Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:10:37.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The roles of history and habitat area in the distribution and composition of avian species assemblages in the highlands of Costa Rica

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2011

Gilbert Barrantes
Affiliation:
Escuela de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
Mariel Yglesias
Affiliation:
Escuela de Posgrado, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, CATIE 7170 Cartago, Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica
Eric J. Fuchs*
Affiliation:
Escuela de Biología, Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]/[email protected]

Abstract:

Bird species assemblages in isolated Neotropical highland mountains have been moulded by the drastic climatic changes that occurred in late Pleistocene. Palynological evidence indicates that after the Pleistocene the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama became isolated as climate turned gradually more tropical and highland vegetation retreated to the upper elevations of high mountains, forming highland islands. We surveyed birds at 10 representative sites throughout the Costa Rican highlands in order to determine the species composition of highland endemic assemblages. The area of available highland habitat explains 77% of the variance in species richness of the 36 highland endemics across highland islands, and the composition of these species assemblages have a nested distribution, rather than being independent sets of species on each island. The observed nested pattern is more consistent with a differential extinction model of species assemblages, and less likely to be explained by differential migration. We conclude that the reduction of highland vegetation and the avifauna associated with it, and its subsequent confinement to the summit of high mountains, is a possible explanation for the current distribution of highland endemic species in Costa Rican highland islands.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

