Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T17:43:17.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Regeneration by sprouting in slash and burn rice cultivation, Taï rain forest, Côte d'Ivoire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Anneke de Rouw
Anneke de Rouw
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Ecology and Weed Science, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In 14 forest plots (36 m2) all terrestrial plant species were recorded before slashing and burning of the vegetation. During subsequent cultivation with rainfed rice all resprouting plants were registered in permanent plots (72 m2). The fields studied (one per forest) covered all combinations of forest type and soil usually cultivated on local farms. Forest plots (total 409 species) and field plots (358 species) had 226 species in common. Most resprouting plants were woody. Though nine forests in the sample were secondary, 70% of resprouting plants belonged to primary forest species and with three exceptions, these species did not regenerate by seed.

Experiments in one field inlcuded: different intensities of initial burning, weeding (none, once, twice) and length of the rice cultivation period (1, 2, 3 y). Resprouting plants were monitored in permanent plots (108 m2) during 3 y of cultivation and 2 y of fallow. More plants resprouted after a mild initial burning (5.8 plants m−2) than after a burn of normal intensity (1.4 plants m−2). Weeding and prolonged cultivation strongly reduced species diversity but plant densities were less affected because some climbers and trees were apparently stimulated and expanded.

Fields abandoned after one rice harvest had, within six months, a closed forest canopy of pioneer trees emerging from the pre-existing seed bank and from the growth of resprouting trees. Prolonged cultivation (3 y) destroyed the pre-existing seed bank but affected sprouting plants less, these being the only component in the vegetation able to shade out weeds and forbs such as Chromolaena odorata.

Keywords

burningChromolaena odorataCôte d'Ivoirefallowrainfed ricetropical rain forestvegetative regenerationweeding
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 9 , Issue 4 , November 1993 , pp. 387 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

