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Polychrome Pottery and Political Strategies in Late and Terminal Classic Lowland Maya Society

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lisa J. LeCount
Lisa J. LeCount*
Affiliation:
Visiting Assistant Professor, Department if Anthropology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487.
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Abstract

The analysis of decorated pottery across house mounds at the lowland Maya site of Xunantunich in Belize investigates the complex relationships between wealth, social status, and political strategies in state-level societies. Rather than using the distribution of decorated pottery as an indicator of social status, this study treats it as an independent variable and illustrates how prestige goods circulated as political currency to further political ambitions. Two social strata and the two ranks within each stratum are defined by architectural complexity and intersite location of house mounds at the Late Classic II (A. D. 670 to 790) to Terminal Classic (A. D. 790 to 1000) provincial center of Xunantunich and its nearby hamlet, San Lorenzo. During the Late Classic II phase, elaborately decorated pottery was found concentrated in elite households in the civic center, whereas during the Terminal Classic, when Xunantunich was in the process of collapse, they were found dispersed equally among all house mounds. I suggest that local elites, to maintain power, abandoned rival displays of prestige goods and attempted to consolidate community support by gifting luxury items down through the social hierarchy. This article, therefore, seeks not only to craft a clearer definition of wealth, but to build a model of when and how prestige goods function as a means to promote political strategies in state-level societies.

Resumen

Resumen

El analisis de la cerámica decorada distribuida a través montículos de hogares investiga las relaciones complejas entre riqueza, posición social, y estrategias políticas en las sociedades a nivel de estado. En vez de interpretar la distribución de riqueza como un indicador de la posición social, los estudios en Xunantunich, Belice, un centro Maya en las tierras bajas, demuestran cómo la circulación de cerámica finamente decorada fue utilizada como una suerte de moneda política para conseguir favores y satisfacer ambiciones políticas. En el centro provincial al igual que el vecino caserío de San Lorenzo durante el Clásico Tardío II (670-790 d. C.) hasta el término del período Clásico (790-1,000 d. C.) encontramos que hay dos estratos sociales con dos rangos dentro de cada estrato que están definidos por la complejidad arquitectónica y la manera como están localizados los montículos residenciales. Durante el Clásico Tardío II la alfarería con decoración fina se concentraba en los hogares de las élites del centro cívico, mientras que a finales del período Clásico, cuando Xunantunich se encontraba en el proceso de colapso, estos objetos se distribuyen por igual entre los montículos residenciales. Sugiero que las élites locales, en su afán de mantener el poder, dejaron de lado la competencia por exhibir su riqueza e intentaron consolidar el apoyo de la comunidad a través del obsequio de bienes de lujo. Por lo tanto este artículo no sólo busca crear un modelo que defina más claramente el significado de riqueza sino que también trata de explicar cuándo y cómo los bienes de prestigio funcionan como estrategias de promoción políticas en las sociedades estatales.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , September 1999 , pp. 239 - 258
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1999

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