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Settlement Organization and Architecture in Late Intermediate Period Chachapoyas, Northeastern Peru

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Anna Guengerich
Anna Guengerich*
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University, Department of Anthropology, 124 Garland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235, ([email protected])
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Abstract

Chachapoya societies that lived on the forested eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru between A.D. 1000 and 1450 remain largely absent from broader narratives of the Andean Late Intermediate period (LIP). This paper argues that environmentally deterministic frameworks and lingering Inka biases have led scholars to problematically isolate Chachapoyans from their highland contemporaries. This work reviews three aspects of Chachapoya built environments—settlement patterning, internal organization, and architectural style—in order to provide a baseline for comparison with other regions. Chachapoyas shared a pattern of hilltop settlement locations with nearly all of the highlands, which suggests that its inhabitants faced the same shared factors that prompted changes in settlement organization on a massive scale in this region during the LIP. At the same time, comparison of Chachapoya built environments with others of the northern, central, and southern highlands highlights the considerable diversity within and between regions. This demonstrates that Chachapoyas is best interpreted as simply one of many regions that were characterized by distinctive spatlalltles and architectural forms. These reflected locally specific cultural practices and social institutions. Including Chachapoyas and other regions of the Eastern Andes in accounts of the LIP underscores the diversity and dynamism that characterized this period of significant change in Andean history.

Resumen

Resumen

Las sociedades chachapoyas que habitaron en las vertientes orientales de los Andes del norte de Peru entre 1000—7450 d.C. siguen ausentes de la historiografia general del Periodo Intermedia Tardío. Este trabajo plantea la idea de que el determinismo ambientaly la influencia de la ideología inka han resultado en el aislamlento analítico de los chachapoya de sus contemporáneos en la sierra, a pesar de que las investigaciones regionales siguen brindando más evidenclas de las interconexiones que existieron entre la sierra y las vertientes orientales de los Andes. En este articulo se examinan tres aspectos de los paisajes construidos de Chachapoyas—lospatrones de asentamiento, la organizatión interna y el estilo arquitectónico—paraproducir una base de comparacion con otras regiones. Chachapoyas compartión con casi toda la sierra un patron de asentamiento en lugares elevados, el cual sugiere que los habltantes de esta region enfrentaron los mlsmos factores que provocaron cambios a gran escala en los asentamientos durante esta epoca. A la misma vez, la comparacion de los paisajes construidos de Chachapoyas con otros de la sierra norte, central y sur, muestra la gran diversidad entre y dentro de cada region. Esta implica que Chachapoyas presenta sólo un ejemplo de muchas sociedades regionales que se caracterizaron por espacialidades y formas arquitectonicas distintas, las cuales evidencian prdcticas culturales e instituciones sociales locales. De este modo, la integratión de Chachapoyas en las historias arqueológicas ayuda a poner énfasis en la diversidad y el dinamismo que caracterizaron esta epoca de cambios importantes en elpasado andino.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 362 - 381
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2015

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