¹ Among others, see Gorbman, Claudia, Unheard Melodies: Narrative Film Music (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987)Google Scholar; Kalinak, Kathryn, Settling the Score: Music and the Classical Hollywood Film (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992)Google Scholar; Flinn, Caryl, Strains of Utopia: Gender, Nostalgia, and Hollywood Film Music (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

² Platte, Nathan, “Before Kong was King: Competing Methods in Hollywood Underscore,” Journal of the Society for American Music 8, no. 3 (August 2014): 311–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Slowik, Michael, After the Silents: Hollywood Film Music in the Early Sound Era (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Friedman, Ryan Jay, Hollywood's African American Films: The Transition to Sound (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2011)Google Scholar.

³ Altman, Rick, Silent Film Sound (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004)Google Scholar; Levine, Lawrence, Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988)Google Scholar; Sobchack, Vivian, The Address of the Eye: A Phenomenology of Film Experience (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992)Google Scholar.