Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:29:21.221Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A bibliography of fieldwork in the ethnography of communication1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2008

Gerry Philipsen  and
Donal Carbaugh
Gerry Philipsen
Affiliation:
Department of Speech Communication, University of Washington
Donal Carbaugh
Affiliation:
Department of Communication, University of Pittsburgh
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In 1962, Dell Hymes proposed the project he subsequently named the ethnography of communication (Hymes 1961, 1962, 1964b). Its central motive was to create a theory of linguistic communication which is grounded in the comparative analysis of many communities and their distinctive ways of speaking. Just as there is a comparative politics, law, religion, and so forth, he said, so should there be a comparative analysis of “studies ethnographic in basis and communicative in scope” (Hymes 1964b:9). Such studies would be “whole ethnographies focused on communicative behavior” (1964b:9) and would be guided by, and subsequently used to guide the revision of, a descriptive framework which itself is a model of sociolinguistic description.

Type
Articles
Information
Language in Society , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , September 1986 , pp. 387 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abrahams, R. D. (1964). Deep down in the jungle: Negro narrative folklore from the streets of Philadelphia. Hatboro, Penn.: Folklore Associates.Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1972). The training of the man of words in talking sweet. Language in Society 1:15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1974). Black talking on the streets. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 240–62.Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1975). Folklore and communication on St. Vincent. In D. Ben-Amos & K. Goldstein, 1975. 287–300.Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D. (1983). The man-of-words in the West Indies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Abrahams, R. D., & Bauman, R. (1971). Sense and nonsense in St. Vincent: Speech behavior and decorum in a Caribbean community. American Anthropologist 73:762–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adams, C. R. (1982). Lexical accession in Sharamboko: A camp language in Lesotho. Anthropological Linguistics 24:137–82.Google Scholar
Agar, M. (1974). Talking about doing: Lexicon and event. Language in Society 3:83–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agar, M. (1975). Cognition and events. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 41–56.Google Scholar
Albert, E. (1972). Culture patterning of speech behavior in Burundi. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 72–105.Google Scholar
Arewa, E. O., & Dundes, A. (1964). Proverbs and the ethnography of speaking folklore. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (eds.), “The ethnography of communication.” American Anthropologist 66 (part 2):70–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arno, A. (1980). Fijian gossip as adjudication: A communication model of social control. Journal of Anthropological Research 36:343–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arno, A. (1985). Structural communication and control communication: An interactionist perspective on legal and customary procedures for conflict management. American Anthropologist 87: 40–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, J. M. (1984). “Wrapped words”: Poetry and politics among the Wana of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In D. L. Brenneis & F. R. Myers, 1984. 33–68.Google Scholar
Basgov, I. (1975). The tale-singer and his audience. In D. Ben-Amos & K. Goldstein, 1975. 143–203.Google Scholar
Basso, E. (1973). The use of Portuguese relationship terms in Kalapalo (Xingu Carib) encounters: Changes in a central Brazilian communications network. Language in Society 2:1–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, K. (1970). To “give up on words”: Silence in the Western Apache culture. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 26:213–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, K. (1972). Ice and travel among the Fort Norman Slave: Folk taxonomies and cultural roles. Language in Society 1:31–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, K. (1973). A Western Apache writing system: The symbols of Silas John. Science 180:1013–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basso, K. (1974). The ethnography of writing. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 425–32.Google Scholar
Basso, K. (1976). “Wise words” of the Western Apache. In Basso, K. & Selby, H. (eds.), Meaning in anthropology. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.Google Scholar
