Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T02:24:48.391Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Development of allometric relationships for accurate estimation of above- and below-ground biomass in tropical secondary forests in Sarawak, Malaysia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

Tanaka Kenzo*
Affiliation:
Bureau of International Partnership, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
Tomoaki Ichie
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Daisuke Hattori
Affiliation:
United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
Takao Itioka
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Chihiro Handa
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Tadahiro Ohkubo
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
Joseph Jawa Kendawang
Affiliation:
Forest Department Sarawak, Kuching, 93660, Malaysia
Masashi Nakamura
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Mari Sakaguchi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Narumi Takahashi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Mayumi Okamoto
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Ayumi Tanaka-Oda
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
Katsutoshi Sakurai
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502, Japan
Ikuo Ninomiya
Affiliation:
United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

We developed allometric relationships between tree size parameters (stem diameter at breast height (dbh), at ground surface (D0) and tree height) and leaf, stem, small-root (diameter <5 mm) and total root biomass in various tropical secondary-forest trees in Sarawak, Malaysia. In total, 136 individuals from 23 species were harvested to measure above-ground parts. Root systems of 77 individuals of 16 species were also excavated. The coefficients of correlation for the obtained allometric relationships between tree diameter and plant-part biomass showed high values, ranging from 0.83 to 0.99. In addition, there were few interspecific differences in relationships for all biomass parts, except for leaves. We also found relatively high coefficients of allometric relationships between tree height and plant-part biomass ranging from 0.83 to 0.94. Comparison of above- and below-ground biomass equations for various tropical rainforests implies that our allometric equations differ largely from the equations for tropical primary forests. Thus, choosing both above- and below-ground allometric equations for biomass estimation in tropical secondary forests of South-East Asia requires careful consideration of their suitability.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

ANDERSON, J. A. R. 1980. A check list of the trees of Sarawak. Forest Department Sarawak, Malaysia. 364 pp.Google Scholar
ANDRIESSE, J. P. & SCHELHAAS, R. M. 1987. A monitoring study of nutrient cycles in soils used for shifting cultivation under various climatic conditions in tropical Asia. II. Nutrient stores in biomass and soil – results of baseline studies. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 19:285310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BAILLIE, I. C. & MAMIT, J. D. 1983. Observations on rooting in mixed dipterocarp forest, central Sarawak. Malaysian Forester 46:369374.Google Scholar
BECKER, P. & CASTILLO, A. 1990. Root architecture of shrubs and saplings in the understory of a tropical moist forest in lowland Panama. Biotropica 22:242249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BERISH, C. W. 1982. Root biomass and surface area in three successional tropical forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 12:699704.Google Scholar
BROWN, S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change in tropical forests. A primer. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 55 pp.Google Scholar
BROWN, S. & LUGO, A. E. 1990. Tropical secondary forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 6:132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BURGESS. 1966. Timbers of Sabah. Forest Department, Sabah, Malaysia. 501 pp.Google Scholar
CAIRNS, M. A., BROWN, S., HELMER, E. H. & BAUMGARDNER, G. A. 1997. Root biomass allocation in the world's upland forests. Oecologia 111:111.Google Scholar
CANADELL, J., JACKSON, R. B., EHLERINGER, J. R., MOONEY, H. A., SALA, O. E. & SCHULZE, E.-D. 1996. Maximum rooting deth of vegetation types at the global scale. Oecologia 108:583595.Google Scholar