Adedeji, F. O. 1984. Nutrient cycles and successional changes following shifting cultivation practice in moist semi-deciduous forests in Nigeria. Forest Ecology and Management 9:87–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahn, P. 1958. Regrowth and swamp vegetation in western forest areas of Ghana. Journal of West African Science Association 4:163–173.Google Scholar
Alexandre, D.-Y. 1989. Dynamique de la régénération naturelle en forêt dense de Côte d'Ivoire. Coll. Etudes et Théses, ORSTOM, Paris, 102 pp.Google Scholar
Alexandre, D.-Y., Guillaumet, J.-L., Kahn, F. & De Namur, C. 1978. Observations sur les premiers stades de la reconstitution de la forêt dense humide (Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire). Cahiers ORSTOM, série Biologie 13:189–207.Google Scholar
Aweto, A. O. 1981. Secondary succession and soil fertility restoration in south-western Nigeria. I. Succession. Journal of Ecology 69:601–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bormann, F. M. & Likens, G. E. 1979. Development of vegetation after clear-cutting: species strategies and plant community dynamics. Pp. 103–137 in Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. Springer-Verlag, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budelman, A. & Zander, P. M. 1990. Land-use by immigrant Baoulé farmers in the Taï region, south-west Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast). Agroforestry Systems 11:101–123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, W. D. 1958. Secondary vegetation and the transition to savanna near Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Ecology 46:217–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delvaux, J.-C. 1958. Effets mésurés des feux de brousse sur la forêt daire et les coupes á blanc dans la région d'Elisabethville. Bulletin Agronomique du Congo Belge 49:683–714.Google Scholar
Development and Resources Corporaton (DRC). 1967. Soil survey of the South-west region. Report prepared for the Government of Ivory Coast, New York.Google Scholar
FAO/UNESCO. 1974. Soil map of the world 1:5,000,000. Vol. 1 Legend, UNESCO, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Fritsch, E. 1980. Etude pédologique et représentation cartographique au 1150.000e d'une zone de 1.600 ha représentative de la région forestiére du Sud-Ouest Ivorien. Rapport ORSTOM, Adiopodoumé, multigr. 130 pp.Google Scholar
Grenand, F. & Haxiare, C. 1977. Monographie d'un abattis Wayapi. Journal d'Agriculture Traditionnelle et de Bolanique Appliquée 24:285–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guillaumet, J.-L. 1967. Recherches sur la végétation et la fore de la région du Bas-Cavally (Côle d'Ivoire). Mémoire ORSTOM, 20, Paris, France. 249 pp.Google Scholar
Guillaumet, J.-L., Couturier, G. & Dosso, H. 1984. Recherches et aménagement en milieu forestier tropical humide: le Projet Taï de Côte d'Ivoire. Notes techniques du MAB 15, UNESCO, Paris. 245 pp.Google Scholar
Halle, N. 1962. Monographic des Hippocratacées d'Afrique occidentale. Mémoire d'Institut François d'Afrique Noire 64.Google Scholar
Hames, R. B. & Vickers, W. T. 1983. Introduction. Pp. 1–26 in Hames, R. B. & Vickers, W. T. (eds). Adaptive responses of native Amazdnians. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, M. M. 1954–1972. Flora of West Tropical Africa (revised by Keay, R. W. J. & Hepper, F. N.), 2nd ed., vols 1–3. Crown Agents, London.Google Scholar
Huttel, C. 1977. Etude de quelques caractéristiques structurales de la végétation du bassin versant de l'Audrénisrou. ORSTOM, Adiopodoumé, multigr. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Jaeger, P. & Adams, J.-C. 1980. Recensement des végétaux vasculaires des Monts Loma (Sierre Leone) et des pays de piedmont. Mémoires de Botanique Systématique (Boissiera) Geneve 32.Google Scholar
Jaffre, T. & De Namur, C. 1983. Evolution de la biomasse végétale épigée au cours de la succession secondaire dans le Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire. Acta Oecologica/Oecologia Plantarum 4:259–272.Google Scholar
Kahn, F. 1982. La reconstitution de la forêt tropicale humide, Sud-Ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire. Memoire ORSTOM, 97, Paris, France. 91 pp.Google Scholar
Kartawinata, K. 1980. A note on a Keranga's (health) forest at Sebulu, East Kalimantan. Reinwardtia 9:429–447.Google Scholar
Kauffman, J. B. 1991. Survival by sprouting following fire in tropical forests of the Eastern Amazonia. Biotropica 23:219–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kekum, van A. J. 1986. Taï biosphere reserve, Ivory Coast. Pp. 105–108 in Guidelines for soil survey and land evaluation in ecological research, MAB technical notes 17, UNESCO, Paris.Google Scholar
Kellman, M. C. 1980. Geographic patterning in tropical weed communities and early secondary succession. Biotropica 12:34–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knecht, M. 1983. Contribution a l'étude biosystématique des représentants d'Aracées de la Côte d'Ivoire. Phanerogamarum Monographiae, Tomus 17. J. Cramer Verlag, Vaduz.Google Scholar
Kochummen, K. M. 1966. Natural plant succession after farming in S. G. Kroh. The Malayan Forester 29:170–181.Google Scholar