Basso, K. (1979). Portraits of “the whiteman”: Linguistic play and cultural symbols among the Western Apache. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, K. (1984). “Stalking with stories”: Names, places, and moral narratives among Western Apache. In Bruner, E. (ed.), Text, play, and story: The construction and reconstruction of self and society. Proceedings of the American Ethnological Society. Washington, D.C.: American Ethnological Society.Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1970). Aspects of 17th century Quaker rhetoric. Quarterly Journal of Speech 56:67–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, R. (1972a). An analysis of Quaker-Seneca councils, 1798–1800. Man in the Northeast 13:36–48.Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1972b). The La Have Island general store. Journal of American Folklore 85:330–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, R. (1974). Speaking in the light: The role of the Quaker minister. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 144–60.Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1975). Quaker folklinguistics and folklore. In D. Ben-Amos & K. Goldstein, 1975. 255–63.Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1977). Verbal art as performance. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Bauman, R. (1983). Let your words be few: Symbolism of speaking and silence among seventeenth century Quakers. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bauman, R., & Sherzer, J. (eds.) (1974). Explorations in the ethnography of speaking. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bauman, R., & Sherzer, J. (n.d.). Case studies in the ethnography of speaking. Austin, Tex.: Southwest Educational Development Laboratory.Google Scholar
Beeman, W. O. (1976). Status, style and strategy in Iranian interaction. Anthropological Linguistics 18:305–22.Google Scholar
Bell, A. (1984). Language style as audience design. Language in Society 13:145–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, M. J. (1983). The world from Brown's Lounge: An ethnography of Black middle-class play. Champaign: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Ben-Amos, D., & Goldstein, K. S. (eds.) (1975). Folklore: Performance and communication. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, G. R. (1977). Tone of voice in Japanese conversation. Language in Society 6:1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloch, M. (ed.) (1975). Political language and oratory in traditional societies. London: Academic.Google Scholar
Blom, J., & Gumperz, J. J. (1972). Social meaning in linguistic structure: Code switching in Norway. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 409–34.Google Scholar
Blount, B. (1972). Aspects of Luo socialization. Language in Society 1:235–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blount, B. (1975). Agreeing to agree on genealogy: A Luo sociology of knowledge. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 117–35.Google Scholar
Boggs, S. T. (1972). The meaning of questions and narratives to Hawaiian children. In C. B. Cazden, V. P. John, & D. Hymes, 1972. 299–327.Google Scholar
Boggs, S. T. (1978). The development of verbal disputing in part-Hawaiian children. Language in Society 7:325–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boggs, S. T., & Watson-Gegeo, K. A. (1978). Interweaving routines: Strategies for encompassing a social situation. Language in Society 7:375–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breitborde, L. B. (1975). Communicating insults and compliments in Jacaltec. Anthropological Linguistics 17:381–403.Google Scholar
Breitborde, L. B. (1983). Levels of analysis in sociolinguistic explanation: Bilingual code switching, social relations, and domain theory. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 39:5–43.Google Scholar
Brenneis, D. (1978). The matter of talk: Political performances in Bhatgaon. Language in Society 7:159–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenneis, D. (1984). Grog and gossip in Bhatgaon: Style and substance in Fiji Indian conversation. American Ethnologist 11:487–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenneis, D. L., & Myers, F. R. (eds.) (1984). Dangerous words: Language and politics in the Pacific. New York and London: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Bricker, V. R. (1974a). The ethnographic context of some traditional Mayan speech genres. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 368–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bricker, V. R. (1974b). Some cognitive implications of informant variability in Zinacanteco speech classification. Language in Society 3:69–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bricker, V. R. (1976). Some Zinacanteco joking strategies. In B. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 1976. 51–62.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. L. (1983). Questions for the ethnographer: A critical examination of the role of the interview in fieldwork. Semiotica 46:233–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, C. L. (1984). Learning how to ask: Native metacommunicative competence and the incompetence of fieldworkers. Language in Society 13:1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In Goody, E. (ed.), Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction. Cambridge University Press. 56–289.Google Scholar
