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Pucara Hilltop Settlements in the Lupaca and Pacajes Territories, Southern Andean Altiplano, during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2023

Romuald Housse Open the ORCID record for Romuald Housse [Opens in a new window]  and
Arthur Mouquet
Romuald Housse*
Affiliation:
Université Paris 1, Panthéon-Sorbonne, Archaïos - Archaeology, Culture & Heritage; CNRS, UMR8096, ArchAm, Paris, France
Arthur Mouquet
Affiliation:
Université Paris 1, Panthéon Sorbonne, Paris, France
*
Corresponding author: Romuald Housse, Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The quantity of archaeological data for the fortified hilltop settlements of the Late Intermediate period on the Andean altiplano, called pucaras, varies greatly. Some areas, such as the territory of the Colla Aymara chieftaincy east of Lake Titicaca, are well documented thanks to recent and exhaustive research. Other areas, such as the territories of the Lupacas and the Pacajes, are much less documented. From comparative spatial analyses of satellite images from these two territories, we obtained new data on pucaras, whose characteristics seem to differ from those proposed in the archaeological literature. Through a combination of fieldwork and spatial analysis of 295 pucaras, we identified 252 unpublished sites and propose a new typology comprising four categories. Based on ethnohistoric data and the results of the architectural and geographical analyses, we discuss the possible motivations for building so many pucaras; we suggest that some reasons are of a symbolic nature.

Resumen

Resumen

Los datos arqueológicos sobre los pucaras o asentamientos fortificados ubicados sobre cimas de cerros abruptos en el altiplano andino del período Intermedio Tardío, son muy diversos. Algunas zonas están bien documentadas, como el territorio del señorío aimara Colla al este del lago Titicaca, gracias a recientes y exhaustivas investigaciones. Pero otras zonas, como los territorios de Lupacas y Pacajes, lo están mucho menos. En este trabajo se presentan nuevos datos para ambos territorios, a partir de análisis comparativos de imágenes satelitales, cuyas características parecen ser diferentes a las que se describen en la literatura arqueológica. Combinando trabajo de campo y análisis espacial de 295 pucaras, se identificó un total de 252 sitios inéditos, y se propone una nueva tipología compuesta por cuatro categorías. Con base en esta data, discutimos las posibles necesidades que motivaron a las poblaciones lupacas y Pacajes a construir tantos pucaras. Según los datos etnohistóricos y los resultados de los análisis arquitectónicos y geográficos, creemos que algunas de estas razones son de carácter simbólico.

Keywords

South central AndesaltiplanoLate Intermediate periodfortificationspucaraAymara politiesspatial analysisremote sensingsacred mountainsAndes centro suraltiplanoperiodo Intermedio Tardíofortificacionespucaraseñoríos aimarasanálisis espacialesteleinterpretaciónmontañas sagradas
Type
Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , June 2024 , pp. 255 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Society for American Archaeology

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