Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T13:43:24.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Multicultural Institutions, Distributional Politics, and Postelectoral Mobilization in Indigenous Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Todd A. Eisenstadt  and
Viridiana Ríos
Todd A. Eisenstadt
Affiliation:
American University [email protected]
Viridiana Ríos
Affiliation:
Department of Government, Harvard University vRí[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Contrary to the predictions of “power sharing” to mitigate ethnic conflicts, multicultural rights recognition can actually increase the frequency of local postelectoral mobilizations. This article demonstrates that the adoption of an ethnic rights regime for electing local government representatives may actually increase conflict if these multicultural laws are not carefully circumscribed to avoid violating human rights. Focusing on the 1995 multicultural rights reforms in Oaxaca, it presents evidence that legal changes purportedly implemented to recognize indigenous rights actually increased postelectoral disputes due to conflicts between county seat communities and peripheral population hamlets over access to funding by the central government. Based on this finding, the article addresses normative implications of “power-sharing” multiculturalism, recommending that multicultural laws be implemented only together with legal mechanisms to solve postelectoral disputes.

Type
Research
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , Summer 2014 , pp. 70 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anaya Muñoz, Alejandro. 2002. Governability and Legitimacy in Mexico: the Legalisation of Indigenous Electoral Institutions in Oaxaca. Ph.D. diss., Department of Government, University of Essex.Google Scholar
Anaya Muñoz, Alejandro. 2005. The Emergence and Development of the Politics of Recognition of Cultural Diversity and Indigenous Peoples' Rights in Mexico: Chiapas and Oaxaca in Comparative Perspective. Journal of Latin American Studies 37, 3 (August): 585–610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anaya Muñoz, Alejandro. 2006. Autonomía indígena, gobernabilidad y legitimidad en México: la legalización de los usos y costumbres electorales en Oaxaca. Mexico City: Universidad Iberoamericana/ Plaza y Valdés.Google Scholar
Angeles Carreño, Graciela. 2009. Former secretary of Santa Catarina Minas; poll worker during 2001 postelectoral mobilization. Author interview. Santa Catarina Minas, Oaxaca, June 22.Google Scholar
Aquino Maldonado, Joel. 2004. Leader of Zapoteco indigenous rights movement. Author interview. Villa Hidalgo Yalálag, Oaxaca, July 24.Google Scholar
Corres, Bailón, Jaime, Moisés. 2009. Legislación federal y estatal en materia de derechos indígenas; saldos al 2009. In Derecho y sociedad indígena en Oaxaca, ed. Leonel, Victor Martínez, Juan and Clara Galvis, María. Washington, DC: Due Process of Law Foundation.Google Scholar
Corres, Bailón, Jaime, Moisés. 2010. Recapitulando los usos y costumbres 15 años después [Recapitulating usos y costumbres 15 years later]. Presentation at annual conference of the National Association of Political Science and Public Administration Students, Oaxaca City, November 10.Google Scholar
Corres, Bailón, Jaime, Moisés, Danielson, Michael S., Eisenstadt, Todd A., and Sorroza, Carlos, eds. 2008. 2008 Survey of Oaxaca, Mexico Customary Law Municipalities. Washington, DC/Oaxaca City: Higher Education in Development (HED)/United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca (UABJO).Google Scholar
Bautista, Emilio. 2004. Medical doctor and political activist. Author interview. Villa Hidalgo Yalálag, Oaxaca, July 24.Google Scholar
Benton, Allyson Lucinda. 2012. Bottom-up Challenges to National Democracy: Mexico's (Legal) Subnational Authoritarian Enclaves. Comparative Politics 44, 3 (April): 253–71.Google Scholar
Cal, Burguete y Mayor, Araceli. 2013. Constitutional Multiculturalism in Chiapas and beyond: Hollow Reforms to Nullify Autonomy Rights. In Eisenstadt et al. 2013. 40–66.Google Scholar
Chandra, Kanchan. 2004. Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul, and Hoeffler, Anke. 2004. Greed and Grievance in Civil War. Oxford Economics Papers 56, 4: 563–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO). 2001. Indices de marginació. In II Conteo de población y vivienda 2000. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática.Google Scholar
Cordero, Luis Enrique. 2013. Magistrate, Oaxaca State Electoral Court. Author interview. Oaxaca City, March 18.Google Scholar
Acevedo, Cruz, Manuel, Juan. 2010. Former state legislator. Author interview. Oaxaca City, November 10.Google Scholar
Danielson, Michael S., and Eisenstadt, Todd A.. 2009. Walking Together, but in Which Direction? Gender Discrimination and Multicultural Practices in Oaxaca, Mexico. Politics & Gender 5: 153–84.Google Scholar