Brukman, J. (1975). “Tongue play”: Constitutive and interpretive properties of sexual joking encounters among the Koya of South India. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 235–68.Google Scholar
Burns, A. F. (1980). Interactive features in Yucatec Mayan narratives. Language in Society 9:307–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caravelli-Chaves, A. (1980). Bridge between worlds: The Greek women's lament as communicative event. Journal of American folklore 93:129–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carbaugh, D. (in press). Communication rules in DONAHUE discourse. Papers in Linguistics.Google Scholar
Cazden, C. B., John, V. P., & Hymes, D. (eds.) (1972). Functions of language in the classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
Clark, H. H., & French, J. W. (1981). Telephone goodbyes. Language in Society 10:1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covelli, L. H., & Murray, S. O. (1980). Accomplishing topic change. Anthropological Linguistics 22:382–89.Google Scholar
Crumrine, L. (1968). An ethnography of Mayo speaking. Anthropological Linguistics 10:19–31.Google Scholar
Daniel, J. L., & Smitherman, G. (1976). How I got over: Communication dynamics in the Black community. Quarterly Journal of Speech 62:26–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darnell, R. (1970). The Kaska aesthetic of speech use. Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 2:130–39.Google Scholar
Darnell, R. (1974). Correlates of Cree narrative performance. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 315–36.Google Scholar
Dumont, R. V. Jr., (1972). Learning English and how to be silent: Studies in Sioux and Cherokee classrooms. In C. B. Cazden, V. P. John, & D. Hymes, 1972. 344–69.Google Scholar
Dundes, A. (1977). Jokes and covert language attitudes: The curious case of the wide-mouth frog. Language in Society 6:141–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duran, R. P. (ed.) (1981). Latino language and communicative behavior. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.Google Scholar
Duranti, A. (1981). The Samoan fono: A sociolinguistic study. (Pacific Linguistic Series B, No. 80.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Duranti, A. (1983). Samoan speechmaking across social events: One genre in and out of & fono. Language in Society 12:1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duranti, A. (1984). Lauga and Talanoaga: Two speech genres in a Samoan political event. In D. L. Brenneis & F. R. Myers, 1984. 217–42.Google Scholar
Edwards, J., Rosberg, M., & Hoy, L. P. (1975). Conversation in a West Indian taxi: An ethnolinguistic analysis. Language in Society 4:295–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, W. F. (1979). Speech acts in Guyana: Communicating ritual and personal insults. Journal of Black Studies 10:2–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enninger, W. (1984). On the role of artifactual signification and communication in the organization of speaking. Papers in Linguistics 17:53–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enninger, W., & Raith, J. (1982). An ethnography-of-communication approach to ceremonial situations: A study on communication in institutionalized social contexts. The Older Amish Church Service. Weisbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag.Google Scholar
Erickson, F., & Schultz, J. (1982). The counselor as gatekeeper: Social interactions in interviews. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Paris, J. C. (1968). Validation in ethnographical description: The lexicon of “occasions” in Cat Harbor. Man 3:112–24.Google Scholar
Feld, S. (1982). Sound and sentiment: Birds, weeping, poetics and song in Kaluli expression. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Feld, S., & Schieffelin, B. B. (1981). Hard talk: A functional basis for Kaluli discourse. In Tannen, D. (ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1981. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 350–70.Google Scholar
Fellman, J. (1976). Amhara verbal behavior. Anthropological Linguistics 18:8–10.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. A. (1983). Sports announcer talk: Syntactic aspects of register variation. Language in Society 12:153–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Firth, R. (1975). Speech-making and authority in Tikopia. In M. Bloch, 1975. 29–43.Google Scholar
Fischer, J. L. (1972). The stylistic significance of consonantal Sandhi in Trukese and Ponapean. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 500–11.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, D. K. (1975). The language of ritual events.among the GA of Southern Ghana. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 205–34.Google Scholar
Folb, E. A. (1980). Runnin' down some lines: The language and culture of Black teenagers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, M. K. (1971). Speaking in the longhouse at Six Nations Reserve. In Darnell, R. (ed.), Linguistic diversity in Canadian society. Edmonton: Linguistic Research, Inc. 129–154.Google Scholar
