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Complex edge effects on soil moisture and microclimate in central Amazonian forest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

J. L. C. Camargo  and
V. Kapos
J. L. C. Camargo
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, INPA-Ecologia, CP. 478, Manaus 69011 AM, Brazil.
V. Kapos
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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Abstract

We investigated the influence of a four-year-old forest edge near Manaus, Brazil, on soil moisture and vertical profiles of air vapour pressure deficit (VPD) within the forest. Soil moisture was measured (with a neutron probe) 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150 and 200 m into the forest from the edge, in undisturbed control areas, and in the pasture. Control soil moisture was better explained by rainfall in the previous 2 or 10 days than by longer-term totals. Soil water potentials ≤ – 1.5 MPa occurred at some forest locations during the driest period. The variation in soil moisture with distance from the forest edge was complex, with higher values just inside the edge and depleted zones at the edge and 40–80 m inside it. At a given height, VPD (standardized relative to measurements in the open) was not related to distance from the edge, but VPD increased more with height near the edge than in control areas. The complexity of the edge's influence and the contrast with earlier data from the same edge can be explained by the changing vegetation structure near the edge. Regrowth ‘seals’ the edge with more leaves that transpire and deplete soil moisture, while protecting the understorey just inside the edge from desiccating conditions. A mosaic of gaps of differing ages develops behind the edge, increasing the variation in microclimatic conditions near the ground and consequently in evapotranspiration and soil moisture.

Keywords

edge effectsforest fragmentmicroclimateneutron probesoil moisturetropical forestvegetation structureVPD
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , May 1995 , pp. 205 - 221
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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