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Paleoecological Evidence of an Early Postclassic Occupation in the Southwestern Maya Lowlands: Laguna Las Pozas, Guatemala

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kevin J. Johnston ,
Andrew J. Breckenridge  and
Barbara C. Hansen
Kevin J. Johnston
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, 244 Lord Hall 124 W. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1364
Andrew J. Breckenridge
Affiliation:
Large Lakes Observatory, 109 RLB, University of Minnesota at Duluth. 10 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812
Barbara C. Hansen
Affiliation:
Limnological Research Center, University of Minnesota, 220 Pillsbury Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0219
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Abstract

Magnetic, palynological, and paleoecological data indicate that in the Río de la Pasión drainage, one of the most thoroughly investigated areas of the southern Maya lowlands, a refugee population remained in the Laguna Las Pozas basin long after the Classic Maya collapse and the Terminal Classic period, previously identified by archaeologists as eras of near-total regional abandonment. During the Early Postclassic period, ca. A. D. 900 to 1200, agriculturalists colonized and deforested the Laguna Las Pozas basin for agriculture while adjacent, abandoned terrain was undergoing reforestation. After discussing the archaeological utility of magnetic analyses, we conclude that following the Maya collapse, some refugee populations migrated to geographically marginal non-degraded landscapes within the southern lowlands not previously occupied by the Classic Maya.

Los resultados de análisis magnéticos, palinológicos y paleoecológicos muestran que en el Valle del Río de la Pasión, una de las zonas más estudiadas de las Tierras Bajas del sur del área Maya, una población de refugiados permaneció en la cuenca de la Laguna Las Pozas hasta mucho después del colapso de la sociedad maya del Clásico y del periodo Clásico Terminal, hasta ahora considerados por los arqueólogos como periodos de Abandono casi total de la zona. Durante el Posclásico Temprano, c. 900-1200 d. C., la cuenca de la Laguna Las Pozas fue colonizada por campesinos y desforestada para el cultivo, mientras que el terreno abandonado adyacente experimentaba un proceso de reforestación. La aplicación paralela de técnicas de análisis magnéticos y palinológicos constituye una herramienta de investigación muy poderosa para el estudio de los cambios ambientales ecogénicos y antropogénicos. Los análisis magnéticos revelan tendencias de erosión y modificaciones del terreno local, mientras que los análisis de polen ayudan fundamentalmente a determinar los cambios en la vegetación a nivel regional. En este trabajo, tras una discusión sobre la utilidad arqueológica de los análisis magnéticos, llegamos a la conclusión de que después del colapso Maya, algunos grupos de refugiados emigraron a terrenos geográficamente marginales no degradados, dentro de los límites de las Tierras Bajas del sur (por ejemplo, a la cuenca de la Laguna Las Pozas), que no habían sido ocupados intensivamente por los mayas durante el periodo Clásico.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , June 2001 , pp. 149 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2000

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