Foster, M. K. (1974a). From the earth to beyond the sky: An ethnographic approach to four longhouse Iroquois speech events. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, M. K. (1974b). When words become deeds: An analysis of three Iroquois longhouse speech events. In R. Bauman & J. Shezer, 1974. 354–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, J. (1974). “Our ancestors spoke in pairs”: Rotinese views of language, dialect and code. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 65–85.Google Scholar
Frake, C. O. (1964). How to ask for a drink in Subanun. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (eds.), “The ethnography of communication.” American Anthropologist 66 (part 2):127–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frake, C. O. (1972). “Struck by speech”: The Yakan concept of litigation. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 109–22.Google Scholar
Frake, C. O. (1975). How to enter a Yakan house. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 25–40.Google Scholar
Friedrich, P. (1972). Social context and semantic feature: The Russian pronominal usage. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 272–300.Google Scholar
Gal, S. (1978). Peasant men can't get wives: Language change and sex roles in a bilingual community. Language in Society 7:1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, J. (1981). Preparing to leave: Interaction at a Mexican-American gathering. In R. Duran, 1981. 195–215.Google Scholar
Garner, T. (1983). Playing the dozens: Folklore as strategies for living. Quarterly Journal of Speech 69:47–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gewertz, D. (1984). Of symbolic anchors and sago soup: The rhetoric of exchange among the Chambri of Papua New Guinea. In D. L. Brenneis & F. R. Myers, 1984. 192–213.Google Scholar
Gibbon, D. (1981). Idiomaticity and functional variation: A case study of international amateur radio talk. Language in Society 10:21–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godard, D. (1977). Same setting, different norms: Phone call beginnings in France and the United States. Language in Society 6:209–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, L. R. (1980). Speech categories and the study of disputes: A New Guinea example. Oceania 50:209–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, L. R. (1983). Talk never dies: The language of Hull disputes. London and New York: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Gossen, G. H. (1974a). Chamulas in the world of the sun: Time and speech in a Maya oral tradition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gossen, G. H. (1974b). To speak with a heated heart: Chamula canons of style and good performance. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 389–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gossen, G. H. (1976). Verbal dueling in Chamula. In B. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, 1976. 121–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. L., & Wallat, C. (eds.) (1981). Ethnography and language in educational settings. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.Google Scholar
Grobsmith, E. S. (1979). Styles of speaking: An analysis of Lakota communication alternatives. Anthropological Linguistics 21:355–61.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. (1978). Dialect and conversational inference in urban communication. Language in Society 7:393–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gumperz, J. (ed.) (1982). Language and social identity. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J., & Hymes, D. (eds.) (1972). Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. New York: Holt, Kinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Halpern, B. K. (1977). Thoughts on communicative competence in a Serbian village. In Halpern, B. & Halpern, J. (eds.), Selected papers on a Serbian village: Social structure as reflected by history, demography, and oral tradition. (Report no. 17.) Amherst: Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts. 125–40.Google Scholar
Halpern, B. K. (1981). Text and context in Serbian ritual lament. Canadian-American Slavic Studies 15:52–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanks, W. F. (1984). Sanctification, structure, and experience in a Yucatec ritual event. Journal of American Folklore 97:131–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haring, L. (1985). Malagasy riddling. Journal of American Folklore 98:163–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haviland, J. B. (1979a). Gossip, reputation, and knowledge in Zinacantan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Haviland, J. B. (1979b). Guugu Yimidhirr brother-in-law language. Language in Society 8:365–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, S. B. (1982). What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and school. Language in Society 11:49–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words: Language, life and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoben, S. J. (1976). Amhara verbal behavior: A commentary. Anthropological Linguistics 18:380–86.Google Scholar
