Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T19:02:12.818Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hooking Workers and Hooking Votes: Enganche, Suffrage, and Labor Market Dualism in Latin America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Matthew E. Carnes
Matthew E. Carnes*
Affiliation:
Georgetown University [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Labor market dualism—the segmentation of workers between formal, legally protected employment and informal, unprotected status—has long drawn attention from scholars and policymakers in Latin America. This article argues that lasting patterns of economic and political segmentation of workers arose earlier in the region’s history than has previously been understood, well before the classic “incorporation” period. Late-nineteenth-century practices for the recruitment and retention of workers shaped Latin America’s first sets of labor laws, most notably those governing union organization and individual worker job stability. Subsequently, these first laws served as important templates for development, constraining and conditioning the labor codes adopted under mass-based politics. Using historical data drawn from Chile, Peru, and Argentina, this article shows how differing recruitment practices and variation in the extension of effective suffrage rights and electoral participation shaped early legal labor market segmentation and inequality in Latin America.

Type
Research
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , Summer 2014 , pp. 93 - 114
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Altamirano, Carlos. 2001. Bajo el signo de las masas (1943–1973). Biblioteca del pensamiento argentino, vol. 6. Buenos Aires: Ariel.Google Scholar
Angell, Alan. 1972. Politics and the Labour Movement in Chile. London: Oxford University Press/Royal Institute of International Affairs.Google Scholar
Bernedo, Jorge. 1990. Empleo y crisis: una visión general. In El empleo en el Perú: diagnósticos y propuestas, ed. Bernedo, . Lima: ADEC-ATC/Asociación Laboral para el Desarrollo.Google Scholar
Brass, Tom. 1999. Toward a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labor: Case Studies and Debates. London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Bronstein, Arturo. 1990. Protection against Unjustified Dismissal in Latin America. International Labour Review 129, 5: 593–610.Google Scholar
Bronstein, Arturo. 1995. Societal Change and Industrial Relations in Latin America: Trends and Prospects. International Labour Review 134, 2, 163–86.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Paul G. 2008. Preauthoritarian Institutions and Postauthoritarian Outcomes: Labor Politics in Chile and Uruguay. Latin American Politics and Society 50, 1 (Spring): 59–89.Google Scholar
Caraway, Teri. 2012. Pathways of Dominance and Displacement: the Varying Fates of Legacy Unions in New Democracies. World Politics 64, 2: 278–305.Google Scholar
Carnes, Matthew E. 2014. Continuity Despite Change: The Politics of Labor Regulation in Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rivas, Castro, Manuel, Víctor. 1981. Evolución histórica de la legislación sobre estabilidad laboral en el Perú, 1901–1981. Organización Internacional de Trabajo. Lima: Centro Interamericano de Administración del Trabajo.Google Scholar
Chang Rodríguez, Eugenio. 1958. Chinese Labor Migration into Latin America in the Nineteenth Century. Revista de Historia de América 46: 375–97.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Collier, David. 1977. Who Does What, to Whom, and How: Toward a Comparative Analysis of Latin American Corporatism. In Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America, ed. Malloy, James. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 489–511.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Collier, David. 1979. Inducements versus Constraints: Disaggregating Corporatism. American Political Science Review 73, 4: 967–86.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins, and Collier, David. 2002. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, The Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Colomer, Josep. 2004. Taming the Tiger: Voting Rights and Political Instability in Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society 46, 2 (Summer): 29–58.Google Scholar
Cook, Maria Lorena. 2007. The Politics of Labor Reform in Latin America: Between Flexibility and Rights. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Córdova, Efrén. 1969. The Check-off System: a Comparative Study. International Labour Review 99, 5: 463–91.Google Scholar
Córdova, Efrén. 1972. Labour Legislation and Latin American Development: a Preliminary Review. International Labour Review 106: 445–74.Google Scholar
Córdova, Efrén. 1975. Prospects for Harmonizing Latin American Labour Law. International Labour Review 112, 4: 291–307.Google Scholar
Córdova, Efrén. 1986. From Full-Time Wage Employment to Atypical Employment: a Major Shift in the Evolution of Labour Relations? International Labour Review 125, 6: 641–57.Google Scholar
Córdova, Efrén. 1993. Some Reflections on the Overproduction of International Labor Standards. Comparative Labor Law Journal 14, 2: 138–62.Google Scholar
Cortés Conde, Roberto. 2005. La economía política de la Argentina en el siglo XX. Buenos Aires: Edhasa.Google Scholar
