The dynamics of early life-history stages are important for understanding regional diversity patterns in tropical trees. In this study, patterns of seed removal, seedling survival and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization in monodominant and mixed tropical rain forests in Guyana were investigated during a masting event of an ECM monodominant tree, Dicymbe corymbosa. Two seed densities (1 m−2 and 6 m−2) were tested in two forest types (monodominant versus mixed) with 10 plots per treatment (40 plots total). Germination success, seed and seedling survival after 1 y were measured for the monodominant tree, and four non-dominant canopy tree species found in both forest types (Eschweilera sagotiana, Licania laxiflora, Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum and Carapa guianensis). A significant effect of forest type was detected for seed removal and seedling survival. In the mixed forest, seed removal was higher for all species, with 27% average removal compared with 7% average seed removal in the monodominant forest. Germination success was significantly lower for all but one species in the mixed forest, with average germination of 41% compared with 78% germination in the monodominant forest. Seed and seedling survival of the monodominant tree was greatest within the monodominant forest with 93% of seeds germinating and 85% of seedlings surviving after 1 y compared with 65% germination and 15% seedling survival in the mixed forest. Per cent ectomycorrhizal colonization of Dicymbe corymbosa was near 100% in the monodominant forest, but significantly lower (14%) in the mixed forest. These results suggest that seedling survival patterns, rather than seed survival, are more important for recruitment success in this system and that ectomycorrhizal inoculum may limit establishment of Dicymbe corymbosa in the mixed forest.