No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
Early New England Psalmody and American Folk Hymns in the Tune Books of Thomas Hastings
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 August 2016
Abstract
Thomas Hastings and his contemporary, Lowell Mason, have often been criticized for rejecting the music of the eighteenth-century American psalmodists and nineteenth-century folk hymnody in favor of what are sometimes considered to be insipid arrangements or imitations of imported European melodies. Hastings, in particular, made a number of vehement statements castigating pieces in these idioms. It is certainly true that Hastings held a low opinion of many pieces in these genres, but it is also true that he printed a surprising number of them in his tune books. While many of these items were probably included because he needed them to help sell his tune books, it is also evident that his rejection of the earlier American pieces was not quite as complete as it is sometimes made out to be. This study traces his use of these “objectionable” items and of some tunes the origins of which are uncertain.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Society for American Music 2016
References
References
Allen, George N.
Oberlin Social & Sabbath School Hymn Book. Oberlin, OH: James M. Fitch, 1846.Google Scholar
The American Musical Miscellany. Northampton, MA: Andrew Wright, 1798.Google Scholar
Baptist Hymnal. Nashville, TN: LifeWay Worship, 2008.Google Scholar
Beecher, Henry Ward, Beecher, Charles, and Zundel, John. Plymouth Collection of Hymns and Tunes. New York: A. S. Barnes, 1855.Google Scholar
Bradbury, William B.
The Devotional Hymn and Tune Book. Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication Society, 1864
Google Scholar
Bradbury, William B.
The Eclectic Tune Book. Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Publication Committee, 1860.Google Scholar
Carden, Allen D.
The Missouri Harmony. Cincinnati, OH: Morgan Lodge, 1820; with supplement “by an amateur,” Cincinnati, OH: Morgan and Sanxay, 1835; rev., enl., and corrected ed. by Charles Warren, Cincinnati, OH: Wm. Phillips, 1850.Google Scholar
Cook, T. J., and Perkins, T. E.. The Oriental Glee & Anthem Book. New York: F. J. Huntington, 1861.Google Scholar
Doane, W. Howard, musical ed. The Baptist Hymnal, for Use in the Church and Home. Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication Society, 1883.Google Scholar
Funk, Joseph. A Compilation of Genuine Church Music. Winchester, VA: J. W. Hollis, 1832.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. The Presbyterian Juvenile Psalmodist. Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1856.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. The Presbyterian Psalmodist. Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1852.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Mason, Lowell. Spiritual Songs for Social Worship. Utica, NY: W. Williams, 1832.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Bradbury, William B.. The Mendelssohn Collection. New York: Ivison & Phinney, 1849.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Bradbury, William B.. The New York Choralist. New York: Mark H. Newman, 1847.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Bradbury, William B.. Psalmista. New York: Newman & Ivison, 1851.Google Scholar
Holyoke, Samuel. Harmonia Americana. Boston: Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews, 1791.Google Scholar
Jocelin, Simeon, and Doolittle, Amos. The Chorister's Companion. New Haven: Simeon Jocelin and Amos Doolittle, 1782.Google Scholar
Little, William, and Smith, William. The Easy Instructor. [Philadelphia, PA: N.p., 1801].Google Scholar
Mason, Lowell. The Boston Academy's Collection of Church Music. Boston: Carter, Hendee, 1835.Google Scholar
Mason, Lowell, and James Webb, George. The National Psalmist. Boston: Tappan, Whittemore, and Mason, 1848.Google Scholar
Mason, Lowell, and Mason, Timothy B.. The Sacred Harp. New ed., rev. and corr. Cincinnati, OH: Truman and Smith, 1835.Google Scholar
The Methodist Hymnal. New York: Methodist Book Concern, 1905.Google Scholar
Patterson, Robert. Patterson's Church Music. Cincinnati, OH: Looker and Wallace, 1813.Google Scholar
Psalms for All Seasons: A Complete Psalter for Worship. Grand Rapids: Calvin Institute of Christian Worship/Faith Alive Christian Resources/Brazos Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Read, Daniel. The American Singing Book. New Haven, CT: Printed for and sold by the author, 1785.Google Scholar
Shaw, Benjamin, and Spilman, Charles H.. Columbian Harmony. Cincinnati, OH: Lodge, L'Hommedieu and Hammond, 1829.Google Scholar
Wyeth, John. Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second. Harrisburg, PA: John Wyeth, 1813.Google Scholar
Crawford, Richard. “‘Ancient Music’ and the Europeanizing of American Psalmody, 1800–1810.” In A Celebration of American Music: Words and Music in Honor of H. Wiley Hitchcock, ed. Richard Crawford, R.
