Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-21T22:34:29.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

CBT II—Case-based computer-aided instruction: survey of principles, applications and issues

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2009

Tariq Khan  and
Yau Jim Yip
Tariq Khan
Affiliation:
Information Technology Institute, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
Yau Jim Yip
Affiliation:
Information Technology Institute, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper we consider the role case-based reasoning has had in development of computer-aided instruction systems. We survey several case-based teaching systems, each of which is representative of a basic pedagogical principle that motivated its development. Firstly, 15 pedagogical principles are presented that were identified from the analysis of case-based teaching systems. We present some background to the principles, and indicate which systems they are incorporated in. Next, the teaching systems themselves are described, with emphasis on how case-based reasoning has been applied. Finally, we discuss some problems to be addressed when case-based planning is applied to lesson planning within a tutoring system.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Knowledge Engineering Review , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , September 1995 , pp. 235 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abelson, RP, 1981. “Psychological status of the script concept” American Psychologist 07.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, JR and Reiser, BJ, 1985. “The LISP Tutor” Byte 159–175.Google Scholar
Ashley, KD, 1991. “Reasoning with cases and hypotheticals in HYPO” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies.Google Scholar
Ashley, KD and Aleven, V, 1991. “A computational approach to explaining case-based concepts of relevance in a tutorial context” In: Proceedings of Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, 257–268, DARPA, Morgan Kaufmann.Google Scholar
Aleven, V and Ashley, KD, 1992. “Automated generation of examples for a tutorial in case-based argumentation” In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Second International Conference, ITS '92, 575–584, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Ashley, KD and Aleven, V, 1992. “Generating dialectical examples automatically” In: Proceedings Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence AAAI-92, 654–660.Google Scholar
Bareiss, ER, Porter, BW and Wier, CC, 1988. “Protos: an exemplar-based learning apprentice” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 29 549–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(Also in: Kodratoff, Y and Michalski, R (eds), 1990. Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Volume III, 112–127, Morgan Kaufman.)Google Scholar
Bariess, R, 1991. “The Story Archive: A memory for case-based tutoring” In: Proceedings of Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, 269–279, DARPA, Morgan-Kaufmann.Google Scholar
Bell, BL and Feifer, RG, 1992. “Intelligent tutoring with dumb software” In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Second International Conference, ITS '92, 615–624, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Bell, BL and Bariess, R, 1993. “Sickle Cell Counselor: Using a goal-based scenario to motivate exploration of knowledge in a museum context” In: Proceeding of Artificial Intelligence in Education, Al-ED 93, 153–160, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar
Bumbaca, F, 1988. “Intelligent computer-assisted instruction: a theoretical framework” International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 29 227–255.Google Scholar
Chi, M, Feltovich, PJ and Glaser, R, 1981. “Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices” Cognitive Science 5 121–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chi, MTH, Bassok, M, Lewis, MW, Reimann, P and Glaser, R, 1989. “Self-explanations: how students study and use examples in learning to solve problems” Cognitive Science 13 145–182.Google Scholar
Clancey, WJ, 1987. Knowledge-Based Tutoring: The GUIDON Program., MIT Press.Google Scholar
Du, Z and McCalla, G, 1991. “CBMIP—a case-based mathematics instructional planner” In: Birnbaum, L (ed), Proceedings of 1991 International Conference on the Learning Sciences, 122–129, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar
Edelson, DC, 1991. “Oh, the stories I could tell: managing an aesopic teaching dialogue” In Proceedings of Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning, 280–291, DARPA, Morgan-Kaufmann.Google Scholar
Edelson, DC, 1992. “When should a cheetah remind you of a bat? Reminding in case-based teaching” In: Proceedings Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence AAAI-92, 667–672.Google Scholar
Elsom-Cook, MT, 1990. “Guided discovery tutoring” In: Elsom-Cook, MT (ed), Guided Discovery Tutoring–A framework for ICAI research, Paul Chapman Publishing.Google Scholar
Farrell, R, 1988. “Facilitating self-education by questioning assumptive reasoning” In: Proceedings of AAAI 88, 2–6.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Valmayor, A and Chamizo, Fernandez C, 1992. “Educational and research utilization of a dynamic knowledge base” Computers and Education 18 (1–3) 51–61.Google Scholar
Hammond, KJ, 1989. Case-Based Planning–viewing planning as a memory task, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hammond, K, Converse, T and Marks, M, 1993. “Towards a theory of agency” In: Minton, S (ed), Machine Learning Methods for Planning, 351–396, Morgan Kaufmann.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes-Roth, F, 1977. “Learning by example” In: Lesgold, AM, Pellegrino, JW, Fokkema, SD and Glaser, R (eds), Cognitive Psychology and Instruction, 27–38, Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Hempel, CG, 1942. “The function of general laws in history” The Journal of Philosophy 39 35–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(Reprinted in Hempel, CG, 1965. Aspects of Scientific Explanation: and other essays in the philosophy of science, The Free Press.)Google Scholar
