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Salinas De Los Nueve Cerros, Guatemala: A Major Economic Center in the Southern Maya Lowlands

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brent K.S. Woodfill ,
Brian Dervin Dillon ,
Marc Wolf ,
Carlos Avendaño  and
Ronald Canter
Brent K.S. Woodfill
Affiliation:
Institute for Advanced Study, University of Minnesota., Director, Proyecto Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, 3324 Yukon Ave N, New Hope, MN 55427, ([email protected])
Brian Dervin Dillon
Affiliation:
Proyecto Salinas de los Nueve Cerros, Consulting Archaeologist, North Hills CA 91343
Marc Wolf
Affiliation:
Graduate Center at the City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10029
Carlos Avendaño
Affiliation:
Escuela de Biologia, CCQQFAR, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Edif. T-10 2do. Nivel Ciudad Universitaria, Zona 12, Ciudad de Guatemala, ([email protected])
Ronald Canter
Affiliation:
Maya Rivers, 21703 Fairway Drive, Leonardtown, MD 20650
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Abstract

Salinas de los Nueve Cerros is a precolumbian Maya city located at the base of the highlands in the lowlands of west-central Guatemala. It is the only Classic-period center in the southern Maya Lowlands that based its economy on the production of an important raw material for export: salt. Because of its economic role and its location along a major trade route, Salinas de los Nueve Cerros had a particularly long history of occupation. The site has evidence of a large sedentary population starting during the Middle Preclassic (by ca. 800 B.C.) that continued several hundred years beyond the Classic collapse, before finally being abandoned ca. A.D. 1200. The salt source was located in the center of the city. This presents a rare opportunity to test the degree of elite control over the production of a non-elite resource. Production during the Classic period does appear to have been tightly controlled by elites, as evinced by the presence of multiple administrative structures and elite tombs throughout the salt-working zone, located less than 100 mfrom the site epicenter.

Resumen

Resumen

Salinas de los Nueve Cerros es una ciudad maya precolombina ubicada al pie del Altiplano en la zona occidental-central de Guatemala. Es el único centro de la época Clásica que basó su economía en la producción de una materia cruda de alta importancia, la sal. Esta producción fue controlada por las élites de la ciudad durante la época Clásica y posiblemente antes, como está evidenciado por la presencia de múltiples estructuras administrativas y tumbas dentro de la zona de producción de sal. Por su ubicación sobre unafuente de sal al lado del rio Chixoy, tuvo una ocupación particularmente larga, con evidencia de un asentamiento grande empezando en el Preclásico Medio Temprano (ca. 900 a.C.) y terminando hasta los finales del Posclásico Temprano (ca. 1200 d.C). Por estar localizado en lafrontera entre las Tierras Altas del norte (al sur del sitio), las Tierras Bajas del suroccidente (al norte) y Chiapas (al oeste), tenia residentesprovenientes de varias otras regiones del mundo maya y mantuvo contactos con todas las distintas zonas en la mayor parte de su historia. Durante el Clásico Terminal (800-900 d.C), sus residentes lograron conexiones con las ciudades florecientes de las Tierras Altas del norte, por lo cual sobrevivieron unos sighs más que sus vecinos de las Tierras Bajas, solo siendo abandonado alrededor del 1200 d.C. Lafuente de sal siguio siendó importante después de su colapso, siendo explotada por varios grupos mayas, españoles y guatemaltecos a través de las épocas Posclásicas, colonial y moderna, con el último intento de producción de sal formal ocurriendo durante la década de 1980.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , June 2015 , pp. 162 - 179
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2015

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