Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T17:41:32.042Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Looking Beyond Wine Risk-Adjusted Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2020

Frantz Maurer*
Affiliation:
KEDGE Business School and University of Bordeaux (IRGO, EA 4190), 680 cours de la Libération, 33405Talence Cedex, France
Jean-Marie Cardebat
Affiliation:
University of Bordeaux (Larefi) and INSEEC U., avenue Léon Duguit 33 608Pessac, France; e-mail: [email protected].
Linda Jiao
Affiliation:
University of Bordeaux (Larefi), avenue Léon Duguit 33 608Pessac, France; e-mail: [email protected].
*
e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author).

Abstract

In this paper, we use copula-GARCH models applied to daily data from March 2010 to March 2018 to test the time-varying dependence of the Liv-ex 50, a secondary market fine wine index comprised of the ten most recent vintages of the five Bordeaux First Growths, with a portfolio composed of the six main stock markets (S&P 500, CAC 40, DAX 30, FTSE 100, and Hang Seng). Our results suggest that the Liv-ex 50 underperforms the six stock indexes, but provides diversification benefits in terms of volatility, asymmetry, and extreme events. (JEL Classifications: G110, G120, Q14)

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © American Association of Wine Economists, 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We thank Karl Storchmann and two anonymous referees for constructive comments and suggestions. This paper benefited from comments from participants of the Wine Macroeconomics and Finance workshop held in Lyon, France, in November 2018.