Johnson, LW and Solloway, E, 1985. “PROUST: An automatic debugger for Pascal programs” Byte.Google Scholar
(Also in Kearsley, G, 1987. Artificial intelligence and instruction—applications and methods, Addison-Wesley.)Google Scholar
Kolodner, JL, 1983. “Maintaining organization in a dynamic long-term memory” Cognitive Science 7 243–280.Google Scholar
Kolodner, JL, 1991a. “Improving human decision making through case-based decision aiding” AI Magazine, 52–68.Google Scholar
Kolodner, JL, 1991b. “Helping teachers teach science better: case-based decision aiding for science education” In:Birnbaum, L (ed), Proceedings of 1991 International Conference on the Learning Sciences, 274–280, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar
Kolodner, JL, 1992. “An introduction to case-based reasoning” Artificial Intelligence Review 6 3–34.Google Scholar
Kolodner, J, 1993. Case-Based Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann.Google Scholar
Koton, PA, 1989. “A method for improving the efficiency of model-based reasoning systems” In: Horn, W (ed), 1990. Causal AI Models: Steps Toward Applications, 273–282, Hemisphere Publishing.Google Scholar
Lajoie, SP and Lesgold, A, 1992. “Apprenticeship training in the workplace: computer-coached practice environment as a new form of apprenticeship” In: Farr, MJ and Pstoka, J (eds), Intelligent Instruction by Computer: Theory and Practice, Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Newell, A, 19??. “The knowledge level” Artificial Intelligence 18, 87–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohlsson, S, 1993. “Impact of cognitive theory on the practice of courseware authoring” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 9 194–221.Google Scholar
Redmond, M, 1990. “Distributed cases for case-based reasoning: facilitating use of multiple cases” In: Proceedings of the National Conference of Artificial Intelligence AAAI-90.Google Scholar
Redmond, M, 1991. “Improving case retrieval through observing expert problem solving” In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 516–521.Google Scholar
Reimann, P, Wichmann, S and Schult, TJ, 1993. “A learning strategy model for worked-out examples” In: Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education Al-ED 93,290–297, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar
Rosenblum, JA and Moore, JD, 1993. “Participating in instructional dialogues: finding and exploiting relevant prior explanations” In: Proceedings of Artificial Intelligence in Education Al-ED 93, 145–152, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar
Riesbeck, CK and Schank, RC, 1989. Inside Case-Based Reasoning, Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schank, RC, 1975. Conceptual Information Processing, North-Holland.Google Scholar
Schank, RC and Abelson, RP, 1977. Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding, Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schank, RC, 1986. Explanation Patterns—Understanding Mechanically and Creatively, Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Schank, RC, 1991. “Case-based teaching: four experiences in educational software design”, Technical Report No, 7 Institute for the Learning Sciences, Northwestern University.Google Scholar
Schank, RC, Ferguson, W, Birnbaum, L, Barger, J and Greising, M, 1991. “ASK TOM: An experimental interface for video case libraries” In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 570–575.Google Scholar
Schult, TJ, 1993. “Tutorial remindings in a physics simulation environment” In: Proceedings of Al-ED 93, 105–112, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.Google Scholar
Schult, TJ and Reimann, P, 1993. “Making case-based tutoring more effective” In: Proceedings First European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning EWCBR-93, 385–390.Google Scholar
Sokolnicki, T, 1991. “Towards knowledge-based tutors: a survey and appraisal of intelligent tutoring systems” The Knowledge Engineering Review 6 (2) 59–95.Google Scholar
Stevens, A, Collins, A and Goldin, SE, 1992. “Misconceptions in students' understanding” In: Sleeman, D and Brown, JS (eds), 1982, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Sycara, K, 1988. “Using case-based reasoning for plan adaptation and repair” In: Proceedings Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning—DARPA, 425–434.Google Scholar
Vanlehn, K, 1987. “Learning one subprocedure per lesson” Artificial Intelligence 31 1–40.Google Scholar
Vanlehn, K, Ohlsson, S and Nason, R, 1994. “Applications of simulated students: an exploration” Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education 5 (2) 135–175.Google Scholar
Watson, I and Marir, F, 1994. “Case-based reasoning: a review” The Knowledge Engineering Review 9 (4).Google Scholar
Weber, G, Waloszek, G and Wender, KF, 1988. “The role of episodic memory in an intelligent tutoring system” In: Self, J (ed), Artificial Intelligence and Human Learning: intelligent computer-aided instruction, Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Weber, G, 1991. “Explanation-based retrieval in a case-based learning model” In: Proceedings of The Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 522–527.Google Scholar
Weber, G, 1993. “ELM: case-based diagnosis for program code in a knowledge based help system” In: Proceedings First European Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning EWCBR-93, 391–395.Google Scholar
Wenger, E, 1987. Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems, Morgan Kaufmann.Google Scholar
White, BY and Frederiksen, JR. 1987. “Qualitative models and intelligent learning environments” In: Lawler, RW and Yazdani, M (eds), Artificial Intelligence and Education, volume one, Ablex.Google Scholar