CAO, K.-F. 2000. Water relations and gas exchange of tropical saplings during a prolonged drought in a Bornean heath forest, with reference to root architecture. Journal of Tropical Ecology 16:101116.Google Scholar
CHAMBERS, J. Q., SANTOS, J. D., RIBEIRO, R. J. & HIGUCHI, N. 2001. Tree damage, allometric relationships, and above-ground net primary production in central Amazon forest. Forest Ecology and Management 152:7384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CHAVE, J., CONDIT, R., AGUILAR, S., HERNANDEZ, A., LAO, S. & PEREZ, R. 2004. Error propagation and scaling for tropical forest biomass estimates. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B 359:409420.Google Scholar
CHAVE, J., ANDALO, C., BROWN, S., CAIRNS, M. A., CHAMBERS, J. Q., EAMUS, D., FÖLSTER, F. H., FROMARD, F., HIGUCHI, N., LESCURE, J.-P., NELSON, B. W., OGAWA, H., PUIG, H., RIERA, B. & YAMAKURA, T. 2005. Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia 145:8799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
COLE, T. G. & EWEL, J. J. 2006. Allometric equations for four valuable tropical tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 229:351360.Google Scholar
DE JONG, W., CHOKKALINGAN, U. & SMITH, J. 2001. Tropical secondary forests in Asia: introduction and synthesis. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13:563576.Google Scholar
DE KROON, H. & VISSER, E. J. W. 2003. Root ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York. 386 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DENNIS, R., HOFFMANN, A., APPLEGATE, G., VON GEMMINGEN, G. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2001. Large-scale fire: creator and destroyer of secondary forests in western Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 13:786799.Google Scholar
EWEL, J. J., CHAI, P. & LIM, M. T. 1983. Biomass and floristics of three young second-growth forests in Sarawak. Malaysian Forester 46:347364.Google Scholar
HANSEN, M. C. & DEFRIES, R. S. 2004. Detecting long-term global forest change using continuous fields of tree-cover maps from 8-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data for the years 1982–99. Ecosystems 7:695716.Google Scholar
HASHIMOTO, T., KOJIMA, K., TANGE, T. & SASAKI, S. 2000. Changes in carbon storage in fallow forests in the tropical lowlands of Borneo. Forest Ecology and Management 126:331337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HASHIMOTO, T., TANGE, T., MASUMORI, M., YAGI, H., SASAKI, S. & KOJIMA, K. 2004. Allometric equations for pioneer tree species and estimation of the aboveground biomass of a tropical secondary forest in East Kalimantan. Tropics 14;123130.Google Scholar
HATTORI, D., SABANG, J., TANAKA, S., KENDAWANG, J. J., NINOMIYA, I. & SAKURAI, K. 2005. Soil characteristics under three vegetation types associated with sifting cultivation in a mixed dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 51:231241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HATTORI, D., KENZO, T., KENDAWANG, J. J., NINOMIYA, I. & SAKURAI, K. 2006. Experimental planting for restoring tropical forest ecosystems in Sarawak, Malaysia. Pp. 202215 in Suzuki, M., Chong, L., Yoshifuji, N., Sakai, S., Kuraji, K. & Nakashizuka, T. (eds.). Proceedings of international symposium on forest ecology, hydrometeorology and forest ecosystem rehabilitation in Sarawak, Sarawak Forest Corporation and Japan Research Consortium for Tropical Forest in Sarawak, Kuching.Google Scholar
HUGHES, R. F., KAUFFMAN, J. B. & JARAMILLO, V. J. 1999. Biomass, carbon, and nutrient dynamics of secondary forests in humid tropical region of México. Ecology 80:18921907.Google Scholar
IRINO, K. O., KANG, Y., KENZO, T., HATTORI, D., ISHIZUKA, S., NINOMIYA, I., IWASAKI, K., KENDAWANG, J. J. & SAKURAI, K. 2005. Performance of pot-grown seedlings of the dipterocarp Dryobalanops lanceolata with controlled-release fertilizer after transplantation to the shifting cultivation land in Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 51:369377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ISHIZUKA, S., TANAKA, S., SAKURAI, K., HIRAI, H., HIROTANI, H., OGINO, K., LEE, H. S. & KENDAWANG, J. J. 1998. Characterization and distribution of soils at Lambir Hills National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia, with spatial reference to soil hardness and soil texture. Tropics 8:3144.Google Scholar
JACKSON, R. B., CANADELL, J., EHLERINGER, J. R., MOONEY, H. A., SALA, O. E. & SCHULZE, E.-D. 1996. A global analysis of root distributions for terrestrial biomes. Oecologia 108:389411.Google Scholar
