Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-v2bm5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-04T02:51:10.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Brazil's Agrarian Reform: Democratic Innovation or Oligarchic Exclusion Redux?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Anthony Pereira
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2002) redistributed a surprising amount of land to Brazil's landless. Assessing that reform, this study argues that an adequate appreciation of land redistribution must transcend the debate about the number of beneficiaries and place the reform in the larger context of state policies toward land and agriculture. It then asks to what extent such policies under Cardoso represented the dismantling of past state practices in the countryside. Although the Cardoso administration enacted some significant and democratizing changes, it missed other opportunities to benefit the rural poor, and its policies essentially maintained the agricultural model of the past two decades.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Politics and Society , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , Summer 2003 , pp. 41 - 65
Copyright
Copyright © University of Miami 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alston, Lee, Gary, Libecap, and Bernardo, Mueller. 2000. Land Reform Policies, the Sources of Violent Conflict, and Implications for Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 39: 162–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amnesty International. 1998. Brazil: Corumbiara and Eldorado de Carajás: Rural Violence, Police Brutality, and Impunity. New York: AI. Index: AMR 19/01/98, January.Google Scholar
Barreira, César. 1999. Crimes por encomenda: violência e pistolagem no cenário brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará.Google Scholar
Borin, Jair. 1997. Reforma agrária no governo FHC. In A crise brasileira e o governo FHC, ed. Alvaro, Bianchi. Sào Paulo: Xama Editora.Google Scholar
Brogan, Chris. 2000. Brazil. In Nations of the World: A Political, Economic and Business Handbook. Millerton, NY: Grey House. 181–86.Google Scholar
Bryant, Coralie. 1998. Northeast Brazil: Market Assisted Land Reform: Private Property Rights for the Rural Poor. Unpublished mss. submitted to Public Administration and Development. Washington, Dc, April.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. 1994. Màos à obra Brasil: proposta de governo. Brasília: Instituto Brasileiro de Análises Sociais e Econômicas/Banco Arbi.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. 1996. O regime nào é dos excluídos. Interview transcript. Folha de Sào Paulo, October 13: caderno 5, p. 6.Google Scholar
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. 1997. Reforma agrária: compromisso de todos. Brasília: Presidência da República/Secretaria de Comunicaçào Social.Google Scholar
DeSouza, Amaury. 1997. Redressing Inequalities: Brazil's Social Agenda at Century's End. In Brazil Under Cardoso, ed. Susan Kaufman, Purcell and Riordan, Roett. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. 63–88.Google Scholar
Economist . 2001. Managing the Rainforests. May 12: 84.Google Scholar
Economist Intelligence Unit. 1999. Country Report: Brazil. November 8: 1. http:www.eiu.com.Google Scholar
Fleischer, David. 2001. Professor of Political Science, University of Brasília; author of Brazil Focus Weekly Report. Personal communication. May 18.Google Scholar
Fleischer, David. 2002. Brazil Focus Weekly Report. January 5–11.Google Scholar
Folha de Sào Paulo . 2002. Credito ainda desafia reforma, diz governo. January 6: a-8.Google Scholar
Gonçalo, José Evaldo. 2000. Violência no campo—açào orquestrada pelas elites rurais com o apoio de setores do estado. Partido dos Trabalhadores, Secretaria Agrária Nacional. December. http:www.pt.org.brassessoragrario.Google Scholar
Gonçalo, José Evaldo. 2001. Globalizaçào e reforma agrária. Pt, Secretaria Agrária Nacional. January. http:www.pt.org.brassessoragrario.Google Scholar
Gordon, Lincoln. 2001. Brazil's Second Chance: En Route Toward the First World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.Google Scholar
Graziano Neto, Francisco. 1998. A difícil interpretaçào da realidade agrária. in Schmidt et al. 1998. 153–69.Google Scholar