Hogan, H. M. (1971). An ethnography of communication among the Ashanti. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, I. Austin: University of Texas.Google Scholar
Hollos, M., & Beeman, W. (1978). The development of directives among Norwegian and Hungarian children: An example of communicative style in culture. Language in Society 7:345–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoover, M. R. (1978). Community attitudes toward Black English. Language in Society 7:65–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horner, V., & Gussow, J. (1972). John and Mary: A pilot study in linguistic ecology. In C. B. Cazden, V. P. John, & D. Hymes, 1972. 155–94.Google Scholar
Howe, J. (1977). Carrying the village: Cuna political metaphors. In J. D. Sapir & J. C. Crocker, 1977. 132–63.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1966). Two types of linguistic relativity. In Bright, W. (ed.), Sociolinguistics. The Hague: Mouton. 114–58.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1981). “In vain I tried to tell you”: Essays in Native American ethnopoetics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, J. (1974). Strategies of status manipulation in the Wolof greeting. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 167–91.Google Scholar
Irvine, J. (1978). Wolof noun classification: The social setting of divergent change. Language in Society 7:37–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irvine, J. (1980). How not to ask a favor in Wolof. Papers in Linguistics: International Journal of Human Communication 13:3–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, J. (1974). Language identity of the Colombian Vaupes Indians. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 50–64.Google Scholar
Jonz, J. G. (1975). Situated address in the United States Marine Corps. Anthropological Linguistics 17:68–77.Google Scholar
Katriel, T. (1985). Brogez: Ritual and strategy in Israeli children's conflicts. Language in Society 14:467–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katriel, T. (in press). “Dugri” speech: Talking straight in Israeli “Sabra” culture. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Katriel, T. (in press). “Griping” as a verbal ritual in some Israeli discourse. In Dascal, M. (ed.), Dialogue: An interdisciplinary approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Katriel, T., & Philipsen, G. (1981). “What we need is communication”: “Communication” as a cultural category in some American speech. Communication Monographs 48:302–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, E. (1974). Norm-makers, norm-breakers: Use of speech by men and women in a Malagasy community. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 125–43.Google Scholar
Keenan, E. (1975). A sliding sense of obligatoriness: The poly-structure of Malagasy oratory. Language in Society 2:225–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keenan, E. (1976). The universality of conversational postulates. Language in Society 5:67–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenny, M. (1965). Poise and counterpoise in the presentation of Spanish self. Anthropological Linguistics 7:79–91.Google Scholar
Kernan, K., Sodergren, J., & French, R. (1977). Speech and social prestige in the Belizian speech community. In Blount, B. & Sanches, M. (eds.), Sociocultural dimensions of language change. New York: Academic. 35–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1974). The concept and varieties of narrative performance in East European Jewish culture. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 283–314.Google Scholar
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1975). A parable in context: A social interactional analysis of storytelling performance. In D. Ben-Amos & K. Goldstein, 1975. 105–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (ed.) (1976). Speech play: Research and resources for studying linguistic creativity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochman, T. (1970). Toward an ethnography of Black American speech behavior. In Szwed, J. & Whitten, N. (eds.), Afro-American anthropology: Contemporary perspectives. New York: Free Press. 145–62.Google Scholar
Kochman, T. (1972a). Black American speech events and a language program for the classroom. In C. B. Cazden, V. P. John, D. Hymes, 1972. 211–61.Google Scholar
Kochman, T. (ed.) (1972b). Rappin' and stylin' out: Communication in urban Black America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972). Rules for ritual insults. In T. Kochman, 1972b. 265–314.Google Scholar
Lancy, D. F. (1980). Speech events in a West-African court. Communication & Cognition 13:397–412.Google Scholar
Lederman, R. (1984). Who speaks here? Formality and the politics of gender in Mendi, Highland Papua New Guinea, In D. L. Brenneis & F. R. Myers, 1984. 85–107.Google Scholar
Lein, L., & Brenneis, D. (1978). Children's disputes in three speech communities. Language in Society 7:299–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loveday, L. (1981). Making an occasion: The linguistic components of ritual. Anthropological Linguistics 23:135–53.Google Scholar