Del Collado, Fernando. 2003. Murat, retrato de un cacique: entrevista con José Murat. Enfoque, insert to Reforma (October 19): 13–18.Google Scholar
Dekmejian, Richard Hrair. 1978. Consociational Democracy in Crisis: the Case of Lebanon. Comparative Politics 10, 2 (January): 251–65.Google Scholar
Dennis, Philip A. 1987. Intervillage Conflict in Oaxaca. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, Todd A. 2011. Politics, Identity, and Mexico's Indigenous Rights Movements. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, Todd A., and Yelle, Jennifer. 2012. Participation and Representation in Oaxaca, Mexico's Customary Law Elections: Normative Debates and Lessons for Latin American Multiculturalism. In New Institutions for Participatory Democracy in Latin America—Voice and Consequence, ed. Cameron, Maxwell A., Hershberg, Eric, and Sharpe, Kenneth E.. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 181–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenstadt, Todd A., Danielson, Michael S., Bailón Corres, Jaime, and Sorroza, Carlos, eds. 2013. Latin America's Multicultural Movements and the Struggle Between Communitarianism, Autonomy, and Human Rights. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Power of the Federation (Tribunal Electoral del Poder Judicial de la Federación). 2001. Colección sentencias relevantes no. 4: Elección de concejales al ayuntamiento del Municipio de Asunción Tlacolulita, Estado de Oaxaca, por usos y costumbres (Caso Oaxaca). Mexico City: TEPJF.Google Scholar
Engle, Karen. 2010. The Elusive Promise of Indigenous Development: Rights, Culture, Strategy. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Fearon, James D., and Laitin, David D.. 2003. Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War. American Political Science Review 97, 1: 75–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, Tania. 2009. Barricade leader during 2007 Oaxaca Appo movement; Uabjo graduate student in sociology. Author interview. Oaxaca City, June 29.Google Scholar
García, Fernández, Cristina, María. 2004. Lynchings in Guatemala: Legacy of War and Impunity. Mss. Cambridge: Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. http://programs.wcfia.harvard.edu/files/fellows/files/fernandez.pdf Google Scholar
Flores Cruz, Cipriano. 2004. Adviser to the Pri; ex-director of the Oaxaca State Electoral Institute. Author interview. Oaxaca City, July 22.Google Scholar
Fox, Jonathan. 2002. La relación recíproca entre la participación ciudadana y la rendición de cuentes: la experiencia de los Fondos Municipales en el México rural. Política y Gobierno 9, 1: 95–133.Google Scholar
Fox, Jonathan, and Aranda, Josefina. 1996. Decentralization and Rural Development in Mexico. La Jolla: Center for US-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Godoy, Angelina Snodgrass. 2004. When Justice is Criminal: Lynchings in Contemporary Latin America. Theory and Society 33, 6: 621–51.Google Scholar
Gottwald, Dorothee, and Morales, Lourdes. 2003. Espacio político y jurisdicción electoral: el caso de Santiago Yaveo. América Indígena 59, 2 (April–June): 43–58.Google Scholar
Greenberg, James B. 1989. Blood Ties: Life and Violence in Rural Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Hernández-Díaz, Jorge, and Leonel Juan Martínez, Víctor. 2007. Dilemas de la institución municipal: una incursión en la experiencia oaxaqueña. Mexico City: Miguel Angel Porrúa.Google Scholar
Hernández Fernández, Sylvia 2009. Teacher, Section 22; leader of the Popular Revolutionary Front (. Frente Popular Revolucionario, an Appo component group). Author interview. Oaxaca City, June 28.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI). 2000. Xii Censo general de población y vivienda 2000. www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/Proyectos/ccpv/cpv2000/default.aspx. Accessed April 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI). 2002. XII Censo general de población y vivienda 2000. Sistema para la consulta de información censal/Oaxaca. CD-ROM. Mexico City: INEGI.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI). 2005. Conteo de población y vivienda 2005. Consulta interactiva de datos. www.inegi.org.mx/est/contenidos/proyectos/ccpv/cpv2005/default.aspx. Accessed April 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Martínez, Juan, Leonel, Víctor. 2000. Yalálag: historia de una violenta lucha indígena. En Marcha–Realidad Municipal de Oaxaca 3, 16 (April): 5–9.Google Scholar
Martínez, Juan, Leonel, Víctor. 2007. Yalálag: las contradicciones de una lucha por la autonomí. In Ciudadanías diferenciadas en un estado multicultural: los usos y costumbres en Oaxaca, ed. Hernández-Díaz, Jorge and Angeles Carreño, Graciela C.. Mexico City: Siglo XXI. 199–228.Google Scholar