Kunkel, G. 1966. Anmerkungen über sekundärbusch und sekundärwald in Liberia (west Afrika). Vegetatio 13:233–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushwaha, S. P. S., Ramakrishnan, P. S. & Tripathi, R. S. 1981. Population dynamics of Eupatorium odoratum in successional environments following slash and burn agriculture. Journal of Applied Ecology 18:529–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, J. D. M. & Arnason, J. T. 1986. Nutrient dynamics in milpa agriculture and the role of weeds in initial stages of secondary succession in Belize, C.A. Plant and Soil 93:303–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larpin, D. 1989. Evolution floristique et structural d'un recrû forestier en Guyane Française. Revue Ecologie (Terre Vie) 44:209–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maury, G. 1979. Plantules et régénération forestiére en Guyane français: premieres constations sur une coupe a blanc de 25 ha. Bulletin Socictc Botanique France 126:165–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, J. 1987. Vegetation succession: past and present perceptions. Pp. 1–29 in Gray, A. Y., Crawley, M. J. & Edwards, P. J. (eds). Colonization, succession and stability. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Mitja, D. & Hladik, A. 1989. Aspects de la reconstitution de la végétation dans deux jachéres en zones forestiére africaine humide (Makokou, Gabon). Acta Oecological Oecologia Generalis 10:75–94.Google Scholar
Riswan, S. 1979. Natural regeneration in lowland tropical forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Symposium on Forest Regeneration in S.E. Asia. Bogor, Indonesia. Biotrop special Pubic. 13.Google Scholar
Rouw, A. de 1991. Rice, weeds and shifting cultivation in a tropical rain forest. A study of vegetation dynamics. Doctorate thesis, Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands. 292 pp.Google Scholar
Rouw, A. de & Oers, C. van. 1988. Seeds in a rain forest soil and their relation to shifting cultivation in Ivory Coast. Weed Research 28:373–381.Google Scholar
Rouw, A. de, Vellema, H. C. & Blokhuis, W. A. 1990. A Land unit survey of the Taï region, South-west Côte d'Ivoire. Tropenbos Technical Series 7. Tropenbos, Ede, The Netherlands. 222 pp and 2 maps.Google Scholar
Smitinand, T., Sabhasri, S. & Kunstadter, P. 1978. The environment or Northern Thailand, Pp. 24–40 in Chapman, E. C. & Sabhasri, S. (eds). Farmers in the forest: economic development and marginal agriculture in N. Thailand. East-West Center, University Press, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.Google Scholar
Snedaker, S. C. & Gamble, J. F. 1969. Compositional analysis of selected second growth species from lowland Guatemala and Panama. BioScience 19:536–538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommerfield, R. J. 1977. Tropical plants with sweetening properties, physiological and agronomic problems of protected cropping. I Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii. Economic Botany 31:331–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stocker, G. C. 1981. Regeneration of a North Queensland rain forest following felling and burning. Biotropica 13:86–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stromgaard, P. 1986. Early secondary succession on abandoned shifting cultivator's plots in the Miombo of South Central Africa. Biotropica 18:97–106.Google Scholar
Swamy, P. S. & Ramakrishnan, P. S. 1988. Ecological implications of traditional weeding and other imposed weeding regimes under slash-and-burn agriculture (jhum) in North eastern India. Weed Research 28:127–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Symington, C. F. 1933. The study of secondary growth on rain forest sites. The Malayan Forester 2:107–117.Google Scholar
Uhl, C. 1980. Studies of forest, agricultural, and successional environments in the upper Rio Negro region of the Basin. PhD thesis, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, USA. 201pp.Google Scholar
Uhl, C. 1987. Factors controlling succession following slash and burn agriculture in Amazonia. Journal of Ecology 75:377–407.Google Scholar
Uhl, C. & Murphy, P. 1981. A comparison of productivities and energy values between slash and burn agriculture and secondary succession in the Upper Rio Negro Region of the Amazon basin. Agro-Ecosystems 7:63–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhl, C., Clark, H. & Clark, K. 1982. Successional patterns associated with slash and burn agriculture in the Upper Rio Negro region of the Amazon Basin. Biotropica 14:249–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhl, C., Clark, K., Clark, M. & Murphy, P. 1981. Early plant succession after cutting and burning in the Upper Rio Negro region of the Amazon Basin. Journal of Ecology 69:631–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UNESCO. 1973. International classification and mapping of vegetation. Ecological conservation 6, UNESCO, Paris.Google Scholar
Vine, H. 1954. Is the lack of fertility of tropical African soils exaggerated? Proceedings 2nd Inter-African Soils Conference, Leopoldsville 1:389–412.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T. C. 1982. Tropical rain forests of the Far East (2nd edition). Clarendon Press, Oxford. 352pp.Google Scholar
Whitmore, T. C. 1983. Secondary succession from seed in tropical rain forest. Forestry Abstracts 44:767–779.Google Scholar
Young, K. R., Ewel, J. J. & Brown, B. J. 1987. Seed dynamics during forest succession in Costa Rica. Vegetatio 71:157–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinke, P. J., Sabhasri, S. & Kunstadter, P. 1978. Soil fertility aspects of Lua forest fallow systems of shifting cultivation. Pp. 134–159 in Kunstadter, P., Chapman, E. C. & Sabharsi, S. (eds). Farmers in the forest: economic development and marginal agriculture in N. Thailand. East-West Center, University Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.Google Scholar
Zwetsloot, H. 1981. Forest succession on a deforested area in Surinam. Tunialba 31:369–379.Google Scholar