References

Ang, A., and Chen, J. (2002). Asymmetric correlations of equity portfolios. Journal of Financial Economics, 63(3), 443494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ardia, D., and Boudt, K. (2018a). The peer performance ratios of hedge funds. Journal of Banking & Finance, 87, 351368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ardia, D., and Boudt, K. (2018b). PeerPerformance: Luck-corrected peer performance analysis in R. R package. Available at https://github.com/ArdiaD/PeerPerformance.Google Scholar
Artzner, P., Delbaen, F., Eber, J. M., and Heath, D. (1999). Coherent measures of risk. Mathematical Finance, 9(3), 203228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ausin, M. C., and Lopes, H. F. (2010). Time-varying joint distribution through copulas. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 54(11), 23832399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aytaç, B., and Mandou, C. (2016). Wine: To drink or invest in? A study of wine as an investment asset in French portfolios. Research in International Business and Finance, 36, 591614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bacon, C. R. (2008). Practical Portfolio Performance Measurement and Attribution, with CD-ROM. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Bank for International Settlements (2016). Basel committee on banking supervision. Minimum capital requirements for market risk. Available at https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d352.pdf.Google Scholar
Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollerslev, T. (1990). Modelling the coherence in short-run nominal exchange rates: A multivariate generalized ARCH model. Review of Economics and Statistics, 72(3), 498505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouri, E. I., and Roubaud, D. (2016). Fine wines and stocks from the perspective of UK investors: Hedge or safe haven? Journal of Wine Economics, 11(2), 233248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, B. J., and Jacobsen, J. P. (2001). The rate of return on investment in wine. Economic Inquiry, 39(3), 337350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cappiello, L., Engle, R. F., and Sheppard, K. (2006). Asymmetric dynamics in the correlations of global equity and bond returns. Journal of Financial Econometrics, 4(4), 537572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardebat, J. M., Faye, B., Le Fur, E., and Storchmann, K. (2017). The law of one price? Price dispersion on the auction market for fine wine. Journal of Wine Economics, 12(3), 302331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardebat, J. M., and Jiao, L. (2018). The long-term financial drivers of fine wine prices: The role of emerging markets. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 67, 347361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choueifaty, Y., and Coignard, Y. (2008). Toward maximum diversification. Journal of Portfolio Management, 35(1), 4051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christie-David, R., and Chaudhry, M. (2001). Coskewness and cokurtosis in futures markets. Journal of Empirical Finance, 8(1), 5581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cyr, D., Kwong, L., and Sun, L. (2017). An examination of tail dependence in Bordeaux futures prices and Parker ratings. Journal of Wine Economics, 12(3), 252266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cyr, D., Kwong, L., and Sun, L. (2019). Who will replace Parker? A copula function analysis of Bordeaux en primeur wine raters. Journal of Wine Economics, 14(2), 113144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datastream (2018). Thomson Reuters Datastream. [Online]. Available at https://infobase.thomsonreuters.com/infobase/login/?next=/infobase/ (accessed March 2018).Google Scholar
Demarta, S., and McNeil, A. J. (2005). The t copula and related copulas. International Statistical Review, 73(1), 111129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dias, A., and Embrechts, P. (2010). Modeling exchange rate dependence dynamics at different time horizons. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(8), 16871705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimson, E., Rousseau, P. L., and Spaenjers, C. (2015). The price of wine. Journal of Financial Economics, 118(2), 431449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dittmar, R. F. (2002). Nonlinear pricing kernels, kurtosis preference, and evidence from the cross section of equity returns. Journal of Finance, 57(1), 369403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engle, R. (2002). Dynamic conditional correlation: A simple class of multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(3), 339350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engle, R. F., and Ng, V. K. (1993). Measuring and testing the impact of news on volatility. Journal of Finance, 48(5), 17491778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engle, R. F., and Sheppard, K. (2001). Theoretical and empirical properties of dynamic conditional correlation multivariate GARCH. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper No. 8554, October. Available from https://www.nber.org/papers/w8554.pdf.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Favre, L., and Galeano, J. A. (2002). Mean-modified value-at-risk optimization with hedge funds. Journal of Alternative Investments, 5(2), 2125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, C., and Steel, M. F. (1998). On Bayesian modeling of fat tails and skewness. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 93(441), 359371.Google Scholar
Fisher, T. J., and Gallagher, C. M. (2012). New weighted portmanteau statistics for time series goodness of fit testing. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 107(498), 777787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogarty, J. J. (2006). The return of Australian fine wine. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 33(4), 542561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogarty, J. J. (2010). Wine investment and portfolio diversification gains. Journal of Wine Economics, 5(1), 119131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogarty, J. J., and Jones, C. (2011). Return to wine: A comparison of the hedonic, repeat sales and hybrid approaches. Australian Economic Papers, 50(4), 147156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogarty, J. J., and Sadler, R. (2014). To save or savor: A review of approaches for measuring wine as an investment. Journal of Wine Economics, 9(3), 225248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia, R., and Tsafack, G. (2011). Dependence structure and extreme comovements in international equity and bond markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 35(8), 19541970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghalanos, A. (2015). The rmgarch models: Background and properties (Version 1.3-0).Google Scholar
Glosten, L. R., Jagannathan, R., and Runkle, D. E. (1993). On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks. Journal of Finance, 48(5), 17791801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gregoriou, G. N., and Gueyie, J. P. (2003). Risk-adjusted performance of funds of hedge funds using a modified Sharpe ratio. Journal of Wealth Management, 6(3), 7783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansen, P. R., and Lunde, A. (2005). A forecast comparison of volatility models: Does anything beat a GARCH (1, 1)? Journal of Applied Econometrics, 20(7), 873889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, C. R., and Siddique, A. (2000). Conditional skewness in asset pricing tests. Journal of Finance, 55(3), 12631295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, Y., Tu, J., and Zhou, G. (2006). Asymmetries in stock returns: Statistical tests and economic evaluation. Review of Financial Studies, 20(5), 15471581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jondeau, E., and Rockinger, M. (2006). The copula-garch model of conditional dependencies: An international stock market application. Journal of International Money and Finance, 25(5), 827853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kourtis, A., Markellos, R. N., and Psychoyios, D. (2012). Wine price risk management: International diversification and derivative instruments. International Review of Financial Analysis, 22, 3037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasker, W. S. (1979). The rate of return to storing wines. Journal of Political Economy, 87(6), 13631367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Fur, E., Ameur, H. B., Braune, E., and Faye, B. (2016a). Financial market contagion and fine wines: The evidence of the ADCC GARCH model. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 29(4), 583601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Fur, E., Ameur, H. B., and Faye, B. (2016b). Time-varying risk premiums in the framework of wine investment. Journal of Wine Economics, 11(3), 355378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lourme, A., and Maurer, F. (2017). Testing the Gaussian and Student's t copulas in a risk management framework. Economic Modelling, 67, 203214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucey, B. M., and Devine, L. (2015). Was wine a premier cru investment? Research in International Business and Finance, 34, 3351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masset, P., and Henderson, C. (2010). Wine as an alternative asset class. Journal of Wine Economics, 5(1), 87118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masset, P., and Weisskopf, J. P. (2015). Wine funds: An alternative turning sour? Journal of Alternative Investments, 17(4), 620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masset, P., and Weisskopf, J. P. (2018). Wine indices in practice: Nicely labeled but slightly corked. Economic Modelling, 68, 555569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Masset, P., Weisskopf, J. P., Faye, B., and Le Fur, E. (2016). Red obsession: The ascent of fine wine in China. Emerging Markets Review, 29, 200225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelsen, R. B. (2006). An Introduction to Copulas, 2nd. New York: Springer Science Business Media.Google Scholar
Patton, A. J. (2004). On the out-of-sample importance of skewness and asymmetric dependence for asset allocation. Journal of Financial Econometrics, 2(1), 130168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patton, A. J. (2006). Modelling asymmetric exchange rate dependence. International Economic Review, 47(2), 527556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranaldo, A., and Favre, L. (2005). Hedge fund performance and higher-moment market models. Journal of Alternative Investments, 8(3), 3751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rockafellar, R. T., and Uryasev, S. (2002). Conditional value-at-risk for general loss distributions. Journal of Banking & Finance, 26(7), 14431471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez, J. C. (2007). Measuring financial contagion: A copula approach. Journal of Empirical Finance, 14(3), 401423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanning, L. W., Shaffer, S., and Sharratt, J. M. (2008). Bordeaux wine as a financial investment. Journal of Wine Economics, 3(1), 5171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, R. C., and Horvath, P. A. (1980). On the direction of preference for moments of higher order than the variance. Journal of Finance, 35(4), 915919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sklar, M. (1959). Fonctions de répartition an dimensions et leurs marges. Publications de l'Institut de statistique de l'Université de Paris, 8, 229231.Google Scholar
Sortino, F. A., and Price, L. N. (1994). Performance measurement in a downside risk framework. Journal of Investing, 3(3), 5964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storchmann, K. (2012). Wine economics. Journal of Wine Economics, 7(1), 133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storey, J. D. (2002). A direct approach to false discovery rates. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 64(3), 479498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tse, Y. K., and Tsui, A. K. C. (2002). A multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model with time-varying correlations. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(3), 351362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Y., Wu, C., and Yang, L. (2015). Hedging with futures: Does anything beat the naïve hedging strategy? Management Science, 61(12), 28702889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar