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An Initial Consideration of Obsidian Procurement and Exchange in Prehispanic Ecuador

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Richard L. Burger ,
Frank Asaro ,
Helen V. Michel ,
Fred H. Stross  and
Ernesto Salazar
Richard L. Burger
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208277, New Haven, CT 06520-8277
Frank Asaro
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720
Helen V. Michel
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720
Fred H. Stross
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720
Ernesto Salazar
Affiliation:
Departamento de Antropología, Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Abstract

We have examined the role of long-distance trade in Prehispanic Ecuador using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and neutron-activation analysis (NAA) of obsidian artifacts from the archaeological sites of El Inga, Chobshi Cave and Site OGSE-46 on the Santa Elena Peninsula. Results indicate that two geological sources east of Quito, Yanaurco-Quiscatola and Mullumica, were the principal source of raw obsidian at these sites. We situate our findings within a broader archaeological context through a review of the literature and a discussion of an earlier provenience study undertaken by us. We express concerns about recent attempts to apply ethnohistoric models to early periods of Ecuadorian prehistory, and argue that despite early exploitation of the principal obsidian sources, long-distance trade in obsidian was initiated at a relatively late date and remained at a surprisingly low level in southern Ecuador during most of prehistory.

En este trabajo examinamos el rol desempeñado por el comercio interregional del Ecuador Prehispánico, a través del análisis de artefactos de obsidiana procedente de sitios arqueológicos como El Inga, Cueva de Chobshi y OGSE-46 en la Peninsula de Santa Elena. Los análisis XRF y NAA nos permitieron fijar dos localidades geológicas como las fuentes principales de la obsidiana utilizada en la producción de los artefactos, ambas ubicadas al este de Quito, en Yanaurco-Quiscatola y Mullumica. Discutimos los resultados en un contexto arquelógico de mayor amplitud mediante una revisión de la literatura y los resultados de un trabajo previo de análisis de proveniencia que llevamos a cabo. Expresamos preocupación acerca de los recientes intentos de aplicar modelos etnohistóricos a los períodos tempranos de la prehistoria ecuatoriana, y planteamos que, a pesar de la explotación muy temprana de la obsidiana en ambas canteras, el comercio de obsidiana a gran distancia se inició en fechas relativamente tardías, permaneciendo sorpresivamente a un bajo nivel de intensidad en el sur de Ecuador durante una gran parte de la prehistoria.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 228 - 255
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1994

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