Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T22:52:00.319Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Erosion of Racial Equality in the Context of Cuba's Dual Economy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Sarah A Blue
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Scholars of Cuba have long linked Afro-Cubans' fate to the revolutionary government. As the government's influence on people's daily lives has declined over the past decade, the question arises of whether Afro-Cubans have sustained the gains they achieved in the revolution's first 30 years. This article uses survey data, collected in December 2000 from 334 Cuban families in Havana, to assess the impact of the post-1993 economic reforms on rising racial inequality in Cuba. It asks whether racial inequities occur in accessing dollars through state employment, self-employment, or remittances, and whether educational gains are tied to higher income. Results indicate that the structural means through which racial discrimination was once virtually eliminated through equal access to education and employment, and through which income levels became equalized according to educational level regardless of racial group, has lost its equalizing force in contemporary Cuba.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , Fall 2007 , pp. 35 - 68
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Blackburn, Robin. 1989. Prologue to the Cuban Revolution. In The Cuba Reader: The Making of a Revolutionary Society, ed. Philip, Brenner, William, M. LeoGrande, Donna, Rich, and Daniel, Siegel. New York: Grove Press. 42–51.Google Scholar
Blue, Sarah. 2004. Socio-Economic Costs of Global Integration: Remittances, the Informal Economy, and Rising Inequality in Contemporary Cuba. Ph.D. diss., University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Brundenius, Claes. 2002. Whither the Cuban Economy after Recovery? the Reform Process, Upgrading Strategies and the Question of Transition. Journal of Latin American Studies 34: 365–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casal, Lourdes. 1989. Race Relations in Contemporary Cuba. In The Cuba Reader: The Making of a Revolutionary Society, ed. Philip, Brenner, LeoGrande, William M., Donna, Rich, and Siegel, Daniel. New York: Grove Press. 471–86.Google Scholar
Cia World FactBook. 2006. http://www.cia.govlibrarypublicationsthe-world-fact-bookgeoscu.html. #People Accessed November 16, 2006.Google Scholar
De laFuente, Alejandro. 1998. Recreating Racism: Race and Discrimination in Cuba's “Special Period.” Georgetown University Cuba Briefing Paper Series no. 18. Washington, DC: Caribbean Project, Center for Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
De la Fuente, Alejandro. 2001. A Nation for All: Race, Inequality, and Politics in Twentieth-Century Cuba. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
De la Fuente, Alejandro, and Glasco, Laurence. 1997. Are Blacks “Getting Out of Control”? Racial Attitudes, Revolution, and Political Transition in Cuba. In Toward a New Cuba?: Legacies of a Revolution, ed. Centeno, Miguel A. and Mauricio, Font. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. 53–71.Google Scholar
Díaz-Briquets, Sergio, and Jorge, Pérez-López. 1997. Refugee Remittances: Conceptual Issues and the Cuban and Nicaraguan Experiences. International Migration Review 31, 2: 411–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Díaz Fernández, Marta, and Aja Díaz, Antonio. 2000. Análisis comparativo de la emigración cubana hacia Estados Unidos según año de entrada. Anuario CEAP 1997–1998: Emigración cubana. Havana: Centro de Estudios de Alternativas Políticas, Universidad de La Habana. 54–79.Google Scholar
Inter-University Program for Latino Research. 2004. Race for Hispanic Country of Origin by Regional Division and State in Census 2000. Table 5: Race for Cuban by State. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame. http://www.nd.edu-iuplrcichis_org_9-02ethenic_id_data.html Accessed November 10, 2006.Google Scholar
Jatar-Hausmann, Ana Julia. 1999. The Cuban Way: Capitalism, Communism, and Confrontation. Boulder: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
LeoGrande, William M., and Julie, M. Thomas. 2002. Cuba's Quest for Economic Independence. Journal of Latin American Studies 34, 2: 325–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGarrity, Gayle, and Osvaldo, Cárdenas. 1995. Cuba. In No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans Today, ed. Minority Rights Group. London: Minority Rights Publications. 77–107.Google Scholar
Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. 2000. Market, Socialist, and Mixed Economies: Comparative Policy and Performance—Chile, Cuba, and Costa Rica. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monreal, Pedro. 1999a. Sea Changes: the New Cuban Economy. NACLA Report on the Americas 32, 5: 21–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monreal, Pedro. 1999b. Migraciones y remasas familiares: veinte hipótesis sobre el caso de Cuba. Centro de Investigaciones de Economía Internacional (Ciei), Universidad de La Habana. Photocopy.Google Scholar
Monreal, Pedro. 2002. Development as an Unfinished Affair: Cuba after the “Great Adjustment” of the 1990s. Latin American Perspectives 29, 3: 75–90.Google Scholar
Moore, Carlos. 1991. Castro, the Blacks, and Africa. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California.Google Scholar
Pérez-López, Jorge F. 2004. Foreign Investment in Cuba. In The Cuban Economy, ed. Archibald, R. M. Ritter. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 146–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pérez Sarduy, Pedro. 1998. Qué tienen los negros en Cuba América Negra 15: 217–28.Google Scholar
Peters, Philip. 1999. Hard Currency Payments to Workers Boost Buying Power for Many Cubans. Cuba News, May. http://www.lexingtoninstitute.orgcubacubanews599.asp Accessed November 16, 2006.Google Scholar
Peters, Philip. 1999. Hard Currency Payments to Workers Boost Buying Power for Many Cubans. Cuba News, May http://www.lexingtoninstitute.orgcubacubanews599.asp Accessed November 16, 2006.Google Scholar
Peters, Philip. 2004. De-Dollarization. Cuba Policy Report no. 13 (October 29). http://www.lexingtoninstitute.orgcubanewsletter041029newsletter.asp Accessed November 16, 2006.Google Scholar
Ritter, Archibald R. M. 2004. The Cuban Economy in the Twenty-first Century: Recuperation or Relapse? In The Cuban Economy, ed. Ritter, . Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 3–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saney, Isaac. 2004. Cuba: A Revolution in Motion. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Sawyer, Mark. 2005. Racial Politics in Post-Revolutionary Cuba. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Segal, Ronald. 1995. The Black Diaspora: Five Centuries of the Black Experience Outside of Africa. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Uriarte, Miren. 2002. Cuba—Social Policy at the Crossroads: Maintaining Priorities, Transforming Practice. Boston: Oxfam America.Google Scholar