Lott, Allen, and Oja, Carol J., 225–55. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Crawford, Richard. The Core Repertory of Early American Psalmody. Recent Researches in American Music 11–12. Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1984.Google Scholar
Dooley, James Edward. “Thomas Hastings: American Church Musician.” Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1963.Google Scholar
Eskew, Harry Lee. “Shape-Note Hymnody in the Shenandoah Valley, 1816–1860.” Ph.D. diss., Tulane University, 1966.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Music in Revivals.” Western Recorder, 8, no. 3 (18 January 1831), 12.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Musical Authors and Publications of the United States.” The Musical Magazine, 1, no. 3 (July 1835), 85–91.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Particular Adaptation, No. V.” Western Recorder, 2, no. 68 (18 October 1825), 168.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Patent Notes.” The Musical Magazine, 2, no. 9 (January 1837), 137–40.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. Review of The Christian Lyre
(1830). In Western Recorder, 7, no. 52 (28 December, 1830), 208.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. Review of Stoughton Collection of Church Music
(1829). In Western Recorder, 7, no. 1 (5 January 1830), 4.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. Review of Zion's Harp
(1824). In Western Recorder, 2, no. 46 (17 May 1825), 80.Google Scholar
Hatchett, Marion J. “Benjamin Shaw and Charles H. Spilman's Columbian Harmony, or, Pilgrim's Musical Companion
.” The Hymn, 42, no. 1 (January 1991), 20–23.Google Scholar
Hatchett, Marion J.
A Companion to the New Harp of Columbia. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Hitchcock, H. Wiley. “William Billings and the Yankee Tunesmiths.” Hi-Fi/Stereo Review
16, no. 2 (February 1966), 55–65.Google Scholar
Hoover, Earl R. “Flow Gently.” Harvard Law School Bulletin
20, no. 3 (January 1969): 11–15.Google Scholar
Horn, Dorothy D.
Sing to Me of Heaven: A Study of Folk and Early American Materials in Three Old Harp Books. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. Another Sheaf of White Spirituals. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1953.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. Down-East Spirituals and Others. 2nd ed.
Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. Spiritual Folk-Songs of Early America. 2nd ed.
Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1933; reprinted, New York: Dover, 1965.Google Scholar
Jordan, John Mark. “Sacred Praise: Thomas Hastings and the Reform of Sacred Music in Nineteenth-Century America.” Ph.D. diss., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1999.Google Scholar
Mason, Henry L.
Hymn-Tunes of Lowell Mason, a Bibliography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1944.Google Scholar
Melville, Malcolm. “Spilman Papers.” Forestville, CA: Privately printed [typescript], 1965.Google Scholar
Music, David W., ed. A Selection of Shape-Note Folk Hymns. Recent Researches in American Music, 52. Middleton, WI: A-R Editions, 2004.Google Scholar
Nutter, Charles S., and Tillett, Wilbur F., The Hymns and Hymn Writers of the Church: An Annotated Edition of The Methodist Hymnal. New York: Eaton & Mains, 1911.Google Scholar
Pappas, Nikos, comp. “Southern and Western American Sacred Music and Influential Sources (1700-1870).” Unpublished digital research database hosted by the Alabama Digital Humanities Center of the University of Alabama.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Ginger L., and DeVries, Janet M.. Pioneering Palm Beach: The Deweys and the South Florida Frontier. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Roth, Lynette M. “Heaven, Harmony, and Home: Thomas Hastings's and Joshua Leavitt's Dueling Tunebooks.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1996.Google Scholar
Shull, Carl N. “John Logan: His Life and Work as a Singing School Teacher on the Virginia and North Carolina Frontiers, 1792–1813.” Augusta Historical Bulletin
16, no. 1 (Spring 1980): 22–49.Google Scholar
Temperley, Nicholas, assisted by Manns, Charles G., and Herl, Joseph. The Hymn Tune Index: A Census of English-Language Hymn Tunes in Printed Sources from 1535 to 1820. 4 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. http://hymntune.library.uiuc.edu.Google Scholar
Wasson, D. DeWitt. Hymntune Index and Related Hymn Materials. 3 vols. No. 6 of Studies in Liturgical Musicology. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Williams, Hermine Weigel. Thomas Hastings: An Introduction to His Life and Music. New York: iUniverse, 2005.Google Scholar
Allen, George N.
