Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:53:12.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Linguistics retention and diffusion in Bella Coola

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

Stanley Newman
Stanley Newman
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The ecological vocabulary of the Bella Coola, who speak a Salish language of the American Northwest Coast, shows a larger proportion of loanwords than of forms retained from the parent language. Over a period of centuries the Bella Coola were in contact with many non-Salish tribes, but the direction of their borrowing was highly selective. Although their most intimate contacts were with speakers of Athapaskan and Wakashan, the overwhelming proportion of their ecological loans are Wakashan. This selectivity is explained by cultural affinity rather than intimacy of contact. (Language and cultural history, sociolinguistics, lexical borrowing, ecological vocabulary, Northwest Coast, Bella Coola Indians.)

Type
Articles: Areal Contexts of Change
Information
Language in Society , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , October 1974 , pp. 201 - 214
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Boas, F. (1891). Physical characteristics of the Indians of the North Pacific Coast. Am A 4. 25–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, F. (1898). The mythology of the Bella Coola Indians. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. II.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1913). Tsimshian. In: Handbook of American Indian Languages. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40, Pt. I. 283–423.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1913–1914). Ethnology of the Kwakiutl. 35th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Vol. 2. 1390–466.Google Scholar
Boas, F. (1928). Bella Bella texts. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology, No. 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boas, F. (1947). Kwakiutl grammar: with a glossary of the suffixes. Yampolsky, Helen Boas (ed.), (New Series, 37, pt. 3. 201–377.) Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.Google Scholar
Darnell, R. & Sherzer, J. (1971). Areal linguistic studies in North America: a historical perspective. IJAL 37. 20–8.Google Scholar
Drachman, G. (1969) Twana phonology. Working Papers in Linguistics, No. 5. Columbus: Ohio State University.Google Scholar
Drucker, P. (1965). Cultures of the North Pacific coast. San Francisco: Chandler Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Elmendorf, W. & Suttles, W. (1960). Pattern and change in Halcomelem Salish dialects. AnL 2 (7). 1–32.Google Scholar
Gates, R. R. & Darby, G. E. (1934). Blood groups and physiognomy of British Columbia Coastal Indians. JRAI 64. 23–44.Google Scholar
Haas, M. R. (1969). The prehistory of languages. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Hess, T. (n.d.) A stem list of Northern Puget Salish including lexical suffixes. Mimeographed.Google Scholar
Hindle, L. & Rigsby, B. (1973). A short practical dictionary of the Gitksan language. Moscow, Idaho: Northwest Anthropological Research Notes.Google Scholar
Hulse, F. S. (1955). Blood-types and mating patterns among Northwest Coast Indians. SWJA II. 93–104.Google Scholar
Jacobs, M. (1937). Historic perspectives in Indian languages of Oregon and Washington. Pacific Northwest Quarterly 28. 55–74.Google Scholar
Kinkade, M. Dale. (1972a). The alveopalatal shift in Cowlitz Salish. In Working Papers in Linguistics, Thompson, L. C. (ed.) 4 (3). 1–24. Honolulu: University of Hawaii. Mimeographed.Google Scholar
Kinkade, M. Dale. (1972b). Proto-Eastern interior Salish vowels. IJAL 38. 26–48.Google Scholar
Krauss, M. E. (1964). Proto-Athapaskan-Eyak and the problem of Nadene: the phonology.IJAL 30. 118–31.Google Scholar
Kreuger, J. R. (1960–1961). Miscellanea Selica. AnL 2 (7). 33–8. 3 (2). 11–18. 3 (9). 43–52.Google Scholar
Kuipers, A. H. (1967). The Squamish language: grammar, texts, dictionary, pt. I. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuipers, A. H. (1969a). The Squamish language:grammar, texts dictionary, pt. 2. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuipers, A. H. (1969b). Towards a Salish etymological dictionary. Victoria, B.C.: Fourth International Conference on Salish Languages.Google Scholar
Mcllwraith, T. F. (1948) The Bella Coola Indians. 2 Vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Morice, A. G. (1932). The Carrier language. Bibliothéque Linguistique Antropos, Tome IX. 2 Vols.Google Scholar
Naish, C. & Story, G. (1963). English-Tlingit dictionary: nouns. Fairbanks: Summer Institute of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Nater, H. et al. (1973) Bella Coola etymologies. In Dutch Contributions to the 8th International Conference on Salish Languages Held at Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A. Aug. 13–15, 1973. Leiden. Mimeographed.Google Scholar
Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen. (1969). Entlehnung von Tiernamen in Tsimshian und Na-Dene sowie Grundsätzliches zur Entlehnungsfrage bei Indianersprachen. Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 94 (1). 82–102.Google Scholar
Reichard, G. (1938). Coeur d'Alene. In Handbook of American Indian Languages, Vol. 3, New York: J. J. Augustin. 515–707.Google Scholar
Reichard, G.Stem list of the Coeur d'Alene language. IJAL 10. 92–108.Google Scholar
Rigsby, B. (1965). Linguistic relations in the Southern Plateau. (Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation in anthropology, Eugene, University of Oregon) Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms.Google Scholar
Rigsby, B. (1969). Some linguistic insights into recent Tsimshian prehistory. Ms.Google Scholar
Rigsby, B.(1971). An anthropological linguistic view of Sahaptian/Interior Salish relations. Ms.Google Scholar
Sapir, E. 1915. Noun reduplication in Comox, a Salish language of Vancouver Island. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sapir, E. (1949). [1916] Time perspective in aboriginal American culture: a study in method. In Mandelbaum, D. G. (ed.) Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture, and personality. Berkeley: University of California Press. 389–462.Google Scholar
Sapir, E. & Swadesh, M. (1939). Nootka texts. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Sherzer, J. & Bauman, R. (1972). Areal studies and culture history: language as a key to the historical study of culture contacts. SWJA 28. 131–52.Google Scholar
Snyder, W. A. (1968). Southern Puget Sound Salish: texts, place names and dictionary. Sacramento Anthropological Society, Paper 9.Google Scholar
Suttles, W. (1951,). Early diffusion of the potato among the Coast Salish. SWJA 7. 272–88.Google Scholar
Swadesh, M.Salish internal relationships. IJAL 16. 157–67.Google Scholar
Swadesh, M. (1952). Salish phonologic geography. Lg. 28. 232–48.Google Scholar
Vogt, H. (1940). The Kalispel language: an outline of the grammar with texts, translations, and dictionary. Oslo: I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad.Google Scholar