Loveday, L. (1983). Rhetoric patterns of conflict: The sociocultural relativity of discourse-organizing processes. Journal of Pragmatics 7:169–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Malcolm, I. (1982). Speech events of the Aboriginal classroom. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 36:115–34.Google Scholar
Marcus, G. E. (1984). Three perspectives on role distance in conversation between Tongan nobles and their “people.” In D. L. Brenneis & F. R. Myers, 1984. 243–65.Google Scholar
Mathias, E. (1976). Gara-Poetica: Sardinian shepherds' verbal dueling and expression of male values in an agro-pastoral society. Ethnos 46:483–507.Google Scholar
McDowell, J. (1979). Children's riddling. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
McDowell, J. (1983). The semiotic constitution of Kamsá ritual language. Language in Society 12:23–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menez, H. Q. (1975). Filipino-America erotica and the ethnography of a folkloric event. In D. Ben-Amos & K. Goldstein, 1975. 131–41.Google Scholar
Minderhout, D. J. (1975). The Tobagonian wedding speech. Anthropological Linguistics 17:404–12.Google Scholar
Mitchell-Kernan, C. (1972a). Signifying and marking: Two Afro-American speech acts. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 163–79.Google Scholar
Mitchell-Kernan, C. (1972b). Signifying, loud-talking and marking. In T. Kochman, 1972b. 315–35.Google Scholar
Mitchell-Kernan, C., & Kernan, K. T. (1975). Children's insults: America and Samoa. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 307–15.Google Scholar
Morris, M. (1981). Saying and meaning in Puerto Rico: Some problems in the ethnography of discourse. Oxford: Pergamon.Google Scholar
Murphy, R. P. (1978). Sociolinguistics in the movies: A call for research. Anthropological Linguistics 20:226–33.Google Scholar
Murray, S. O. (1979). The art of gay insulting. Anthropological Linguistics 21:211–23.Google Scholar
Ndoma, U. (1983). The Bakongo (Bandibu) oratorical practice: Examining a speech situation. Ethnos 48:85–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs, E. (1982). Talking to children in Western Samoa. Language in Society 11:77–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ochs, E. (1983a). Planned and unplanned discourse. In Ochs, E. & Schieffelin, B. (eds.), Acquiring conversational competence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 129–57.Google Scholar
Ochs, E. (1983b). Cultural dimensions of language acquisition. In Ochs, E. & Schieffelin, B. (eds.), Acquiring conversational competence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 185–91.Google Scholar
Paine, R. (ed.) (1981). Politically speaking: Cross-cultural studies of rhetoric. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues.Google Scholar
Paulston, C. B. (1976). Pronouns of address in Swedish: Social class semantics and a changing system. Language in Society 5:359–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peek, P. (1981). The power of words in African verbal arts. Journal of American Folklore 94:19–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philips, S. U. (1970). Acquisition of rules for appropriate speech usage. In J. Alatis (ed.), Georgetown University Monograph Series on Language and Linguistics 23:77–101.Google Scholar
Philips, S. U. (1974). Warm Springs “Indian time”: How the regulation of psrticipstion affects the progression of events. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 92–109.Google Scholar
Philips, S. U. (1976). Some sources of culture variability in the regulation of talk. Language in Society 5:81–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philips, S. U. (1982). The invisible culture: Communication in classroom and community on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Philipsen, G. (1975). Speaking “like a man” in Teamsterville: Culture patterns of role enactment in an urban neighborhood. Quarterly Journal of Speech 61:13–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philipsen, G. (1976). Places for speaking in Teamsterville. Quarterly Journal of Speech 62:15–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platt, J. T. (1977). A model for polyglossia and multilingualism (with special reference to Singapore and Malaysia). Language in Society 6:361–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisman, K. (1974). Contrapuntal conversations in an Antiguan village. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 110–24.Google Scholar
Rosaldo, M. Z. (1973). I have nothing to hide: The language of Ilongot oratory. Language in Society 2:193–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosaldo, M. Z. (1975). It's all uphill: The creative metaphors of Ilongot magical spells. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 177–203.Google Scholar
