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Exotic Goods and Everyday Chiefs: Long-Distance Exchange and Indigenous Sociopolitical Development in the South Central Andes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Paul S. Goldstein
Paul S. Goldstein*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 [email protected]
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Abstract

Long-distance exchange of exotic preciosities, while it can occur in any sociopolitical context, may be associated with both chiefly formation and state hegemony. In the south central Andes, shared stylistic elements in early complex societies of Paracas-Nasca on the Peruvian south coast and Pukara in the altiplano suggest their contact via intermediate areas. Unfortunately, interpretations of the interaction of these great traditions tend to neglect indigenous sociopolitical development in regions between the two culture areas. Recent systematic survey in one such intermediate region, Peru's Moquegua Valley, has shed light on an indigenous pre-Tiwanaku culture with distinctive regional settlement patterns, complex mortuary practices, and a local ceramic tradition known as Huaracane (385 cal B. C-cal A. D. 340). Surface collections and test excavations confirm a minimal presence of exotic Pukara and Paracas-Nasca ceramics and textiles in association with elite local residential contexts and a late Huaracane mortuary tradition known as “boot tombs” that appears after 170 cal B. C. As there is no general emulation of foreign styles, domestic activities, or practices, an agency-oriented local perspective is favored over globalist colonial or clientage models to explain the role of exotica in a climate of competitive sociopolitical development.

Resumen

Resumen

El intercambio de larga distancia de objetos preciosos se considera importante como indicador de la formación de cacicazgos y de la influencia estatal. Elementos compartidos entre las tradiciones Paracas-Nasca y Pukara han sugerido contactos entre ambos por regiones intermedias. Lamentablemente, los procesos de desarrollo social y político de las poblaciones indígenas en las regiones intermedias han sido casi olvidados por los arqueólogos. El reconocimiento sistemático del Valle de Moquegua, Perú nos ayuda a entender el patrón de asentamientos agro-alfareros pre-Tiwanaku, sus tradiciones habitacionales y mortuorias, y la distribución de un estilo cerámico local conocido como Huaracane (385 cal a. C-340 cal d. C.). El patrón de asentamiento se compone de aldeas pequeñas ubicadas muy cercana a los recursos agrícolas, con pocos sitios habitacionales de mayor rango. La tradición mortuoria de entierros en túmulos se aumenta a partir de 170 cal a. C. con la introducción de "tumbas botas", con ofrendas lujosas de carácter elite. Este sugiere una sociedad al nivel de cacicazgos locales. Recolecciones superficiales y excavaciones comprueban una presencia mínima de cerámica y textiles Pukara y Paracas-Nasca. Se considera el papel de tales objetos exóticos en el desarrollo social y político según modelos coloniales, de influencia política, y de la manipulación de intercambio exterior en un contexto de competencia local.

Type
Articles
Information
Latin American Antiquity , Volume 11 , Issue 4 , December 2000 , pp. 335 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2000

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