DeShazo, Peter. 1983. Urban Workers and Labor Unions in Chile, 1902–1927. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Di Tella, Torcuato S. 2003. Perón y los sindicatos: el inicio de una relación conflictiva. Buenos Aires: Ariel.Google Scholar
Edwards, Alejandra Cox. 1997. Labor Market Regulation in Latin America: An Overview. In Labor Markets in Latin America: Combining Social Protection with Market Flexibility, ed. Edwards, Sebastián and Lustig, Nora C.. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 127–50.Google Scholar
Engerman, Stanley L., and Sokoloff, Kenneth L.. 2005. The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World. Journal of Economic History 65, 4: 891–921.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, Edward C. 1979. Control and Co-optation of the Argentine Labor Movement. Economic Development and Cultural Change 27, 3: 445–65.Google Scholar
Etchemendy, Sebastián, and Berins Collier, Ruth. 2007. Down but Not out: Union Resurgence and Segmented Neocorporatism in Argentina (2003–2007). Politics & Society 35, 3: 363–401.Google Scholar
Flores Galindo, Alberto. 1993. Los mineros de la Cerro de Pasco, 1900–1930. Lima: Casa de Estudios del Socialismo.Google Scholar
Galiani, Sebastián, and Gerchunoff, Pablo. 2003. The Labor Market. In The New Economic History of Argentina, ed. della Paolera, Gerardo and Taylor, Alan M.. New York: Cambridge University Press. 122–69.Google Scholar
Godio, Julio. 2000. Historia del movimiento obrero argentino: 1870–2000. 2 vols. Buenos Aires: Corregidor.Google Scholar
González, Michael. 1989. Chinese Plantation Workers and Social Conflict in Late 19th Century Peru. Journal of Latin American Studies 21, 3: 385–424.Google Scholar
Haber, Stephen H., Maurer, Noel, and Razo, Armando. 2003. The Politics of Property Rights: Political Instability, Credible Commitments, and Economic Growth in Mexico, 1876– 1929. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephen, and Kaufman, Robert R.. 2008. Development, Democracy, and Welfare States: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Levitsky, Steven. 2003. Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America: Argentine Peronism in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lobato, Mirta Zaida. 1998. La vida en las fábricas: trabajo, protesta, y política en una comunidad obrera, Berisso, 1907–70. Ph.D. diss., Universidad de Buenos Aires.Google Scholar
Matsushita, Hiroshi. 1983. Movimiento obrero argentino, 1930–1945: sus proyecciones en los orígenes del peronismo. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veinte.Google Scholar
Monteón, Michael. 1979. The Enganche in the Chilean Nitrate Sector, 1880–1930. Latin American Perspectives 6, 3: 66–79.Google Scholar
Morris, James O. 1966. Elites, Intellectuals, and Consensus: A Study of the Social Question and the Industrial Relations System in Chile. Ithaca: New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Murillo, María Victoria. 2005. Partisanship amidst Convergence: the Politics of Labor Reform in Latin America. Comparative Politics 37, 4: 441–58.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Thomas F. 1996. The Revolutionary Mission: American Enterprise in Latin America, 1900–1945. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Oficina Internacional del Trabajo (OIT). 1928. Legislación social en América Latina. Vol. 1. Geneva: OIT.Google Scholar
Paredes, Maritza. 2008. Weak Indigenous Politics in Peru. CRISE Working Paper no. 33 (April). Oxford: Center for Research on Inequality, Human Security, and Ethnicity, Department of International Development, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Poblete-Troncoso, Moisés. 1928a. Labour Legislation in Latin America: I. International Labour Review 17: 51–67.Google Scholar
Poblete-Troncoso, Moisés. 1928b. Labour Legislation in Latin America: Ii. International Labour Review 17: 204–30.Google Scholar
Poblete-Troncoso, Moisés, and Burnett, Ben. 1960. The Rise of the Latin American Labor Movement. New York: Bookman Associates.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 2009. Conquered or Granted? a History of Suffrage Extensions. British Journal of Political Science 39, 2: 291–321.Google Scholar
Thorp, Rosemary, and Bertram, Geoffrey. 1978. Peru, 1890–1977: Growth and Policy in an Open Economy. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Torre, Juan Carlos. 2006. La vieja guardia sindical y Perón: sobre los orígenes del peronismo. Buenos Aires: Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, J. Samuel. 1979. Labor Movement Formation and Politics: the Chilean and French Cases in Comparative Perspective, 1850–1950. Ph.D. diss., Department of Sociology, Columbia University.Google Scholar
Valenzuela, J. Samuel. 2004. Making Sense of Suffrage Expansion and Electoral Institutions in Latin America: a Comment on Colomer's “Tiger.” Latin American Politics and Society 46, 2 (Summer): 59–67.Google Scholar
Wiarda, Howard. 1978. Corporative Origins of the Iberian and Latin American Labor Relations Systems. Studies in Comparative International Development 13, 1: 3–37.Google Scholar
Yepez del Castillo, Isabel, and Bernedo Alvarez, Jorge. 1985. La sindicalización en el Perú. Lima: Fundación Friederich Ebert/Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica.Google Scholar