Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T16:49:02.677Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of uniform magnetic field on laser-produced Cu plasma and the deposited particles on the target surface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2017

K.S. Singh ,
A. Khare  and
A.K. Sharma
K.S. Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
A. Khare
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
A.K. Sharma*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: A.K. Sharma, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laser-produced copper plasma in the presence of variable transverse external magnetic field in air is investigated using optical emission spectroscopy. As the magnetic field increases from 0 to 0.5 T, the intensity of Cu I lines initially increases and then decreases slightly at a 0.5 T. The maximum intensity enhancement of all five Cu I lines occurs at a magnetic field of 0.3 T. The increase in intensity is attributed to an increase in the electron impact excitation of Cu. With increase in magnetic field, the electron density and temperature were found to increase due to increase in the confinement of plasma. The difference in intensity enhancement factor is due to the difference in excitation rate coefficients. The surface morphology of irradiated copper target is also analyzed at 0.3 T magnetic field at which the density is maximum and reveals the formation of Cu/Cu2O/CuO nanoparticles (NPs). More NPs are formed at the peripheral region than at the central region of the ablated crater and is due to the oxidation of Cu atom in the plasma–ambient interface. The larger grain size of nanostructures in the presence of magnetic field is due to an increase in the inverse pulsed laser deposition. The intensity of Raman peak of Cu2O decreases in the presence of magnetic field and that of CuO increases which is more likely due to conversion of Cu2O to CuO. The photoluminescence intensity of CuO increases in the presence of magnetic field due to the phase transformation of Cu2O to CuO in agreement with the result of Raman spectroscopy.

Keywords

Laser ablationMagnetic confinementPhotoluminescenceRaman spectroscopy
Type
Research Article
Information
Laser and Particle Beams , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , June 2017 , pp. 352 - 361
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Cabalin, L.M. & Laserna, J.J. (1998). Experimental determination of laser induced breakdown thresholds of metals under nanosecond Q-switched laser operation. Spectrochim. Acta B 53, 723–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, S.S., Lee, H.J. & Park, H.J. (2005). Photoluminescence properties of spark-processed CuO. Ceram. Int. 31, 411–415.Google Scholar
Chang, Y.J., Kuo, C.L. & Wang, N.Y. (2012). Assisted laser micromachining for highly reflective metals. J. Laser Micro Nanoeng. 7, 254–259.Google Scholar
Chen, F.F. (2011). Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Cullity, B. (1956). Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.Google Scholar
De Giacomo, A., Shakhatov, V.A., Senesi, G.S. & Orlando, S. (2001). Spectroscopic investigation of the technique of plasma assisted pulsed laser deposition of titanium dioxide. Spectrochim. Acta B: At. Spectrosc. 56, 1459–1472.Google Scholar
Fabbro, R., Fournier, J., Ballard, P., Devaux, D. & Virmont, J. (1990). Physical study of laser-produced plasma in confined geometry. J. Appl. Phys. 68, 775–784.Google Scholar
Galmed, A.H. & Harith, M.A. (2008). Temporal follow up of the LTE conditions in aluminum laser induced plasma at different laser energies. Appl. Phys. B 91, 651–660.Google Scholar
Griem, H.R. (1997). Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy. Cambridege, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guo, L.B., Hu, W., Zhang, B.Y., He, X.N., Li, C.M., Zhou, Y.S., Cai, Z.X., Zeng, X.Y. & Lu, Y.F. (2011). Enhancement of optical emission from laser-induced plasmas by combined spatial and magnetic confinement. Opt. Express 19, 14067–14075.Google Scholar
Hafez, M.A., Khedr, M.A., Elaksher, F.F. & Gamal, Y.E. (2003). Characteristics of Cu plasma produced by a laser interaction with a solid target. Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 12, 185–198.Google Scholar