Oberlin Social & Sabbath School Hymn Book. Oberlin, OH: James M. Fitch, 1846.Google Scholar
The American Musical Miscellany. Northampton, MA: Andrew Wright, 1798.Google Scholar
Baptist Hymnal. Nashville, TN: LifeWay Worship, 2008.Google Scholar
Beecher, Henry Ward, Beecher, Charles, and Zundel, John. Plymouth Collection of Hymns and Tunes. New York: A. S. Barnes, 1855.Google Scholar
Bradbury, William B.
The Devotional Hymn and Tune Book. Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication Society, 1864
Google Scholar
Bradbury, William B.
The Eclectic Tune Book. Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Publication Committee, 1860.Google Scholar
Carden, Allen D.
The Missouri Harmony. Cincinnati, OH: Morgan Lodge, 1820; with supplement “by an amateur,” Cincinnati, OH: Morgan and Sanxay, 1835; rev., enl., and corrected ed. by Charles Warren, Cincinnati, OH: Wm. Phillips, 1850.Google Scholar
Cook, T. J., and Perkins, T. E.. The Oriental Glee & Anthem Book. New York: F. J. Huntington, 1861.Google Scholar
Doane, W. Howard, musical ed. The Baptist Hymnal, for Use in the Church and Home. Philadelphia, PA: American Baptist Publication Society, 1883.Google Scholar
Funk, Joseph. A Compilation of Genuine Church Music. Winchester, VA: J. W. Hollis, 1832.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. The Presbyterian Juvenile Psalmodist. Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1856.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. The Presbyterian Psalmodist. Philadelphia, PA: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1852.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Mason, Lowell. Spiritual Songs for Social Worship. Utica, NY: W. Williams, 1832.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Bradbury, William B.. The Mendelssohn Collection. New York: Ivison & Phinney, 1849.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Bradbury, William B.. The New York Choralist. New York: Mark H. Newman, 1847.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas, and Bradbury, William B.. Psalmista. New York: Newman & Ivison, 1851.Google Scholar
Holyoke, Samuel. Harmonia Americana. Boston: Isaiah Thomas and Ebenezer T. Andrews, 1791.Google Scholar
Jocelin, Simeon, and Doolittle, Amos. The Chorister's Companion. New Haven: Simeon Jocelin and Amos Doolittle, 1782.Google Scholar
Little, William, and Smith, William. The Easy Instructor. [Philadelphia, PA: N.p., 1801].Google Scholar
Mason, Lowell. The Boston Academy's Collection of Church Music. Boston: Carter, Hendee, 1835.Google Scholar
Mason, Lowell, and James Webb, George. The National Psalmist. Boston: Tappan, Whittemore, and Mason, 1848.Google Scholar
Mason, Lowell, and Mason, Timothy B.. The Sacred Harp. New ed., rev. and corr. Cincinnati, OH: Truman and Smith, 1835.Google Scholar
The Methodist Hymnal. New York: Methodist Book Concern, 1905.Google Scholar
Patterson, Robert. Patterson's Church Music. Cincinnati, OH: Looker and Wallace, 1813.Google Scholar
Psalms for All Seasons: A Complete Psalter for Worship. Grand Rapids: Calvin Institute of Christian Worship/Faith Alive Christian Resources/Brazos Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Read, Daniel. The American Singing Book. New Haven, CT: Printed for and sold by the author, 1785.Google Scholar
Shaw, Benjamin, and Spilman, Charles H.. Columbian Harmony. Cincinnati, OH: Lodge, L'Hommedieu and Hammond, 1829.Google Scholar
Wyeth, John. Repository of Sacred Music, Part Second. Harrisburg, PA: John Wyeth, 1813.Google Scholar
Crawford, Richard. “‘Ancient Music’ and the Europeanizing of American Psalmody, 1800–1810.” In A Celebration of American Music: Words and Music in Honor of H. Wiley Hitchcock, ed. Richard Crawford, R.