Martínez, Juan, Leonel, Víctor. 2013. Scholarly researcher; ombudsman, Oaxaca Electoral Institute. Author interview. Oaxaca City, June 14.Google Scholar
Kanyinga, Karuti. 2009. The Legacy of the White Highlands: Land Rights, Ethnicity, and the Post-2007 Election Violence in Kenya. Journal of Contemporary African Studies 27, 3: 325–44.Google Scholar
Laitin, David. 1985. Hegemony and Religious Conflict: British Imperial Control and Political Cleavages in Yorubaland. In Bringing the State Back In, ed. Evans, Peter B., Rueschemeyer, Deitrich, and Skocpol, Theda. New York: Cambridge University Press. 285–316.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1996. The Puzzle of Indian Democracy: a Consociational Interpretation. American Political Science Review 90, 2 (June): 258–68.Google Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1999. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-six Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
López López, Eric. 1998. Adviser to the State Government of Oaxaca. Author interview. Oaxaca City, November 24.Google Scholar
Lucero, José Antonio. 2013. Ambivalent Multiculturalisms: Perversity, Futility, and Jeopardy in Latin America. In Eisenstadt et al. 2013. 18–39.Google Scholar
Madrid, Raúl L. 2008. The Rise of Ethnopopulism in Latin America. World Politics 60 (April): 475–508.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. 2002. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 3–40.Google Scholar
Mattiace, Shannan. 2013. The Multiculturalism That Wasn't: Legislative Reforms for Mexico's “Tranquil” Indians in Yucatán. In Eisenstadt et al. 2013. 217–45.Google Scholar
Molinar, Juan. 1991. Counting the Number of Parties: an Alternative Index. American Political Science Review 85, 4 (December): 1383–91.Google Scholar
Morales Canales, Lourdes. 2008. Conflicto electoral y cambio social: el caso de San Miguel Quetzaltepec, Mixes. In Ciudadanías diferenciadas en un estado multicultural: los usos y costumbres en Oaxaca, ed. Hernández-Díaz, Jorge. Mexico City: Siglo XXI. 151–74.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 2008. Driving Democracy: Do Power-sharing Institutions Work? New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Posner, Daniel N. 2003. The Colonial Origins of Ethnic Cleavages: the Case of Linguistic Divisions in Zambia. Comparative Politics 35, 2 (January): 127–46.Google Scholar
Recondo, David. 2007. La política del gatopardo: multiculturalismo y democracia en Oaxaca. Mexico City: CIESAS.Google Scholar
Relea, Francesc. 2008. La rebelión se llama Eufrosina Cruz: una mexicana de Oaxaca encabeza la lucha contra los “usos y costumbres” indígenas que anulan a la mujer. El País (Mexico City), February 10. www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/rebelion/llama/Eufrosina/Cruz/elpepuint/20080210elpepiint_1/Tes. Accessed October 20, 2008.Google Scholar
Ríos, Viridiana. 2006. Conflictividad postelectoral en los Uc de Oaxaca. Undergraduate thesis, Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Salloukh, Bassel F. 2006. The Limits of Electoral Engineering in Divided Societies: Elections in Postwar Lebanon. Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, 3 (September): 635–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Services for an Alternative Education. 2002. Informe de observación electoral en municipios de usos y costumbres, Oaxaca 2001. Oaxaca City: Servicios para una Educación Alternativa, A.C./Comisión Diocesana de Pastoral Social. 77–81.Google Scholar
Sisk, Timothy D. 2008. Elections in Fragile States: between Voice and Violence. Paper prepared for the International Studies Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, March 24–28.Google Scholar
Sonnleitner, Willibald, and Eisenstadt, Todd A.. 2013. Conclusion: Balancing Tensions between Communitarian and Individual Rights and the Challenges These Present for Multicultural States. In Eisenstadt et al. 2013. 246–70.Google Scholar
Van Cott, Donna Lee. 2003. Institutional Change and Ethnic Parties in South America. Latin American Politics and Society 45, 2 (Summer): 1–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2003. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. 2nd ed. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Cepeda, Velázquez, Cristina, María, and Adolfo Méndez Lugo, Luis. 1997. Catálogo municipal de usos y costumbres. Oaxaca City: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social/Instituto Electoral Estatal de Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Vilas, Carlos. 2008. Lynchings and Political Conflict in the Andes. Latin American Perspectives 35, 5 (September): 103–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilkinson, Steven Ian. 2000. India, Consociational Theory, and Ethnic Violence. Asian Survey 40, 5 (September–October): 767–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar