Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T05:23:18.739Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Text trajectories in a multilingual call centre: The linguistic ethnography of a calling script

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2016

Johanna Woydack*
Affiliation:
Vienna University of Economics & Business
Ben Rampton
Affiliation:
King's College London
*
Address for correspondence: Johanna Woydack Vienna University of Economics & BusinessDepartment of Foreign Language Business CommunicationBuilding D2, Entrance D, Welthandelsplatz1020 Vienna, Austria[email protected]

Abstract

Call centres have been widely criticised as standardised workplaces, and the imposition of calling scripts is often characterised as dehumanising and deskilling. But these accounts lack close analysis of how scripts are actually produced, taken up, and used by call-centre workers, and they are generally locked into dualistic analyses of control and resistance. In contrast, this article combines long-term ethnography with transcontextual analysis of the production, circulation and uptake of calling scripts. This reveals a good deal of collective and individual agency in processes of text-adaptation, and produces a rather more nuanced picture of work in a call centre. (Call centres, text trajectories, linguistic ethnography, standardisation)*

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ackroyd, Stephen, & Thompson, Paul (1999). Organizational misbehavior. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Agha, Asif, & Wortham, Stanton (eds.) (2005). Discourse across speech events. Special issue of Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 15(1):15.Google Scholar
Alarcón, Amado, & Heyman, Josiah McC. (2013). Bilingual call centers at the US-Mexico border: Location and linguistic markers of exploitability. Language in Society 42:122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Donald L. (2004). The textualizing functions of writing for organizational change. Journal of Business and Technical Communication 18:141–64.Google Scholar
Bain, Peter, & Taylor, Phil (2000). Entrapped by the ‘electronic panopticon’? Worker resistance in the call centre. New Technology, Work and Employment 15:218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, Karin (2007). The anthropology of texts, persons and publics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batt, Rosemary, & Moynihan, Lisa (2002). The viability of alternative call center production models. Human Resource Management Journal 12(4):1434 Google Scholar
Bauman, Richard (1996). Transformations of the word in the production of Mexican festival drama. In Silverstein, Michael & Urban, Greg (eds.), Natural histories of discourse, 301–29. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Bauman, Richard & Briggs, Charles L. (1990). Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology 19:5988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belt, Vicky; Richardson, Ranald; & Webster, Juliet (2002). Women, social skill and interactive service work in telephone call centres. New Technology, Work and Employment 17(1):2034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, Jan (2005). Discourse: A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brannan, Matthew J. (2005). Once more with feeling: Ethnographic reflections on the mediation in a small team of call center workers. Gender, Work and Organization 12(5):420–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, Mike (2010). The ultimate book of phone scripts. Thomson: Sales Gravy Press.Google Scholar
Cameron, Deborah (2000a). Good to talk? London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Cameron, Deborah (2000b). Styling the worker: Gender and the commodification of language in the globalized service economy. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4(3):323–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, Deborah (2008). Talk from the top-down. Language and Communication 28:143–55.Google Scholar
Cook-Gumperz, Jenny (2001). Cooperation, collaboration and pleasure in work: Issues for intercultural communication at work. In Di Luzio, Aldo, Günthner, Susanne, & Orletti, Franca (eds.), Culture in communication: Analyses of intercultural situations, 117–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duchêne, Alexandre (2009). Marketing, management and performance: Multilingualism as commodity in a tourism call centre. Language Policy 8:2750.Google Scholar
Farrell, Lesley (2009). Texting the future: Work literacies, new economy and economies. In Baynham, Mike & Prinsloo, Mastin (eds.), The future of literacy studies, 181–99. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernie, Sue, & Metcalf, David (1998). (Not) hanging on the telephone: Payment systems in the new sweatshops. London: Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Harris, Roxy, & Rampton, Ben (2010). Ethnicities without guarantees: An empirical approach. In Wetherell, Margaret (ed.), Identity in the 21st century: New trends in changing times, 95119. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian.Google Scholar
Heller, Monica (2010). The commodification of language. Annual Review of Anthropology 39:101–14.Google Scholar