Lott, Allen, and Oja, Carol J., 225–55. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Crawford, Richard. The Core Repertory of Early American Psalmody. Recent Researches in American Music 11–12. Madison, WI: A-R Editions, 1984.Google Scholar
Dooley, James Edward. “Thomas Hastings: American Church Musician.” Ph.D. diss., Florida State University, 1963.Google Scholar
Eskew, Harry Lee. “Shape-Note Hymnody in the Shenandoah Valley, 1816–1860.” Ph.D. diss., Tulane University, 1966.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Music in Revivals.” Western Recorder, 8, no. 3 (18 January 1831), 12.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Musical Authors and Publications of the United States.” The Musical Magazine, 1, no. 3 (July 1835), 85–91.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Particular Adaptation, No. V.” Western Recorder, 2, no. 68 (18 October 1825), 168.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. “Patent Notes.” The Musical Magazine, 2, no. 9 (January 1837), 137–40.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. Review of The Christian Lyre
(1830). In Western Recorder, 7, no. 52 (28 December, 1830), 208.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. Review of Stoughton Collection of Church Music
(1829). In Western Recorder, 7, no. 1 (5 January 1830), 4.Google Scholar
Hastings, Thomas. Review of Zion's Harp
(1824). In Western Recorder, 2, no. 46 (17 May 1825), 80.Google Scholar
Hatchett, Marion J. “Benjamin Shaw and Charles H. Spilman's Columbian Harmony, or, Pilgrim's Musical Companion
.” The Hymn, 42, no. 1 (January 1991), 20–23.Google Scholar
Hatchett, Marion J.
A Companion to the New Harp of Columbia. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Hitchcock, H. Wiley. “William Billings and the Yankee Tunesmiths.” Hi-Fi/Stereo Review
16, no. 2 (February 1966), 55–65.Google Scholar
Hoover, Earl R. “Flow Gently.” Harvard Law School Bulletin
20, no. 3 (January 1969): 11–15.Google Scholar
Horn, Dorothy D.
Sing to Me of Heaven: A Study of Folk and Early American Materials in Three Old Harp Books. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. Another Sheaf of White Spirituals. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1953.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. Down-East Spirituals and Others. 2nd ed.
Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. Spiritual Folk-Songs of Early America. 2nd ed.
Locust Valley, NY: J. J. Augustin, 1953.Google Scholar
Jackson, George Pullen. White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1933; reprinted, New York: Dover, 1965.Google Scholar
Jordan, John Mark. “Sacred Praise: Thomas Hastings and the Reform of Sacred Music in Nineteenth-Century America.” Ph.D. diss., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1999.Google Scholar
Mason, Henry L.
Hymn-Tunes of Lowell Mason, a Bibliography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1944.Google Scholar
Melville, Malcolm. “Spilman Papers.” Forestville, CA: Privately printed [typescript], 1965.Google Scholar
Music, David W., ed. A Selection of Shape-Note Folk Hymns. Recent Researches in American Music, 52. Middleton, WI: A-R Editions, 2004.Google Scholar
Nutter, Charles S., and Tillett, Wilbur F., The Hymns and Hymn Writers of the Church: An Annotated Edition of The Methodist Hymnal. New York: Eaton & Mains, 1911.Google Scholar
Pappas, Nikos, comp. “Southern and Western American Sacred Music and Influential Sources (1700-1870).” Unpublished digital research database hosted by the Alabama Digital Humanities Center of the University of Alabama.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Ginger L., and DeVries, Janet M.. Pioneering Palm Beach: The Deweys and the South Florida Frontier. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Roth, Lynette M. “Heaven, Harmony, and Home: Thomas Hastings's and Joshua Leavitt's Dueling Tunebooks.” Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1996.Google Scholar
Shull, Carl N. “John Logan: His Life and Work as a Singing School Teacher on the Virginia and North Carolina Frontiers, 1792–1813.” Augusta Historical Bulletin
16, no. 1 (Spring 1980): 22–49.Google Scholar
Temperley, Nicholas, assisted by Manns, Charles G., and Herl, Joseph. The Hymn Tune Index: A Census of English-Language Hymn Tunes in Printed Sources from 1535 to 1820. 4 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. http://hymntune.library.uiuc.edu.Google Scholar
Wasson, D. DeWitt. Hymntune Index and Related Hymn Materials. 3 vols. No. 6 of Studies in Liturgical Musicology. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Williams, Hermine Weigel. Thomas Hastings: An Introduction to His Life and Music. New York: iUniverse, 2005.Google Scholar