ALMEIDA-NETO, M., GUIMARÃES, P., GUIMARÃES, P. R., LOYOLA, R. D. & ULRICH, W. 2008. A consistent metric for nestedness analysis in ecological systems: reconciling concept and measurement. Oikos 117:12271239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION. 1998. Check-list of North American birds, 7th edition and its supplements. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington. 829 pp.Google Scholar
ATMAR, W. & PATTERSON, B. D. 1993. The measure of order and disorder in the distribution of species in fragmented habitat. Oecologia 96:373382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BARRANTES, G. 2005. Aves de los páramos de Costa Rica. Pp. 521532 in Kappelle, M. & Horn, S. P. (eds.). Páramos de Costa Rica. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Heredia, Costa Rica.Google Scholar
BARRANTES, G. 2009. The role of historical and local factors in determining species composition of the highland avifauna of Costa Rica and western Panamá. Revista de Biología Tropical 57 (Suppl. 1):333349.Google Scholar
BARRANTES, G. & LOISELLE, B. 2002. Reproduction, habitat use, and natural history of the Black-and-Yellow Silky-Fly Catcher (Phainoptila melanoxantha), an endemic bird of the Western Panamá–Costa Rica Highlands. Ornitologia Neotropical 15;121136.Google Scholar
BARRANTES, G. & SÁNCHEZ, J. 2000. A new subspecies of Black and Yellow Silky Flycatcher, Phainoptila melanoxantha (Bombycillidae, Aves), from Costa Rica. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 120;4046.Google Scholar
BROWN, J. H. 1971. Mammals on mountaintops: non-equilibrium insular biogeography. American Naturalist 105:467478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHAVARRÍA-PIZARRO, T., GUTIÉRREZ-ESPELETA, G., FUCHS, E. J. & BARRANTES, G. 2010. Genetic and morphological variation of the sooty-capped bush tanager (Chlorospingus pileatus), a highland endemic species from Costa Rica and western Panama. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 122:279287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CUTLER, A. 1991. Nested faunas and extinction in fragmented habitats. Conservation Biology 5:496504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FJELDSÅ, J. 1992. Biogeography of the birds of the Polylepis woodlands of the Andes. Pp. 3144 in Balslev, H. & Luteyn, J. L. (eds.). Paramo: an Andean ecosystem under human influence. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
FJELDSÅ, J. & KRABBE, N. 1990. Birds of the high Andes. Zoological Museum of Copenhagen and Apollo Books, Svendborg. 876 pp.Google Scholar
GÓMEZ, L. D. 1986. Vegetación de Costa Rica. Apuntes para una biogeografía costarricense. Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José. 327 pp.Google Scholar
HACKETT, S. J. 1995. Molecular systematics and zoogeography of flowerpiercers in the Diglossa baritula complex. Auk 112:156170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HAFFER, J. 1974. Avian speciation in tropical South America. Nuttall Ornithological Club 14:1390.Google Scholar
HOOGHIEMSTRA, H., CLEEF, A. M., NOLDUS, G. & KAPPELLE, M. 1992. Upper Quaternary vegetation dynamics and palaeoclimatology of the La Chonta bog area (Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica). Journal of Quaternary Science 7:205225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ISLEBE, G. A., HOOGHIEMSTRA, H. & VAN DER BORG, K. 1995. A cooling event during the younger Dryas Chron in Costa Rica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 117:7380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ISLEBE, G. A., HOOGHIEMSTRA, H. & VAN VEER, R. T. 1996. Holocene vegetation and water level history in two bogs of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Vegetatio 124:155171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LOMOLINO, M. V. 1996. Investigating causality of nestedness of insular communities: selective immigrations or extinctions? Journal of Biogeography 23:699703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LOWELL, T. V., HEUSSER, C. J., ANDERSEN, B. G., MORENO, P. I., HAUSER, A., SCHLUCHTER, C., MARCHANT, D. R. & DENTON, G. H. 1995. Interhemispheric correlation of late Pleistocene glacial events. Science 269:15411549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MACARTHUR, R. H. & WILSON, E. O. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 203 pp.Google Scholar
MARTÍNEZ-MORALES, M. A. 2005. Nested species assemblages as a tool to detect sensitivity to forest fragmentation: the case of cloud forest birds. Oikos 108:634642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAYR, E. & DIAMOND, J. 2001. The birds of the northern Melanesia. Speciation, ecology, and biogeography. Oxford University Press, New York. 492 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NORES, M. 1995. Insular biogeography of birds in mountain tops of north western Argentina. Journal of Biogeography 22:6170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PATTERSON, B. D. 1990. On the temporal development of nested subset patterns of species composition. Oikos 59:330342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PATTERSON, B. D. & ATMAR, W. 1986. Nested subsets and the structure of insular mammalian faunas and archipelagos. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 28:6582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PATTERSON, B. D. & BROWN, J. H. 1991. Regionally nested patterns of species composition in granivorous rodent assemblages. Journal of Biogeography 18;395402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PÉREZ-EMÁN, J. L. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Neotropical redstarts (Myioborus; Aves, Parulinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 37:511528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
POUNDS, J. A., FOGDEN, M. P. L. & CAMPBELL, J. H. 1999. Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain. Nature 398:611615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PRANCE, G. T. 1982. A review of the phytogeographic evidences for Pleistocene climate changes in the Neotropics. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 69:594624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PUEBLA-OLIVARES, F., BONACCORSO, E., ESPINOSA DE LOS MONTEROS, A., OMLAND, K. E., LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS, J. E., PETERSON, A. T. & NAVARRO-SIGÜENZA, A. G. 2008. Speciation in the emerald toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) complex. Auk 125:3950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RIDGELY, R. S. & GWYNNE, J. A. GWYNNE, J. A. 1989. A guide to the birds of Panama, with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 412 pp.Google Scholar
ROSENZWEIG, M. L. 1995. Species diversity in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 436 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SIMBERLOFF, D. & ABELE, L. G. 1982. Refuge design and island biogeographic theory: effects of fragmentation. American Naturalist 120:4150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SLUD, P. 1964. The birds of Costa Rica. Distribution and ecology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 128:1430.Google Scholar
SMITH, B. T. & KLICKA, J. 2010. The profound influence of the Late Pliocene Panamanian uplift on the exchange, diversification, and distribution of New World birds. Ecography 33:333342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
STILES, F. G. 1983a. Birds. Introduction. Pp. 502530 in Janzen, D. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. Chicago University Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
STILES, F. G. 1983b. Systematics of the southern forms of Selasphorus (Trochilidae). Auk 100:311325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
STILES, F. G. 1985. Geographic variation in the Fierythroated Hummingbird, Panterpe insignis. Ornithological Monographs 36:2330.Google Scholar
STILES, F. G. & SKUTCH, A. F. 1989. A guide of the birds of Costa Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 511 pp.Google Scholar
VUILLEUMIER, F. 1970. Insular biogeography in continental regions. I. The northern Andes of South America. American Naturalist 104:373388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VUILLEUMIER, F. & SIMBERLOFF, D. 1980. Ecology versus history as determinants of patchy and insular distributions in high Andean birds. Evolutionary Biology 12:235379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WEIR, J. T. 2006. Divergent timing and patterns of species accumulation in lowland and highland Neotropical birds. Evolution 60:842855.Google ScholarPubMed
WHITTAKER, R. J., TRIANTIS, K. A. & LADLE, R. J. 2008. A general dynamic theory of oceanic island biogeography. Journal of Biogeography 35:977994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WINKER, K. & PRUETT, C. L. 2006. Seasonal migration and morphological convergence in the genus Catharus (Turdidae). Auk 123:10521068.Google Scholar
WOLF, L. L. 1976. Avifauna of the Cerro de la Muerte region Costa Rica. American Museum Novitates 2606:137.Google Scholar
WORTHEN, W. B. 1996. Community composition and nested-subset analyses: basic descriptors for community ecology. Oikos 76:417426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WRIGHT, D. H., PATTERSON, B. D., MIKKELSON, G. M., CUTLER, A. & ATMAR, W. 1998. A comparative analysis of nested subset patterns of species composition. Oecologia 113:120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar