Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T01:18:42.189Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mary Davenport Engberg: Pioneering Musician in a Bachelors’ Frontier

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2011

ELIZABETH JULIANA KNIGHTON
ELIZABETH JULIANA KNIGHTON*
Affiliation:
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Many women in the United States encountered resistance to their involvement in orchestral conducting and public instrumental performance—both solo and ensemble—in the early twentieth century. Mary Davenport Engberg (1880–1951), however, became involved in the developing musical culture of the Pacific Northwest without encountering opposition based on her gender. In 1911 Engberg founded the mixed-gender Bellingham Symphony Orchestra, which she conducted until she became the conductor of the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra in 1921, and she also performed extensively as a violinist in Seattle and along the West Coast. She was the director of an influential music school in Seattle and cofounded the Seattle Civic Opera Association in 1932. Engberg's life and accomplishments reveal the effect of regional differences in the experiences and reception of women in American music. An understanding of her contributions leads to a better appreciation of the varied roles played by women in instrumental music throughout our country's history.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Society for American Music , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , August 2011 , pp. 365 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Music 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Ammer, Christine. Unsung: A History of Women in American Music. Portland: Amadeus Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Andrews, Mildred. Seattle Women: A Legacy of Community Development. Seattle: YWCA, 1984.Google Scholar
Blair, Karen J. “The Seattle Ladies Musical Club, 1890–1930.” In Experiences in a Promised Land: Essays in Pacific Northwest History, ed. Edwards, G. Thomas and Schwantes, Carlos A., 124–38. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Block, Adrienne Fried. “Women in American Music, 1800–1918.” In Women & Music: A History, 2nd ed., ed. Pendle, Karin, 193–223. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Bowers, Jane, and Tick, Judith, eds. Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewster, David, and Buerge, David M., eds. Washingtonians: A Biographical Portrait of the State. Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 1988.Google Scholar
Campbell, Esther W.Bagpipes in the Woodwind Section: A History of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra and Its Women's Association. Seattle: Seattle Symphony Women's Association, 1978.Google Scholar
Cornish, Nellie. Miss Aunt Nellie: The Autobiography of Nellie C. Cornish. Van Volkenberg Browne, Ellen and Nordhoff Beck, Edward, eds. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Dennis, Mae E., et al. Pioneers of the Columbia. Colville, Wash: Greenwood Park Grange, 1965.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. Michele. “North America since 1920.” In Women & Music: A History, 2nd ed., ed. Pendle, Karin, 314–85. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. Michele. “Women on the Podium.” In The Cambridge Companion to Conducting, ed. Bowen, José Antonio, 220–36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwald, Maurine Weiner. “Working-Class Feminism and the Family Wage Ideal: The Seattle Debate on Married Women's Right to Work 1914–1920.” In Women in Pacific Northwest History, rev. ed., ed. Blair, Karen J., 94–134. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Haarsager, Sandra. Organized Womanhood: Cultural Politics in the Pacific Northwest, 1840–1920. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Macleod, Beth Abelson. “‘Whence Comes the Lady Tympanist?’ Gender and Instrumental Musicians in America, 1853–1990.” Journal of Social History 27/2 (Winter 1993): 291–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed. Women in Music: An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Neuls-Bates, Carol. “Women's Orchestras in the United States, 1925–1945.” In Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950, ed. Bowers, Jane and Tick, Judith, 349–69. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Pieroth, Doris H. “Bertha Knight Landes: The Woman Who Was Mayor.” In Women in Pacific Northwest History, rev. ed., ed. Blair, Karen J., 135–57. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Lottie Roeder, Roth, ed. History of Whatcom County. 2 vols. Seattle: Pioneer Historical Publishing Company, 1926.Google Scholar
Shaffer, Karen A., and Neva Garner, Greenwood. Maud Powell: Pioneer American Violinist. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Sheppard, Edward, and Emily, Johnson. “Forty Years of Symphony in Seattle, 1903–1943.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 35/1 (January 1944): 19–28.Google Scholar
Starbuck, Susan. Hazel Wolf: Fighting the Establishment. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Tick, Judith. “Passed Away Is the Piano Girl.” In Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950, ed. Bowers, Jane and Tick, Judith, 325–48. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tick, Judith. “Women as Professional Musicians in the United States, 1870–1900.” Anuario Interamericano de Investigación Musical 9 (1973): 95–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“1914: Renowned Violinist Conducts in Bellingham.” Bellingham Herald, 4 March 1999.Google Scholar
“Anita Lipp Scores in Debut Recital.” New York Times, 3 April 1948.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Everhardt. “Music and Musicians.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 24 April 1921.Google Scholar
Bargreen, Melinda. “In the Conducting World, Where Are All the ‘Chicks with Sticks’?” Seattle Times, 23 May 2010.Google Scholar
“Children's Concert Today: Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra Will Present Program at the Arena.” Seattle Times, 16 March 1924.Google Scholar
“Civic Orchestra Heard in Concert.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 25 April 1921.Google Scholar
Concert Review of Davenport Engberg Orchestra, 15 November 1912. Musical Observer 7/1, January 1913.Google Scholar
Constans, Emma Backus. “Frontier Cosmopolite.” Argus (Seattle), 9 January 1976.Google Scholar
“Continued Success of Mme. Davenport-Engberg.” Musical Observer, March 1914.Google Scholar
Davenport-Engberg, Mary. “How to Start a Local Symphony Orchestra.” Etude, May 1917.Google Scholar
Display Advertisements. Announcement of Mme. Davenport Engberg recital. New York Times, 25 November 1904.Google Scholar
“Engberg-Higginson Concert.” Bellingham Herald, 1 October 1908.Google Scholar
“Enjoyable to All: Mrs. Engberg Program Contains Most Difficult Numbers.” Bellingham Herald, 8 February 1906.Google Scholar
“Famous Numbers in Concert Program.” Bellingham Herald, 30 April 1912.Google Scholar
“Funeral Rites Are Held for Henry Engberg.” Obituary. Seattle Times, 12 December 1942.Google Scholar
“‘Go West, Young Musician!’ Maud Powell Advises.” Musical America, 29 March 1913.Google Scholar
“Grand Opera by Seattle: Civic Group Opens Ninth Season of Productions in English.” Newsweek, 23 December 1940.Google Scholar
“Her Repertoire without Limit: Mrs. Engberg Masters Most Difficult Violin Numbers.” Bellingham Herald, 7 February 1906.Google Scholar
“Huge Crowd Is Entranced by Music.” Bellingham Herald, 4 May 1912.Google Scholar
“Leader of the Band: Bellingham Conductor Made History.” Bellingham Herald, 15 March 2001.Google Scholar
“Local News.” Seattle Times, 24 April 2008.Google Scholar
“Lyric Society Will Present Spring Event.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 14 April 1935.Google Scholar
“Many Entertain at Opera Performance.” Clipping from albums made by Mary Davenport Engberg and owned by Patricia Engberg, Enumclaw, Wash., source and date unknown.Google Scholar
“Mary Davenport-Engberg, Music Conductor.” Bellingham Herald, 25 March 1990.Google Scholar
“Maud Powell to Appear with Orchestra Tonight.” Bellingham Herald, 24 January 1913.Google Scholar
“Mme. Davenport-Engberg, Only Woman Leader of Symphony Orchestra.” Musical Observer, February 1924.Google Scholar
“Mme. Davenport Engberg's Recital.” New York Times, 20 November 1904.Google Scholar
“Mme. Engberg Presents Artist Student.” Music and Musicians, April 1937.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Davenport-Engberg.” Bellingham Herald, 20 January 1906.Google Scholar
“Mme. Engberg Plays Violin.” New York Press. November 26, 1904.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Engberg, Musician and Teacher, Dies.” Obituary. Seattle Times, 24 January 1951.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Engberg to Entertain Opera Star.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 16 December 1947.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Engberg Will Appear on Normal Lecture Course.” Bellingham Herald, 3 November 1906.Google Scholar
“Music Lovers Offered a Rare Treat.” Bellingham Herald, 2 May 1912.Google Scholar
“Musician and Playgoer.” Town Crier (Seattle), 13 November 1926.Google Scholar
“News and Comment of the Current Week in Music.” Entry reporting Emily Bentley Dow winning the National Federation of Music Clubs Contest. New York Times, 1 May 1927.Google Scholar
“News and Comment of the Current Week in Music.” Notice of possible re–forming of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra. New York Times, 31 August 1924.Google Scholar
“Opera and Concert Programs of the Week.” Announcement of Anita Lipp recital. New York Times, 12 November 1950.Google Scholar
“Orchestra Gets Praise from Violinist.” Bellingham Herald, 25 January 1913.Google Scholar
“Orchestra to Open Season November 4.” Seattle Times, 28 October 1923.Google Scholar
“Orchestra to Play ‘Pathetique’ Next.” Seattle Times, 23 December 1923.Google Scholar
“Poet Pays Tribute to Great Musician.” Bellingham Herald, 9 February 1906.Google Scholar
“Profile: Mary ‘Madame’ Davenport-Engberg.” Bellingham Herald, Women's History Month Celebration. 29 March 1998.Google Scholar
“Pupils Appear with Orchestra.” Seattle Times, 17 February 1924.Google Scholar
“Seattle's Women, through the Untiring Efforts of Nellie Cornish, Save City's Symphony Orchestra from Disbandonment [sic].” Musical Courier, 11 November 1920.Google Scholar
Smith, Fanny Morris. “The Work of Our Women's Musical Clubs.” Etude, July 1909.Google Scholar
“String Quartet to Feature Musical Society's Program.” Seattle Times, 15 February 1925.Google Scholar
“Success of the Davenport-Engberg Symphony Orchestra.” Musical Observer, March 1913.Google Scholar
“Symphony Orchestra Formed: Will Give Winter Concerts.” Seattle Times, 7 October 1923.Google Scholar
“Symphony Orchestra Will Give Concert Tonight.” Bellingham Herald, 4 December 1914.Google Scholar
“Talented Musician Is in Charge of Plans for Mt. Baker Concert.” American Reveille (Bellingham, Wash.), 28 April 1912.Google Scholar
“Tito Schipa to Be Guest at Reception.” Clipping from albums made by Mary Davenport Engberg and owned by Patricia Engberg, Enumclaw, Wash., source and date unknown.Google Scholar
“Tonight's Concert.” Announcement of the premiere performance of the Davenport Engberg Orchestra. Bellingham Herald, 3 May 1912.Google Scholar
“Uses Violin Made in 1637: Mrs. Engberg Plays Instrument of Fabulous Value.” Bellingham Herald, 8 February 1906.Google Scholar
Whisenhunt, Donald W. “This Week in History: Engberg Leads Symphony.” Bellingham Herald, 2 December 2001.Google Scholar
Whitney, Marci. “Seattle Women's Pursuits Varied.” News Tribune (Tacoma, Wash.), 15 August 1976.Google Scholar
Winn, Steven. “Seattle's—and the World's—First Woman Conductor.” Argus (Seattle), 19 December 1975.Google Scholar
Bellingham Women's Music Club Administrative Records. Minute Book 1917–19. Collection of the Center for Pacific Northwest Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Cornwall, John Hardin. “Historical Sketch of the Family of Rev. J. A. Cornwall in Arkansas and on the Plains to Oregon.” Handwritten, 1900. Collection of Margaret Price, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Dziekonski, Gregory. Letter to the author. 11 June 2010.Google Scholar
Engberg, A.Familien Engbergs Stamtavle. Engberg Family Genealogy. Copenhagen: J. A. Hansens Bogtrykkeri, 1927. Collection of Patricia Engberg, Enumclaw, Wash.Google Scholar
“Engberg, Davenport (Mary Laura Cornwall).” Who's Who in Washington State. Vol. 1. Seattle: Arthur H. Allen, 1927.Google Scholar
