Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T17:09:22.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Distributive Politics in Developing Federal Democracies: Compensating Governors for Their Territorial Support

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Lucas I. González
Affiliation:
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Universidad Nacional de San Martín and Católica Argentina. [email protected]
Ignacio Mamone
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh. [email protected]

Abstract

Using original data from the period 1999–2011 on federal infrastructure investment for all subnational units in two federations, Argentina and Brazil, and a unitary nation, Colombia, this study shows that in developing federal countries with strong governors, presidents use nonearmarked transfers as a tool to compensate governors for sizable and secure territorial political support. The study argues that in these cases, resources do not make electoral power but chase it. In the unitary case, conversely, governors do not influence distributive politics. Variation also was found in the relevance of Congress, legislative overrepresentation, and programmatic criteria across cases. The article discusses possible reasons for these results and their implications for the comparative debate on distributive politics.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrucio, Fernando. 1998. Os barões da federação: os governadores e a redemocratização brasileira. São Paulo: Coleção Comentário, USP. Google Scholar
Alston, Lee, and Mueller, Bernardo. 2005. Pork for Policy: Executive and Legislative Exchange in Brazil. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization 22: 87114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, Barry. 2001. The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in Comparative Politics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arulampalam, Wiji, Dasgupta, Sugato, Dhillon, Amrita, and Dutta, Bhaskar. 2009. Electoral Goals and Centre-State Transfers in India. Journal of Development Economics 88: 103–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atlas, Cary, Gilligan, Thomas, Hendershott, Robert, and Zupan, Mark. 1995. Slicing the Federal Net Spending Pie: Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why? American Economic Review 85: 624–29.Google Scholar
Balla, Steven, Lawrence, Eric, Maltzman, Forrest, and Sigelman, Lee. 2002. Partisanship, Blame Avoidance, and the Distribution of Legislative Pork. American Journal of Political Science 46: 515–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Nathaniel, and Katz, Jonathan. 1995. What to Do and Not to Do with Time-Series Cross-Section Data. American Political Science Review 89: 634–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, Christopher, Burden, Barry, and Howell, William. 2010. The President and the Distribution of Federal Spending. American Political Science Review 104: 783–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borges, André. 2011. The Political Consequences of Center-Led Redistribution in Brazilian Federalism: the Fall of Subnational Party Machines. Latin American Research Review 46, 3: 2145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brollo, Fernanda, and Nannicini, Tommaso. 2012. Tying Your Enemy's Hands in Close Races: the Politics of Federal Transfers in Brazil. American Political Science Review 106: 742–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calvo, Ernesto, and Pablo Micozzi, Juan. 2005. The Governor's Backyard: a Seat-Vote Model of Electoral Reform for Subnational Multiparty Races. Journal of Politics 67, 4: 1050–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carsey, Thomas, and Rundquist, Barry. 1999. Party and Committee in Distributive Politics: Evidence from Defense Spending. Journal of Politics 61: 1156–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheibub, Jose Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. 2002. Democratic Institutions and Regime Survival: Parliamentary and Presidential Democracies Reconsidered. Annual Review of Political Science 5: 151–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Gary, and McCubbins, Mathew. 1986. Electoral Politics as a Redistributive Game. Journal of Politics 48: 379–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahlberg, Matz, and Johansson, Eva. 2002. On the Vote-Purchasing Behavior of Incumbent Governments. American Political Science Review 96: 2740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Luca, Miguel, Jones, Mark, and Tula, Inés. 2002. Back Rooms or Ballot Boxes? Candidate Nomination in Argentina. Comparative Political Studies 35: 413–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desposato, Scott. 2004. The Impact of Federalism on National Parties in Brazil. Legislative Studies Quarterly 29: 259–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Díaz-Cayeros, Alberto. 2006. Federalism, Fiscal Authority, and Centralization in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, Avinash, and Londregan, John. 1996. The Determinants of Success of Special Interests in Redistributive Politics. Journal of Politics 58: 1132–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenwick, Tracy. 2009. Avoiding Governors: the Success of Bolsa Família. Latin American Research Review 44, 1: 102–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferejohn, John. 1974. Pork Barrel Politics: Rivers and Harbors Legislation, 1947–1968. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Google Scholar