JACKSON, R. B., MOONEY, H. A. & SCHULZE, E.-D. 1997. A global budget for fine root biomass, surface area, and nutrient contents. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 94:73627366.Google Scholar
JARAMILLO, V. J., AHEDO-HERNÁNDEZ, R. & KAUFFMAN, J. B. 2003. Root biomass and carbon in a tropical evergreen forest of Mexico: changes with secondary succession and forest conversion to pasture. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19:457464.Google Scholar
JEPSEN, M. R. 2006. Above-ground carbon stocks in tropical fallows, Sarawak, Malaysia. Forest Ecology and Management 225:287295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KARIZUMI, N. 1974. The mechanism and function of tree root in the process of forest production I. Method of investigation and estimation of the root biomass. Bulletin of Government Forest Experiment Station 259:199.Google Scholar
KAWAHARA, T., KANAZAWA, Y. & SAKURAI, S. 1981. Biomass and net production of man-made forests in the Philippines. Journal of Japanese Forest Society 63:320327.Google Scholar
KENDAWANG, J. J., NINOMIYA, I., KENZO, T., OZAWA, T., HATTORI, D., TANAKA, S. & SAKURAI, K. 2007. Effects of burning strength in shifting cultivation on the early stage of secondary succession in Sarawak, Malaysia. Tropics 16:309321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KENZO, T., ICHIE, T., YONEDA, R., WATANABE, Y., NINOMIYA, I. & KOIKE, T. 2006. Changes in photosynthesis and leaf characteristics with height from seedlings to mature canopy trees in five dipterocarp species in a tropical rain forest. Tree Physiology 26:865873.Google Scholar
KENZO, T., ICHIE, T., OZAWA, T., KASHIMURA, S., HATTORI, D., IRINO, K. O., KENDAWANG, J. J., SAKURAI, K. & NINOMIYA, I. 2007. Leaf physiological and morphological responses of seven dipterocarp seedlings to degraded forest environments in Sarawak, Malaysia: a case study of forest rehabilitation practice. Tropics 17:116.Google Scholar
KETTERINGS, Q. M., COE, R., NOORDWIJK, M. V., AMBAGAU, Y. & PALM, C. A. 2001. Reducing uncertainty in the use of allometric biomass equations for predicting above-ground tree biomass in mixed secondary forests. Forest Ecology and Management 146:199209.Google Scholar
KIRA, T. & OGAWA, H. 1968. Indirect estimation of root biomass increment in trees. Pp. 96101 in Ghilarov, M. S., Kovda, V. A., Novichkova-Ivanova, L. N., Robin, L. E. & Sveshnikova, L. M. (eds.). Methods of productivity studies in root systems and rhizosphere organisms, Nauka, Leningrad.Google Scholar
KIRA, T. & SHIDEI, T. 1967. Primary production and turnover of organic matter in different forest ecosystems of the western Pacific. Japanese Journal of Ecology 17:7087.Google Scholar
KIYONO, Y. & HASTANIAH, 2005. Patterns of slash-and-burn land use and their effects on forest succession. Swidden-land forests in Borneo. Bulletin of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute 4:259282.Google Scholar
KRAENZEL, M., CASTILLO, A., MOORE, T. & POTVIN, C. 2003. Carbon storage of harvest-age teak (Tectona grandis) plantations, Panama. Forest Ecology and Management 173:213225.Google Scholar
LAMBERS, H., CHAPIN, F. S. & PONS, T. L. 1998. Plant physiological ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York. 540 pp.Google Scholar
LAVIGNE, M. B. & KRASOWSKI, M. J. 2007. Estimating coarse root biomass of balsam fir. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:991998.Google Scholar
LAWRENCE, D. 2005. Biomass accumulation after 10–200 years of shifting cultivation in Bornean rain forest. Ecology 86:2633.Google Scholar
LIN, K., DUH, C., HUANG, C. & WANG, C. 2006. Estimate of coarse root biomass and nutrient contents of trees in a subtropical broadleaf forest in Taiwan. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 21:155166.Google Scholar
LUGO, A. E. 1992. Comparison of tropical tree plantations with secondary forests of similar age. Ecological Monograph 62:141.Google Scholar
MORI, T. 2000. Effect of droughts and forest fires on dipterocarp forest in East Kalimantan. Pp. 2945 in Guhardja, E., Fatawi, M., Sutisna, M., Mori, T. & Ohta, S. (eds.). Rainforest ecosystems of East Kalimantan: el niño, drought, fire and human impacts, Springer-Verlag,Tokyo.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NAGAMASU, H. & MOMOSE, K. 1997. Flora of Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, with special reference to the Canopy Biology Plot. Pp. 2067 in Inoue, T. & Hamid, A. A. (eds.). Canopy biology program in Sarawak. II. general flowering of tropical forests in Sarawak, Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan.Google Scholar