Houlihan, Maeve (2003). Making sense of call centres: Working and managing the front line . Lancaster: University of Lancaster dissertation.Google Scholar
Hudson, Alex (2011). Are call centres the factories of the 21st century? BBC News. Online: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12691704; accessed March 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell (1980). Ethnographic monitoring. Language in education: Ethnolinguistic essays, 104–18. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Korczynski, Marek (2002). Human resource management in service work. London: Palgrave Macmillian.Google Scholar
Leidner, Robin (1993). Fast food, fast talk: Service work and routinization of everyday life in the service economy. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lesikar, Raymond V.; Pettit, John D.; & Flatley, Marie E. (2001). Lesikar's basic business communication. 5th edn. Boston: Irwin/McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Mankekar, Purnima, & Gupta, Akhil (2014). Intimate encounters: Affective labor in call centers. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, ms. Online: https://www.academia.edu/8136952/Intimate_Encounters_Affective_Labor_in_Call_Centers.Google Scholar
Mirchandani, Kiran (2004). Practices of global capital: Gaps, cracks, and ironies in transnational call centers in India. Global Networks 4(4):355–73.Google Scholar
Mirchandani, Kiran (2012). Phone clones: Authenticity work in the transnational service economy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Mumby, Dennis K. (2005). Theorizing resistance in organization studies: A dialectical approach. Management Communication Quarterly 19(1):1944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Reilly, Karen (2009) Key concepts in ethnography. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Rampton, Ben; Maybin, Janet; & Roberts, Celia (2015). Theory and method in linguistic ethnography. In Snell, Julia, Shaw, Sara, & Copland, Fiona (eds.), Linguistic ethnography: Interdisciplinary explorations, 1450. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillian. Online: http://kcl.academia.edu/WorkingPapersinUrbanLanguageLiteracies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, Simon (2013). Time for the government to step in? The dark side of the call centre. The Independent. Online: www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/time-for-the-government-to-step-in-the-dark-side-of-the-call-centre-8654571.html; accessed March 15, 2016.Google Scholar
Ritzer, George (1998). The McDonaldization thesis: Explorations and extensions . London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Rose, Nikolas (1999). Powers of freedom: Reframing political thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, Sylvie (2003). Bilingualism and standardization in a Canadian call center: Challenges for a linguistic minority community. In Bayley, Robert & Schecter, Sandra (eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies, 269–87. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Sallaz, Jeffrey J. (2015). Permanent pedagogy: How post-fordist firms generate effort but not consent. Work and Occupations 42(1):334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, Michael, & Urban, Greg (1996). The natural history of discourse: Transformations of the word. In Silverstein, Michael & Urban, Greg (eds.), Natural histories of discourse, 117. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Dorothy E. (1996). The relations of ruling: A feminist inquiry. Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies 2(1):171–90.Google Scholar
Smith, Dorothy E. (2001). Texts and the ontology of organizations and institutions. Studies in Cultures, Organizations and Societies 7(2):159–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonntag, Selma K. (2009). Linguistic globalization and the call center industry: Imperialism, hegemony or cosmopolitanism? Language Policy 8:525.Google Scholar
Stanworth, Celia (2000). Women and work in the information age. Gender, Work and Organization 7(1):2032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, S. (1998). Emotional labour and the new workplace. In Thompson, Paul & Warhurst, Chris (eds.), Workplaces of the future, 84103. Basingstoke: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Phil, & Bain, Peter (1999). An assembly line in the head: Work and employee relations in the call centre. Industrial Relations Journal 30(2):101–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmermans, Stefan, & Epstein, Steven (2010). A world of standards but not a standard world: Toward a sociology of standards and standardization. Annual Review of Sociology 36(1):6989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomalin, Barry (2010). India rising: The need for two way training. In Forey, Gail & Lockwood, Jane (eds.), Globalization, communication and the workplace, 172–90. London: Continuum.Google Scholar
Wortham, Stanton (2005). Socialization beyond the speech event. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 15:95112.Google Scholar
Woydack, Johanna-Elisabeth (2014). Standardisation and script trajectories in a London call centre: An ethnography of a multilingual outbound call centre . London: King's College London dissertation.Google Scholar