Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:44:36.068Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Sri Lankan Tamil experiences of the home-land and host-land: The interaction between language and diasporic identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2020

Lavanya Sankaran*
Affiliation:
King's College London, UK
*
Address for correspondence: Lavanya Sankaran, King's College London, Education, Communication and Society, Waterloo Bridge Wing Franklin-Wilkins Building Waterloo Road, LondonSE1 9NH, UK[email protected]

Abstract

This article takes an empirical approach to investigate how diasporic identification with the home-land and host-land interacts with language in a mutually influencing dynamic interplay, giving rise to new language ideologies and identities. Since scholars are increasingly of the opinion that the processes of dislocation and resettlement create multi-layered connections with the home-land and host-land (David 2012:377), it is crucial we recognise that the relationship between fixed geographical territories and communities, and the cultural-linguistic practices associated with them, need to be denaturalised (Rosa & Trivedi 2017:331). In doing so, it is possible to retheorise diasporic identity as a sociocultural process. Attention to language can help shift diasporic phenomena away from being defined as ‘bounded, territorialised, static and homogeneous’ (Canagarajah & Silberstein 2012:82). Examining Sri Lankan Tamil diasporic experiences of the home-land and host-land and their relationship with language will promote such an agenda. (Diaspora, space, home-land, host-land)*

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This article is the product of research funded by the Leverhulme Trust for the project entitled ‘Adult language socialization in the Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora in London’ (September 2015–2018). I would like to thank Professor Ben Rampton (principal investigator), Dr. Melanie Cooke (co-researcher), and the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments on this article.