Rosaldo, M. Z. (1982). The things we do with words: Ilongot speech acts and speech act theory in philosophy. Language in Society 11:203–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosaldo, M. Z. (1984). Words that are moving: The social meanings of Ilongot verbal art. InD. L. Brenneis & F. L. Myers, 1984. 131–60.Google Scholar
Rushforth, S. (1981). Speaking to “relatives-through-marriage”: Aspects of communication among Bear Lake Athabaskans. Journal of Anthropological Research 37:28–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
St. George, R. (1985). “Heated” speech and literacy in seventeenth-century New England. Seventeenth-Century New England. 275–322.Google Scholar
Salamone, F. (1976). The arrow and the bird: Proverbs in the solution of Hausa conjugal conflicts. Journal of Anthropological Research 32:358–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salmond, A. (1974). Rituals of encounter among the Maori: Sociolinguistic study of a scene. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 192–212.Google Scholar
Sanches, M. (1975). Falling words: An analysis of Japanese rakugo performance. In M. Sanches & B. Blount, 1975. 269–306.Google Scholar
Sanches, M., & Blount, B. (eds.) (1975). Sociocultural dimensions of language use. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (1974). A quantitative paradigm for the study of communicative competence. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 18–49.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (1980). The social life of language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sansom, B. (1980). The camp at Wallaby Cross: Aboriginal fringe dwellers in Darwin. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities.Google Scholar
Sapir, J. D. (1975). Big and thin: Two Diola-Fogny meta-linguistic terms. Language in Society 4: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sapir, J. D., & Crocker, J. C. (eds.) (1977). The social uses of metaphor: Essays on the anthropology of rhetoric. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiehfelin, B. (1983). Talking like birds: Sound play in a cultural perspective. In Ochs, E. & Schieffelin, B. (eds.), Acquiring conversational competence. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 177–84.Google Scholar
Schmitz, H. W. (1975). Ethnographie der Kommunikation: Kommunikationsbegriff und Ansätze zur Erforschung von Kommunikations-phänomenen in der Völkerkunde. Forschungsberichte des Institut fur Kommunikations-forschung und Phoetik der Universität Bonn. Band 49. Hamburg.Google Scholar
Scollon, R. (1979). Variable data and linguistic convergence: Texts and contexts in Chipewyan. Language in Society 8:223–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. B. (1979). Linguistic convergence: An ethnography of speaking at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. B. (1981). Narrative, literacy and face in interethnic communication. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.Google Scholar
Seitel, P. (1974). Haya metaphors for speech. Language in Society 3:51–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seitel, S. (1969). Ethnography of communication in four African societies. (Working paper No. 16, Studies of Interaction.) Language Behavior Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1973). Nonverbal and verbal deixis: The pointed lip gesture among the San Bias Cuna. Language in Society 2:117–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1974). Namakke, sunmakke, kormakke: Three types of Cuna speech event. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 263–82.Google Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1981). The interplay of structure and function in Kuna narrative, or: How to grab a snake in the Darien. In Tannen, D. (ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1981. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 306–22.Google Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1982). Poetic structuring of Kuna discourse: The line. Language in Society 11:371–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1983). Kuna ways of speaking: An ethnographic perspective. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Stone, R. M. (1982). Let the inside be sweet: The interpretation of music events among the Kpelle of Liberia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Stross, B. (1974). Speaking of speaking: Tenejapa Tzeltal metalinguistics. In R. Bauman & J. Sherzer, 1974. 213–39.Google Scholar
Tannen, D. (1983). “I take out the rock-DOK!”: How Greek women talk about being molested. Anthropological Linguistics 25:359–74.Google Scholar
Tannen, D., & Saville-Troike, M. (eds.) (1985). Perspectives on silence. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex.Google Scholar
Tanner, N. (1967). Speech and society among the Indonesian elite: A case study of a multilingual community. Anthropological Linguistics 9:15–40.Google Scholar
Tedlock, D. (1983). The spoken word and the work of interpretation. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsitsipis, L. D. (1983). Language shift among the Albanian speakers of Greece. Anthropological Linguistics 25:288–308.Google Scholar
