert. 2002. Statement before the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate. February 6. http:www.ustr.gov.Google Scholar