Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:17:54.816Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phenology and flowering periodicity of Neotropical dry forest species: evidence from herbarium collections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Rolf Borchert
Rolf Borchert
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Haworth Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2106, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

To examine the potential contribution of herbarium material to the description and analysis of tropical tree phenology, flowering times and geographical distribution were graphed for 1673 flowering collections from 18 species native to Neotropical dry forests and phenological differences between species were analysed. These include the timing and duration of flowering as well as morphological differences such as flowering on leafless twigs vs flowering on shoots bearing old or new foliage. Species-specific flowering periods of herbarium collections are similar to those observed in phenological field studies, but are often longer because of the larger geographical and temporal sampling range. Conspecific collections of different geographical origin show distinct differences in flowering periodicity, which are correlated with differences in the timing and intensity of the dry season. Interspecific differences in the timing of phenology relative to the dry season indicate differences in the control of phenology by seasonal drought. Herbaria thus represent a large potential source of phenological information which can either supplement and extend phenological field studies or provide phenological information for dry forest species not studied in the field but well represented in herbarium collections.

Keywords

flowering periodicityherbarium collectionsNeotropicsphenologytropical dry forest
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , January 1996 , pp. 65 - 80
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

LITERATURE CITED

Ashton, P. S., Givnish, T. J. & Appanah, S. 1988. Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: new insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132:44–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augspurger, C. K. 1982. A cue for synchronous flowering. Pp. 133–150 in Leigh, E. H., Rand, A. S. & Windsor, D. W. (eds). The ecology of a tropical forest. Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.Google Scholar
Bawa, K. S. & Frankie, G. W. 1983. Cochlospermum vitifolium (Poro-poro, Cochlospermum, silk-tree, cotton tree). Pp. 215–219 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Borchert, R. 1980. Phenology and ecophysiology of the tropical tree, Erythrina poeppigiana O.F. Cook. Ecology 61:1065–1074.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchert, R. 1986. Erythrina. Pp. 95–107 in Halevy, A. H. (ed.). CRC handbook of flowering, Vol. V. CRC Press, Boca Raton.Google Scholar
Borchert, R. 1992. Computer simulation of tree growth periodicity and climatic hydroperiodicity in tropical forests. Biotropica 24:385–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchert, R. 1994a. Water status and development of tropical trees during seasonal drought. Trees 8:115–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchert, R. 1994b. Site water availability and stem water storage determine water status, phenology and distribution of trees in a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Ecology 75:1437–1449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borchert, R. 1994c. Induction of rehydration and bud break by irrigation or rain in deciduous trees of a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Trees 8:198–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullock, S. H. 1986. Observations and an experiment on synchronous flowering. Madroño 33:223–226.Google Scholar
Bullock, S. H. & Solis-Magallanes, J. A. 1990. Phenology of canopy trees of a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico. Biotropica 22:22–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daubenmire, R. 1972. Phenology and other characteristics of tropical semi-deciduous forest in northwestern Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 60:147–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankie, G. W., Baker, H. G. & Opler, P. A. 1974. Comparative phenological studies of trees in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 62:881–919.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gentry, A. S. 1992. Bignoniaceae Part II (Tribe Tecomae). Flora Neotropica Monograph 25. New York Botanical Garden, New York.Google Scholar
Haber, W. A. & Frankie, G. W. 1983. Luehea Candida (guacimo molenillo, molenillo). Pp. 269–270 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Hartshorn, G. S. & Gentry, A. H. 1983. Anacardium exulsum (espavél, espavé, acajou). Pp. 189–190 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Holbrook, N. M., Whitbeck, J. L. & Mooney, H. A. 1995. Drought responses of neotropical deciduous forest trees. In press. As Mooney, H. A., Medina, E. & Bullock, S. H. (eds). Neotropical deciduous forests. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, H. S. & Barneby, R. C. 1982. The American Cassiinae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 35:1–454.Google Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1983a. Pithecellobium soman (cenizero, genizero, raintree). Pp. 305–307 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costan Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. 1983b. Guazuma ulmifolia (guacimo, guacima, caulote, tapulco). Pp. 246–248 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, D. H. & Liesner, R. 1980. Annotated check-list of lowland Guanacaste province, Costa Rica. Brenesia 18:15–90.Google Scholar
Lieberman, D. 1982. Seasonality and phenology in a dry tropical forest in Ghana. Journal of Ecology 70:791–806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monasterio, M. & Sarmiento, G. 1976. Phenological strategies of plant species in the tropical savanna and the semi-deciduous forest of the Venezuelan llanos. Journal of Biogeography 3:325–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mooney, H. A., Medina, E. & Bullock, S. H. (eds). 1995. Neotropical deciduous forests. Academic Press, New York (in press).Google Scholar
Mori, S. A. & Prance, G. T. 1987. Phenology. Pp. 124–135 in Mori, S. A. (ed.). The Lecythidacea of a lowland neotropical forest: La Fumée mountain, French Guiana. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 40.Google Scholar
Müller, L. E. 1967. Der Wasserhaushalt als begrenzender Faktor beim Anbau tropischer Nutzpflanzen. Berichte Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft 80:53–59.Google Scholar
Murphy, P. G. & Lugo, A. E. 1986. Ecology of tropical dry forest. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 17:67–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Niewolt, S. 1977. Tropical climatology. John Wiley, London.Google Scholar
Opler, P. A., Frankie, G. W. & Baker, H. G. 1976. Rainfall as a factor in the release, timing and synchronization of anthesis by tropical trees and shrubs. Journal of Biogeography 3:321–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Opler, P. A. & Janzen, D. H. 1983. Cordia alliodora (laurel). Pp. 219–221 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Reich, P. B. & Borchert, T. 1982. Phenology and ecophysiology of the tropical tree, Tabebuia neochrysantha (Bignoniaceae). Ecology 63:294–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reich, P. B. & Borchert, R. 1984. Water stress and tree phenology in a tropical dry forest in the lowlands of Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology 72:61–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, G. 1983. Bursera simarouba (indio desnudo, jiñocuave, gumbo limbo). Pp. 201–202 in Janzen, D. H. (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Windsor, D. S. 1982. The phenology of new leaf production and flowering for selected trees, shrubs and vines on Barro Colorado Island, Republic of Panama. –A preliminary data report. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.Google Scholar