Harilal, S.S., Tillack, M.S., O'Shay, B., Bindhu, C.V. & Najmabadi, F. (2004). Confinement and dynamics of laser-produced plasma expanding across a transverse magnetic field. Phys. Rev. E 69, 26413 (1–11).Google Scholar
Iftikhar, H., Bashir, S., Dawood, A., Akram, M., Hayat, A., Mahmood, K., Zaheer, A., Amin, S. & Murtaza, F. (2017). Magnetic field effect on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and surface modifications of germanium at various fluences. Laser Part. Beams 35, 159–169.Google Scholar
Illgner, C., Schaaf, P., Lieb, K.P., Queitsch, R. & Barnikel, J. (1998). Material transport during excimer-laser nitriding of iron. J. Appl. Phys. 83, 2907–2914.Google Scholar
Jawad, M.F., Ismail, R.A. & Yahea, K.Z. (2011). Preparation of nanocrystalline Cu2O thin film by pulsed laser deposition. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 22, 1244–1247.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, T., Akiyoshi, H. & Tachiki, M. (2002). Development of prominent PLD (Aurora method) suitable for high-quality and low-temperature film growth. Appl. Surf. Sci. 197, 294–303.Google Scholar
Kumar, A., George, S., Singh, R.K., Joshi, H. & Nampoori, V.P.N. (2011 a). Image analysis of expanding laser-produced lithium plasma plume in variable transverse magnetic field. Laser Part. Beams 29, 241–247.Google Scholar
Kumar, A., Singh, R.K. & Joshi, H. (2011 b). Effect of transverse magnetic field on the laser-blow-off plasma plume emission in the presence of ambient gas. Spectrochim. Acta B 66, 444–450.Google Scholar
Kunze, H.J. (2009). Introduction to Plasma Spectroscopy. Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
Lee, Y.I., Song, K., Cha, H.K., Lee, J.M., Park, M.C., Lee, G.H. & Sneddon, J. (1997). Influence of atmosphere and irradiation wavelength on copper plasma emission induced by excimer and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser ablation. Appl. Spectrosc. 51, 959–964.Google Scholar
Mageshwari, K. & Sathyamoorthy, R. (2013). Flower-shaped CuO nanostructures: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 29, 909–914.Google Scholar
Man, B.Y., Dong, Q.L., Liu, A.H., Wei, X.Q., Zhang, Q.G., He, J.L. & Wang, X.T. (2004). Line-broadening analysis of plasma emission produced by laser ablation of metal Cu. J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 6, 17–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mao, Y., He, J., Sun, X., Li, W., Lu, X., Gan, J., Liu, Z., Gong, L., Chen, J., Liu, P. & Tong, Y. (2012). Electrochemical synthesis of hierarchical Cu2O stars with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. Electrochim. Acta 62, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Misra, A., Mitra, A. & Thareja, R.K. (1999). Diagnostics of laser ablated plasmas using fast photography. Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 929–931.Google Scholar
Mostako, A.T.T. & Khare, A. (2012). Molybdenum thin films via pulsed laser deposition technique for first mirror application. Laser Part. Beams 30, 559–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musaev, O.R., Sutter, E.A., Wrobel, J.M. & Kruger, M.B. (2016). The effect of magnetic field on the products of laser ablation. Appl. Phys. A 122, 95 (1–5).Google Scholar
Muthe, K., Vyas, J., Narang, S.N., Aswal, D., Gupta, S., Bhattacharya, D., Pinto, R., Kothiyal, G. & Sabharwal, S. (1998). A study of the CuO phase formation during thin film deposition by molecular beam epitaxy. Thin Solid Films 324, 37–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nedyalkov, N., Nikolov, A., Atanasov, P., Alexandrov, M., Terakawa, M. & Shimizu, H. (2014). Nanostructured Au film produced by pulsed laser deposition in air at atmospheric pressure. Opt. Laser Technol. 64, 41–45.Google Scholar
National Institute of Standards & Technology. http://www.nist.gov (for atomic spectra).Google Scholar
Ogale, S.B., Bilurkar, P.G., Mate, N., Kanetkar, S.M., Parikh, N. & Patnaik, B. (1992). Deposition of copper oxide thin films on different substrates by pulsed excimer laser ablation. J. Appl. Phys. 72, 3765–3769.Google Scholar
Pandey, P.K. & Thareja, R.K. (2011). Surface nanostructuring of laser ablated copper in ambient gas atmosphere and a magnetic field. Phys. Plasmas 18, 033505 (1–6).Google Scholar
Patel, D.N., Singh, R.P. & Thareja, R.K. (2014). Craters and nanostructures with laser ablation of metal/metal alloy in air and liquid. Appl. Surf. Sci. 288, 550–557.Google Scholar