NELSON, B. W., MESQUITA, R., PEREIRA, J. L. G., DE SOUZA, S. G. A., BATISTA, T. & COUTO, L. B. 1999. Allometric regressions for improved estimate of secondary forest biomass in the central Amazon. Forest Ecology and Management 117:149167.Google Scholar
NICOLL, B. C., GARDINER, B. A., RAYNER, B. & PEACE, A. J. 2006. Anchorage of coniferous trees in relation to species, soil type, and rooting depth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:18711883.Google Scholar
NIIYAMA, K., KAJIMOTO, T., MATSUURA, Y., YAMASHITA, T., KASSIM, A. R., RIPIN, A. & NOOR, N. S. M. 2005. Allometric relationship between stem diameter, tree height, leaf, stem and root biomass in Pasoh Forest Reserve. Pp. 2236 in Okuda, T. & Kondo, T. (eds.). Annual report of NIES/FRIM/UPM joint project tropical ecology and biodiversity 2005. Alles Druck Inc., Tsukuba.Google Scholar
NIKLAS, K. J. 1994. Plant allometry. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 395 pp.Google Scholar
RAI, S. N. & PROCTOR, J. 1986. Ecological studies on four rainforest in Karnataka India. Journal of Ecology 74:439454.Google Scholar
SALDARRIAGA, J. G., WEST, D. C., THARP, M. L. & UHL, C. 1988. Long-term chronosequence of forest succession in the upper Rio Negro of Colombia and Venezuela. Journal of Ecology 76:938958.Google Scholar
SANFORD, R. L. & CUEVAS, E. 1996. Root growth and rhizosphere interactions in tropical forests. Pp. 269300 in Mulkey, S. S., Chazdon, R. L. & Smith, A. P. (eds.). Tropical forest plant ecophysiology. Thomson, New York.Google Scholar
SANTANTONIO, D., HERMANN, R. K. & OVERTON, W. S. 1977. Root biomass studies in forest ecosystems. Pedobiologia 17:131.Google Scholar
SHUKLA, R. P. & RAMAKRISHNAN, P. S. 1984. Biomass allocation strategies and productivity of tropical trees related to successional status. Forest Ecology and Management 9:315324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SIERRA, C. A., DEL VALLE, J. I., ORREGO, S. A., MORENO, F. H., HARMON, M. A., ZAPATA, M., COLORADO, G. J., HERRERA, M. A., LARA, W., RESTREPO, D. E., BERROUET, L. M., LOAIZA, L. M. & BENJUMEA, J. F. 2007. Total carbon stocks in a tropical forest landscape of the Porce region, Colombia. Forest Ecology and Management 243:299309.Google Scholar
SLIK, J. W. F. 2004. El Niño droughts and their effects on tree species composition and diversity in tropical rain forests. Oecologia 141:114120.Google Scholar
SOEPADMO, E. & SAW, L. G. (eds.) 2000. Tree flora of Sabah and Sarawak. Volume Three. FRIM, Sabah Forestry Department, Sarawak Forestry Department, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 511 pp.Google Scholar
SOKAL, R. R. & ROHLF, F. J. 1995. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. (Third edition). W. H. Freeman and Company, New York. 880 pp.Google Scholar
SUZUKI, E. 1999. Diversity in specific gravity and water content of wood among Bornean tropical rainforest trees. Ecological Research 14:211224.Google Scholar
UHL, C. & JORDAN, C. F. 1984. Succession and nutrient dynamics following forest cutting and burning in Amazonia. Ecology 65:14761490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VAN NIEUWSTADT, M. G. L. & SHEIL, D. 2005. Drought, fire and tree survival in a Borneo rain forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Ecology 93:191201.Google Scholar
VOGT, K. A., VOGT, D. J., PALMIOTTO, P. A., BOON, P., O'HARA, J. & ASBJORNSEN, H. 1996. Review of root dynamics in forest ecosystems grouped by climate, climatic forest type and species. Plant and Soil 187:159219.Google Scholar
WANG, C. 2006. Biomass allometric equations for 10 co-occurring tree species in Chinese temperate forests. Forest Ecology and Management 222:916.Google Scholar
WHITMORE, T. C. 1998. An introduction to tropical rain forests. (Second edition). Oxford University Press, Oxford. 296 pp.Google Scholar
WHITTAKER, R. H., BORMANN, F. H., LIKENS, G. E. & SICCAMA, T. G. 1974. The Hubbard Brook ecosystem study: forest biomass and production. Ecological Monographs 44:233252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WRIGHT, S. J. 2005. Tropical forests in a changing environment. Trend of Ecology and Evolution 20:553560.Google Scholar
YAMAKURA, T., HAGIHARA, A., SUKARDJO, S. & OGAWA, H. 1986. Aboveground biomass of tropical rain forest stands in Indonesian Borneo. Vegetatio 68:7182.Google Scholar
ZERIHUN, A., MONTAGU, K. D., HOFFMANN, M. B. & BRAY, S. G. 2006. Patterns of below- and aboveground biomass in Eucalyptus populnea woodland communities of Northeast Australia along a rainfall gradient. Ecosystems 9:501515.Google Scholar