¹ Producer Josh Kun, quoted in Alex Williams, “Love ‘Springtime for Hitler’? Then Here's the CD for You,” New York Times, 29 October 2006.

² Robert Christgau, Consumer Guide, http://www.robertchristgau.com/cg.php.

³ Irving Berlin: Early Songs, 1907–1914, ed. Charles Hamm, Music of the United States of America 2, Recent Researches in American Music 20 (Madison: A-R Editions, 1994).

⁴ Always one to pick up on a trend, Irving Berlin adopts Abie Cohen as the protagonist in such songs as “The Yiddisha Professor” (1912) and “In My Harem” (1913).

⁵ Indiana University Lilly Library's DeVincent Collection, http://www.letrs.indiana.edu/cgi/b/bib/bib-idx?c=devincent.

⁶ For more on the Jewish-Indian encounter on the American musical stage, see Andrea Most, Making Americans: Jews and the Broadway Musical(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004).

⁷ Jody Rosen, podcast interview by Sara Ivry, Minstrel Show, 13 November 2006, http://www.nextbook.org/cultural/feature.html?id=455.