Pereira, A., Cros, A., Delaporte, P., Georgiou, S., Manousaki, A., Marine, W. & Sentis, M. (2004). Surface nanostructuring of metals by laser irradiation: effects of pulse duration, wavelength and gas atmosphere. Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 79, 1433–1437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, A., Delaporte, P., Sentis, M., Marine, W., Thomann, A.L. & Boulmer-Leborgne, C. (2005). Optical and morphological investigation of backward-deposited layer induced by laser ablation of steel in ambient air. J. Appl. Phys. 98, 064902 (1–8).Google Scholar
Qindeel, R., Bidin, N.B. & Daud, Y.M. (2008). Dynamics expansion of laser produced plasma with different materials in magnetic field. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 142, 012069 (1–4).Google Scholar
Rai, V.N., Rai, A.K., Yueh, F.Y. & Singh, J.P. (2003 a). Optical emission from laser-induced breakdown plasma of solid and liquid samples in the presence of a magnetic field. Appl. Opt. 42, 2085–2093.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rai, V.N., Singh, J.P., Yueh, F.Y. & Cook, R.L. (2003 b). Study of optical emission from laser-produced plasma expanding across an external magnetic field. Laser Part. Beams 21, 65–71.Google Scholar
Raju, M.S., Singh, R.K., Gopinath, P. & Kumar, A. (2014). Influence of magnetic field on laser-produced barium plasmas: spectral and dynamic behaviour of neutral and ionic species. J. Appl. Phys. 116, 153301 (1–11).Google Scholar
Rashad, M., Rüsing, M., Berth, G., Lischka, K. & Pawlis, A. (2013). CuO and Co3O4 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterizations, and Raman spectroscopy. J. Nanomater. 2013, 714853 (1–6).Google Scholar
Roy, A., Harilal, S.S., Hassan, S.M., Endo, A., Mocek, T. & Hassanein, A. (2015). Collimation of laser-produced plasmas using axial magnetic field. Laser Part. Beams 33, 175–182.Google Scholar
Shanmugan, S. & Mutharasu, D. (2012). Formation of copper oxide thin films from RF sputtered Cu thin film by ultra high pure boiled water. IEEE-ICSE2012 Proc., p. 132.Google Scholar
Shen, X.K., Lu, Y.F., Gebre, T., Ling, H. & Han, Y.X. (2006). Optical emission in ally confined laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 100, 053303 (1–7).Google Scholar
Shukla, G. & Khare, A. (2010). Spectroscopic studies of laser ablated ZnO plasma and correlation with pulsed laser deposited ZnO thin film properties. Laser Part. Beams 28, 149–155.Google Scholar
Singh, K.S. & Sharma, A.K. (2016 a). Multi-structured temporal behavior of neutral copper transitions in laser-produced plasma in the presence of variable transverse static magnetic field. Phys. Plasmas 23, 013304 (1–11).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, K.S. & Sharma, A.K. (2016 b). Spatially resolved behavior of laser-produced copper plasma along expansion direction in the presence of static uniform magnetic field. Phys. Plasmas 23, 122104 (1–9).Google Scholar
Singh, K.S. & Sharma, A.K. (2016 c). Effect of variation of magnetic field on laser ablation depth of copper and aluminum targets in air atmosphere. J. Appl. Phys. 119, 183301 (1–11).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szorenyi, T. & Geretovszky, Z. (2004). Comparison of growth rate and surface structure of carbon nitride films, pulsed laser deposited in parallel, on axis planes. Thin Solid Films 453, 431–435.Google Scholar
Szörényi, T. & Geretovszky, Z. (2005). Thin film growth by inverse pulsed laser deposition. Thin Solid Films 484, 165–169.Google Scholar
Thareja, R.K. & Sharma, A.K. (2006). Reactive pulsed laser ablation: plasma studies. Laser Part. Beams 24, 311–320.Google Scholar
Wang, W.Z., Zhou, Q., Fei, X.M., He, Y.B., Zhang, P.C., Zhang, G.L., Peng, L. & Xie, W.J. (2010). Synthesis of CuO nano- and micro-structures and their Raman spectroscopic studies. Crystengcomm 12, 2232–2237.Google Scholar
Zeng, D.W., Yung, K.C. & Xie, C.S. (2003). UV Nd: YAG laser ablation of copper: chemical states in both crater and halo studied by XPS. Appl. Surf. Sci. 217, 170–180.Google Scholar
Zmerli, B., Ben Nessib, N., Dimitrijevic, M.S. & Sahal-Brechot, S. (2010). Stark broadening calculations of neutral copper spectral lines and temperature dependence. Phys. Scr. 82, 055301 (1–9).Google Scholar