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Craft Specialists at Moche: Organization, Affiliations, and Identities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hélène Bernier
Hélène Bernier*
Affiliation:
Department of the Arts of Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028 ([email protected])
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Abstract

This article examines the organization of specialized craft production at the urban site of Moche, known as the capital of the Southern Moche state. Recent excavations in workshop contexts revealed that the urban population of Moche was in part composed of ceramists, metallurgists, and lapidaries. These craft specialists played a significant role in the economic, political, and religious spheres of the Moche polity. Data obtained during excavations of workshops and domestic compounds are used to analyze the context, scale, and intensity of craft production, taking into account the nature of the goods produced and the identity of consumers. The discussion also considers the integration of craft specialists into the daily life and social structure at the site of Moche. Excavations showed that while urban craft specialists were not independent, they were not tightly controlled by a centralized ruling elite. They produced symbolic goods in various small to middle-scale workshops integrated into residential units, under the direct authority of urban leaders taking advantage of this particular organization of semi-attached craft production in various status-building strategies.

A partir del tercer siglo de nuestra era, la sociedad Moche alcanzó un alto nivel de complejidad social, estableciendo en la Costa Norte del Perú el primer estado prehistórico considerado como expansionista y centralizado. Este artículo explora la organización del trabajo en la producción artesanal en el centro urbano del sitio Moche, considerado como un centro de primera importancia en el estado Moche durante el Periodo Intermedio Temprano. Las excavaciones recientes realizadas en Moche han llevado al descubrimiento de talleres de cerámica, metalurgia y lapidaria, demostrando que la población estaba en parte constituida por artesanos especialistas. Éstos artesanos jugaban un papel relevante en la esfera económica, política y ideológica de la sociedad Moche. A partir de datos obtenidos en excavaciones en los talleres y viviendas, se analizará la posible afiliación entre artesanos y miembros de la elite, así como la intensidad y escala de la producción artesanal. Para tal, la naturaleza de los bienes y la identidad de los consumidores serán considerados. Así mismo, se discutirá sobre la integración de los artesanos especialistas en la estructura social del sitio Moche. Las excavaciones en el centro urbano Moche han demostrado que los artesanos que trabajaron en talleres urbanos no eran ni independientes ni tampoco eran controlados rigurosamente por una elite centralizada. Estos artesanos producían objetos simbólicos en varios talleres de pequeña o media escala integrados en conjuntos domésticos. Los artesanos se encontraban bajo la autoridad de líderes urbanos que se beneficiaban de la organización semi-afiliada para acrecentar su estatus sociopolítico.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 2010 , pp. 22 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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