Figueiredo, Argelina Cheibub, and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Presidential Power, Legislative Organization, and Party Behavior in Brazil. Comparative Politics 32, 2: 151–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, Edward, and Calvo, Ernesto. 2000. Federalism and Low-Maintenance Constituencies: Territorial Dimensions of Economic Reform in Argentina. Studies in Comparative International Development 35: 3255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, Edward, Calvo, Ernesto, and Falleti, Tullia. 2004. Reallocative Federalism: Overrepresentation and Public Spending in the Western Hemisphere. In Federalism and Democracy in Latin America, ed. Gibson, . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 173–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, Phillip. 1994. A Political Theory of Intergovernmental Grants. Public Choice 78: 295303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagopian, Frances. 1996. Traditional Politics and Regime Change in Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagopian, Frances, Gervasoni, Carlos, and Andres Moraes, Juan. 2008. From Patronage to Program: the Emergence of Party-Oriented Legislators in Brazil. Comparative Political Studies 42, 3: 360–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holcombe, Randall, and Zardkoohi, Ashgar. 1981. The Determinants of Federal Grants. Southern Economic Journal 48: 393–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Mark. 2002. Explaining the High Level of Party Discipline in the Argentine Congress. In Legislative Politics in Latin America, ed. Morgenstern, Scott and Nacif, Benito. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 147–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Mark, and Hwang, Wonjae. 2005. Provincial Party Bosses: Keystone of the Argentine Congress. In Argentine Democracy: The Politics of Institutional Weakness, ed. Levitsky, Steven and Victoria Murillo, María. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. 115–38.Google Scholar
Kikuchi, Hirokazu, and Lodola, Germán. 2014. The Effects of Gubernatorial Influence and Political Careerism on Senatorial Voting Behavior: the Argentine Case. Journal of Politics in Latin America 6, 2: 73105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kriner, Douglas, and Reeves, Andrew. 2012. The Influence of Federal Spending on Presidential Elections. American Political Science Review 106: 348–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larcinese, Valentino, Rizzo, Leonzio, and Testa, Cecilia. 2006. Allocating the U.S. Federal Budget to the States: the Impact of the President. Journal of Politics 68: 447–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Frances. 2000. Senate Representation and Coalition Building in Distributive Politics. American Political Science Review 94: 5972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitt, Steven, and Snyder, James. 1995. Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal Outlays. American Journal of Political Science 39: 958–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindbeck, Assar, and Weibull, Jörgen. 1987. Balanced-Budget Redistribution as the Outcome of Political Competition. Public Choice 52: 273–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magaloni, Beatriz, Díaz-Cayeros, Alberto, and Estévez, Federico. 2007. Clientelism and Portfolio Diversification: A Model of Electoral Investment with Application to Mexico. In Patrons, Clients, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, ed. Kitschelt, Herbert and Wilkinson, Steven S.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 182205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott. 1999. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil. Stanford: Stanford University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarty, Nolan. 2000. Presidential Pork: Executive Veto Power and Distributive Politics. American Political Science Review 94: 117–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montero, Alfred P. 2009. A Reversal of Political Fortune: the Transitional Dynamics of Conservative Rule in Brazil. Paper presented at the 28th International Congress of the Latin American Studies Association, Rio de Janeiro, June 11–14.Google Scholar
Pereira, Carlos, and Mueller, Bernardo. 2002. Comportamento estratégico em presidencialismo de coalizão: as relações entre executivo e legislativo na elaboração do orçamento brasileiro. Dados 45, 2: 265301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persson, Torsten, and Tabellini, Guido. 2000. Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press. Google Scholar
Raile, Eric, Pereira, Carlos, and Power, Timothy. 2011. The Executive Toolbox: Building Legislative Support in a Multiparty Presidential Regime. Political Research Quarterly 64: 323–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Remmer, Karen, and Wibbels, Erik. 2000. The Subnational Politics of Economic Adjustment. Comparative Political Studies 33, 4: 419–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodden, Jonathan. 2002. Strength in Numbers? Representation and Redistribution in the European Union. European Union Politics 3: 151–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodden, Jonathan. 2010. The Geographic Distribution of Political Preferences. Annual Review of Political Science 13: 297340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David. 2003. Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David, and Snyder, Richard. 2001. The Value of a Vote: Malapportionment in Comparative Perspective. British Journal of Political Science 31: 651–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David, and Mainwaring, Scott. 2004. Strong Federalism, Constraints on the Central Government, and Economic Reform in Brazil. In Federalism and Democracy in Latin America, ed. Gibson, Edward. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 85130.Google Scholar
Solé Ollé, Albert. 2010. The Determinants of Regional Allocation of Infrastructure Investment in Spain. In The Political Economy of Inter-Regional Fiscal Flows: Measurement, Determinants and Effects on Country Stability, ed. Bosch, Núria, Espasa, Marta, and Ollé, Solé. Cheltenham: Elgar. 297319.Google Scholar
Souza, Celina. 1997. Constitutional Engineering in Brazil: The Politics of Federalism and Decentralisation. London: Macmillan. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, Susan, Dunning, Thad, Nazareno, Marcelo, and Brusco, Valeria. 2013. Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zucco, Cesar. 2008. The President's New Constituency: Lula and the Pragmatic Vote in Brazil's 2006 Presidential Election. Journal of Latin American Studies 40: 2949.CrossRefGoogle Scholar