Hammond, John L. 2001. The Mst and the Media: Competing Images of the Landless Farmworkers' Movement. Paper presented to the Seminar on Contentious Politics, Columbia University. April.Google Scholar
Hook, Janet. 2002. Congress Unites on Federal Farm Policy. Times-Picayune (New Orleans), April 27: a-15.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Colonizaçao e Reforma Agrária (INCRA). 1992. Estatisticas cadastrais anuais. Brasília: INCRA.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Colonizaçao e Reforma Agrária (INCRA). 2001. Balanço da reforma agrária e da agricultura familiar 2001. http:www.incra.gov.br.Google Scholar
Jank, Marcus Sawaya. 2001. Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Sào Paulo. Comments in the panel discussion “Sustainable Development and Rural Poverty: a Brazilian Perspective,” Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, Dc, May 24.Google Scholar
Latin Focus . 2002. Data on inflation rate and consumer prices. http:www.latin-focus.comcountries.Brazil.Google Scholar
Leite, Sergio. 1999. Políticas públicas e agricultura no Brasil: comentarios sobre o cenario recente. In O desmonte da nação: balanço do governo FHC, ed. Ivo, Lesbaupin. Petrópolis: Vozes. 153–80.Google Scholar
Margolis, Marc. 2002. A Plot of Their Own. Newsweek International Online. http:www.msnbc.comnews Accessed February 6.Google Scholar
de SouzaMartins, José. 1999. Reforma agrária: o impossível diálogo sobre a história possível. Tempo Social, 11, 2 (October): 97–128.Google Scholar
de SouzaMartins, José. 2000. Reforma agrária: o impossível diálogo. Sào Paulo: Editora da Universidade de Sào Paulo.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Kenneth. 19992000. The Two Brazils. Wilson Quarterly (Winter): 50–60.Google Scholar
Ondetti, Gabriel. 2001a. Agrarian Reform in Brazil: Present and Future. Unpublished mss.Google Scholar
Ondetti, Gabriel. 2001b. Taking and Making Political Opportunities: the Rise of the Brazilian Landless Movement. Unpublished mss.Google Scholar
Payne, Leigh. 2000. Uncivil Movements: The Armed Right Wing and Democracy in Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Pereira, Anthony. 1997. The End of the Peasantry: The Rural Labor Movement in Northeast Brazil, 1961–1988. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Pereira, Anthony. 1999. God, the Devil, and Development in Northeast Brazil. Praxis 15: 113–36.Google Scholar
Pompeu deToledo, Roberto. 1998. O presidente segundo o sociologo: entrevista de Fernando Henrique Cardoso a Roberto Pompeu de Toledo. Sào Paulo: Companhia das Letras.Google Scholar
Porto, Mauro. 2001. Mass Media and Politics in Democratic Brazil. Paper presented at the conference “15 Years of Democracy in Brazil,” Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London, February 15–16.Google Scholar
Prillaman, William C. 2000. The Judiciary and Democratic Decay in Latin America: Declining Confidence in the Rule of Law. Westport: Praeger.Google Scholar
Rinelli, Michael. 2001. Brazil Economic Briefing (Beb). 01/2001. 7th ed. Washington, Dc: Brazilian Embassy. April 12.Google Scholar
Roett, Riordan. 1999. Brazil: Politics in a Patrimonial Society. 5th ed. Westport: Praeger.Google Scholar
Sanger, David. 2002. Bush Signs Farm Subsidies Increase. Times-Picayune (New Orleans), May 14: a-3.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Benício Viero, Danilo Nolasco, C. Marinho, and Sueli, L. Couto Rosa, eds. 1998. Os assentamentos de reforma agrária no Brasil. Brasília: Editora UnB.Google Scholar
Sem Terra (Brasília). 2000. Por quê a reforma agrária no Brasil. No. 1 (July): 2.Google Scholar
Sigaud, Lygia. 2000. A forma acampamento: notas a partir da versào pernambucana. Novos Estudos Cebrap no. 58 (November): 73–92.Google Scholar
Sorj, Bernardo. 1998. A reforma agrária em tempos de democracia e globalizaçào. Novos Estudos Cebrap no. 50 (March): 23–40.Google Scholar
Stédile, Joào Pedro, and Bernardo Mançano, Fernandes. 1999. Brava gente: a trajetória do MST e a luta pela terra no Brasil. Sào Paulo: Fundaçào Perseu Abramo.Google Scholar
Viotti daCosta, Emília. 2000 [1985]. The Brazilian Empire: Myths and Histories. Revised ed. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
World Bank. 2001. World Development Report 2000/2001. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Angus. 2002. Professor of Environmental Studies, California State University at Sacramento. Personal communication. April 11.Google Scholar