References

Alinia, Minoo (2004). Spaces of diasporas: Kurdish identities, experiences of otherness and politics of belonging. Göteborg: Göteborg University PhD dissertation.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Rev. edn. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Antaki, Charles, & Widdicombe, Susan (eds.) (1998). Identities in talk. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Arudpragasam, Anuk R. (1996). The traditional homeland of the Tamils. Kotte: Kanal Publications.Google Scholar
Bakhtin, Mikhail (1981). The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan (2006). Language policy and national identity. In Ricento, Thomas (ed.), Language policy: Theory and method, 238–54. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan (2010). The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511845307CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, Jan (2015). Chronotopes, scales and complexity in the study of language in society. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies, Paper 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, Jan (2016). Commentary: Mobility, contexts, and the chronotope. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies, Paper 170.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan, & Backus, Ad (2011). Repertoires revisited. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies, Paper 67.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan, & De Fina, Anna (2016). Chronotopic identities: On the timespace organization of who we are. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies, Paper 153.Google Scholar
Blommaert, Jan, & Rampton, Ben (2011). Language and superdiversity: A position paper. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies, Paper 70.Google Scholar
Brah, Avtar (1996). Cartographies of diaspora: Contesting identities. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Burgio, Guiseppe (2016). When interculturality faces a diaspora: The transnational Tamil identity. Encyclopaideia 44:106–28.Google Scholar
Canagarajah, Suresh A. (2008). Language shift and the family. Journal of Sociolinguistics 12(2):143–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canagarajah, Suresh A. (2012). Migrant ethnic identities, mobile language resources: Identification practices of Sri Lankan Tamil youth. Applied Linguistics Review 3(2):251–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canagarajah, Suresh A. (2013). Reconstructing heritage language: Resolving dilemmas in language maintenance for Sri Lankan Tamil migrants. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 222:131–55.Google Scholar
Canagarajah, Suresh A., & Silberstein, Sandra (2012). Diaspora identities and language. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 11:8184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chiang-Hom, Christy (2004). Transnational cultural practices of Chinese immigrant youth and parachute kids. In Zhou, Min & Lee, Jennifer (eds.), Asian American youth: Culture, identity, and ethnicity, 143–58. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clifford, James (1994). Diasporas. Cultural Anthropology 9(3):302308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clifford, James (1997). Routes: Travel and translation in the late twentieth century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Robin (1997/2008). Global diasporas: An introduction. New York: Routledge.10.4324/9780203228920CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, Melanie, & Simpson, James (2012). Discourses about linguistic diversity. In Martin-Jones, Marilyn, Blackledge, Adrian, & Creese, Angela (eds.), The Routledge handbook of multilingualism, 116–30. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Daniel, E. Valentine (1987). Fluid signs: Being a person in the Tamil way. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Daniel, E. Valentine, & Thangaraj, Yuvaraj (1995). Forms, formations and transformations of the Sri Lankan Tamil refugee. In Valentine Daniel, E. & Knudsen, John C. (eds.), Mistrusting refugees, 225–56. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, Sonia N. (2016). Linguistic rivalries: Tamil migrants and Anglo-Franco conflicts. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, Ann R. (2012). Embodied migration: Performance practices of diasporic Sri Lankan Tamil communities in London. Journal of Intercultural Studies 33(4):375–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Certeau, Michel (1984). The practice of everyday life. Trans. by Rendall, S.. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
De Fina, Anna (2016). Linguistic practices and transnational identities. In Preece, 163–78.Google Scholar
De Fina, Anna, & Perrino, Sabina (2013). Transnational identities. Applied Linguistics 34(5):509–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Fina, Anna; Schiffrin, Deborah; & Bamberg, Michael (eds.) (2006). Introduction. In Fina, Anna De, Schiffrin, Deborah, & Bamberg, Michael (eds.), Discourse and identity, 123. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, John (2009). Language and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuglerud, Øivind (1999). Life on the outside: The Tamil diaspora and long-distance nationalism. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul (1991). It ain't where you're from, it's where you're at… The dialectics of diasporic identification. Third Text 5(13):316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilroy, Paul (1997). Diaspora and the detours of identity. In Woodward, Kathryn (ed.), Identity and difference, 299346. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul (2003). Black Atlantic as a counterculture of modernity. In Braziel, Jana Evans & Mannur, Anita (eds.), Theorizing diaspora: A reader, 4980. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gold, Raymond L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces 36(3):217–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goreau-Poncheaud, Anthony (2012). Routes et antiroutes de l'immigration tamoule sri-lankaise: Des camps du Tamil Nadu à la Chapelle. E-migrinte 8:2644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Stuart (1990). Cultural identity and diaspora. In Rutherford, Jonathan (ed.), Identity: Community, culture, difference, 222–37. London: Lawrence & Wishart.Google Scholar
Higgins, Christina (2017). Space, place, and language. In Canagarajah, Suresh (ed.), he Routledge handbook of migration and language, 102–16. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hogan-Brun, Gabrielle; Mar-Molinero, Clare; & Stevenson, Patrick (eds.) (2009). Discourses on language and integration: Critical perspectives on language testing regimes in Europe. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Crisis Group (2010). The Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora after the LTTE. Asia Report No. 186. Brussels: International Crisis Group.Google Scholar
Jacquemet, Marco (2005). Transidiomatic practices: Language and power in the age of globalization. Language and Communication 25:257–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Demelza (2013). Diversity and diaspora: Everyday identifications of Tamil migrants in the UK. Bristol: University of Bristol PhD thesis.Google Scholar
Lavie, Smadar, & Swedenburg, Ted (2001). Displacement, diaspora, and geographies of identity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Maryns, Katrijn (2006). The asylum speaker: Language in the Belgium asylum procedure. Manchester: St. Jerome Press.Google Scholar
McDowell, Christopher (1996). A Tamil asylum diaspora: Sri Lankan migration, settlement and politics in Switzerland. Oxford: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
O'Neill, Tom (2015). In the path of heroes: Second-generation Tamil-Canadians after the LTTE. Identities 22(1):124–39.10.1080/1070289X.2014.931233CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orjuela, Camilla (2012). Diaspora identities and homeland politics: Lessons from the Sri Lanka/Tamil Eelam case. In Lyons, Terrence & Mandaville, Peter (eds.), Politics from afar: Transnational diasporas and networks, 91116. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Preece, Siân (ed.) (2016). The Routledge handbook of language and identity. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa, Jonathan, & Trivedi, Sunny (2017). Diaspora and language. In Canagarajah, Suresh (ed.), The Routledge handbook of migration and language, 330–46. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Safran, William (1991). Diasporas in modern societies: Myths of homeland and return. Diaspora 1(1):8399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shankar, Shalini (2004). Reel to real: Desi teens’ linguistic engagements with Bollywood. Pragmatics 14(2/3):317–35.10.1075/prag.14.2-3.12shaCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shankar, Shalini (2008). Desi land: Teen culture, class and success in Silicon Valley. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Thiranagama, Sharika (2011). In my mother's house: Civil war in Sri Lanka. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008). The diaspora and the global circulation of Tamil cinema. In Velayutham, Selvaraj (ed.), Tamil cinema: The cultural politics of India's other film industry, 172–88. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venugopal, Rajesh (2006). Sri Lanka: The global dimensions of conflict. In FitzGerald, Valpy, Stewart, Frances, & Venugopal, Rajesh (eds.), Globalization, violent conflict and self-determination, 225–46. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickramasinghe, Nira (2006). Sri Lanka in the modern age: A history of contested identities. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Hua, Zhu (2017). New orientations to identities in mobility. In Canagarajah, Suresh (ed.), The Routledge handbook of migration and language, 117–32. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar