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At the Crossroads: Starch Grain and Phytolith Analyses in Lucayan Prehistory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mary Jane Berman  and
Deborah M. Pearsall
Mary Jane Berman
Affiliation:
Center for American and World Cultures, 105 MacMillan Hall, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 ([email protected])
Deborah M. Pearsall
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Starch and phytolith analyses of an assemblage of chert microliths from the Three Dog site, an early Lucayan settlement on San Salvador, Bahamas, yielded Zea mays, Capsicum, and possible manioc indicating that these domesticates were present by at least A.D. 800 or earlier in Cuba or Hispaniola and brought to the central Bahamas during its early peopling. The presence of corn at this site contradicts previously held ideas that it did not appear in the Bahamas until the A.D. 1200s. Starch granules tentatively identified as root/tuber starch were also found on the microliths, although we were unable to discern if these represent wild species and/or culturally transported wild or domesticated species. The presence of more than one species on the microliths, initially believed to have been manioc grater chips similar to those documented ethnographically, demonstrates multifunctional use. A broad-based plant diet that included maize and root/tuber crops was in place at least by the Archaic age in parts of the Greater Antilles and brought to the Bahamas, along with chilis, during its colonization by Ceramic age peoples.

Resumen

Resumen

El análisis de almidón y fitolitos realizado en un conjunto de microlítos de chert procedentes del sitio lucayo temprano de Three Dog, San Salvador, Bahamas evidencia restos de Zea mays, Capsicum, y una posible célula secretora de yuca, indicando su presencia ya domesticada en Cuba o La Hispaniola desde el 800 d.C. o antes; y que fueron transportados al centro de las Bahamas durante su poblamiento temprano. La presencia de maíz contradice ideas previas de que su aparición en Bahamas no sucede hasta el 1200 d.C. Evidencia provisional de granos de almidón—quizás raíz o tubérculo—también fue encontrada en los microlitos. Desafortunadamente no es posible discernir si representan especies salvajes endémicas y/o salvajes o domesticadas transportadas culturalmente. La presencia de más de una especie en estas microlascas tradicionalmente asociadas a ralladores a rayadores de yuca, demuestra su uso multifuncional. Una dieta en base al uso vegetales más amplia que incluye el maíz y raíces/tubérculos ya se encontraba en el Arcaico en partes de las Antillas Mayores y llegó a Bahamas, junto con los pimientos con la colonización efectuadas por poblaciones en momentos cerámicos.

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Articles
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Latin American Antiquity , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 181 - 203
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2008

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