Tway, P. (1975). Workplace isoglosses: Lexical variation and change in a factory setting. Language in Society 4:171–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, S. A. (1972). Context and alternation in Koyo kinship terminology. In J. Gumperz & D. Hymes, 1972. 253–69.Google Scholar
Urban, G. (1984). Speech about speech in speech about action. Journal of American Folklore 97:310–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, M. (1982). Them children: A study in language learning. New York: Irvington.Google Scholar
Watson, K. A.. (1975). Transferable communicative routines: Strategies and group identity in two speech events. Language in Society 4:53–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfson, N. (1976). Speech events and natural speech: Some implications for sociolinguistic methodology. Language in Society 5:189–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfson, N., & Manes, J. (1980). The compliment as social strategy. Papers in Linguistics: International Journal of Human Communication 13:391–410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodbury, A. C. (1985). The functions of rhetorical structure: A study of Central Alaskan Yupik Eskimo discourse. Language in Society 14:153–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamamoto, A. Y. (1977). Language use in culture space of the Burkaku: A case study. Anthropological Linguistics 19:133–43.Google Scholar

REFERENCES NOT IN BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bauman, R., & Sherzer, J. (1975). The ethnography of speaking. Annual Review of Anthropology 4:95–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloch, M. (1976). Review of R. Bauman & J. Sherzer (eds.), Explorations in the ethnography of speaking. Language in Society 5:229–34.Google Scholar
Braithwaite, C. (1981). Cultural uses and interpretations of silence. M.A. thesis, University of Washington.Google Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In Cole, P. & Morgan, J. (eds.), Syntax and semantics: Speech acts. Vol. 3. New York: Academic. 41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D. (1961). Functions of speech: An evolutionary approach. In Gruber, F. C. (ed.), Anthropology and education. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 58–83.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1962). The ethnography of speaking. In Gladwin, T. & Sturtevant, W. (eds.), Anthropology and human behavior. Washington, D.C.: Anthropological Society of Washington. 13–53.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1964a). Language in culture and society. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1964b). Introduction. Toward ethnographies of communication. In J. J. Gumperz & D.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (eds.), “The ethnography of communication.” American Anthropologist 66 (part 2): 1–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D. (1967). Models of the interaction of language and social setting. Journal of Social Issues 23:8–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D. (1972). Models of the interaction of language and social life. In Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D. (eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 35–71.Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations in sociolinguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Irvine, J. (1979). Formality and informality in communicative events. American Anthropologist 81:773–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leach, E. R. (1976). Social geography and linguistic performance. Semiotica 16 (1):87–97. (Review of Bauman & Sherzer, Explorations in the ethnography of speaking.)Google Scholar
Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (1984). On the relationship of the “ethnography of speaking” to the “ethnography of communication.” Papers in Linguistics 17:7–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pride, J. B. (1973). Review of J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. Language in Society 2:245–63.Google Scholar
Saville-Troike, M. (1982). The ethnography of communication. Baltimore, Md.: University Park Press.Google Scholar
Searle, J. (1976). A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society 5:1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherzer, J. (1977). The ethnography of speaking: A critical appraisal. In Saville-Troike, M. (ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1977. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Sherzer, J., & Darnell, R. (1972). Outline guide for the ethnographic study of speech use. In Gumperz, J. & Hymes, D. (eds.), Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. 548–54.Google Scholar
Sigman, S. (1984). Communication ethnography and communication theory: Some technical notes. Papers in Linguistics 17:32–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, J., & Philipsen, G. (1984). Communication as situated accomplishment: The cases of hermeneutics and ethnography. In M. Voight & B. Dervin (eds.), Progress in Communication Sciences 4:177–217.Google Scholar
Watson-Gegeo, K. (1976). Review of R. Bauman & J. Sherzer (eds.), Explorations in the ethnography of speaking. Language 52:745–48.Google Scholar