Engberg, Mary Davenport. “Davenport Engberg School of Violin.” Advertising pamphlet. Seattle, n.d. Collection held by Margaret Price, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Engberg, Mary Davenport. Letter to Albert Bensen. 5 June 1928. Unprocessed archives of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Engberg, Mary Davenport. Letter to Caroline and Laura Engberg. 26 January 1918. Collection held by Margaret Price, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Engberg, Patricia. Interview with the author. 13 October 2007.Google Scholar
Engberg, Paul. Interview with Galen Biery. 8 December 1965. Cassette recording. Center for Pacific Northwest Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Faculty List of the Washington State Normal School. Klipsum. Yearbook. 1915–16. Western Washington University Libraries Special Collections, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Federal Census Records, 1880, Spokane, Wash. http://www.ancestrylibrary.com. Bellingham Public Library, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Harrison, Mrs. Joseph B. “The Ladies Musical Club: Its Civic Function.” From the commemorative program of the Golden Anniversary of Artists Concerts 1900–50, 17, 21. Seattle: Ladies Musical Club, 1950.Google Scholar
Marriage license. Henry Christian Engberg and Mamie Laurie Davenport. Date of License, 7 August 1899. Fairhaven, Wash. Washington State Archives, Northwest Branch, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Minutes of the Local 76 board meetings, 23 March 1921 through 28 September 1926. Offices of the Musicians’ Association of Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Price, Margaret. Interview with the author. 10 January 2008.Google Scholar
Program of the Davenport Engberg School of Music. “Artist Students in Concert.” Mme. Davenport Engberg, conductor. Metropolitan Theatre, Seattle, 28 October (no year). Unprocessed archives of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra.Google Scholar
Program of the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra. Mme. Davenport-Engberg, conductor. Metropolitan Theatre, Seattle, 25 November 1923.Google Scholar
Ammer, Christine. Unsung: A History of Women in American Music. Portland: Amadeus Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Andrews, Mildred. Seattle Women: A Legacy of Community Development. Seattle: YWCA, 1984.Google Scholar
Blair, Karen J. “The Seattle Ladies Musical Club, 1890–1930.” In Experiences in a Promised Land: Essays in Pacific Northwest History, ed. Edwards, G. Thomas and Schwantes, Carlos A., 124–38. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Block, Adrienne Fried. “Women in American Music, 1800–1918.” In Women & Music: A History, 2nd ed., ed. Pendle, Karin, 193–223. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Bowers, Jane, and Tick, Judith, eds. Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewster, David, and Buerge, David M., eds. Washingtonians: A Biographical Portrait of the State. Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 1988.Google Scholar
Campbell, Esther W.Bagpipes in the Woodwind Section: A History of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra and Its Women's Association. Seattle: Seattle Symphony Women's Association, 1978.Google Scholar
Cornish, Nellie. Miss Aunt Nellie: The Autobiography of Nellie C. Cornish. Van Volkenberg Browne, Ellen and Nordhoff Beck, Edward, eds. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1964.Google Scholar
Dennis, Mae E., et al. Pioneers of the Columbia. Colville, Wash: Greenwood Park Grange, 1965.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. Michele. “North America since 1920.” In Women & Music: A History, 2nd ed., ed. Pendle, Karin, 314–85. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. Michele. “Women on the Podium.” In The Cambridge Companion to Conducting, ed. Bowen, José Antonio, 220–36. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenwald, Maurine Weiner. “Working-Class Feminism and the Family Wage Ideal: The Seattle Debate on Married Women's Right to Work 1914–1920.” In Women in Pacific Northwest History, rev. ed., ed. Blair, Karen J., 94–134. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Haarsager, Sandra. Organized Womanhood: Cultural Politics in the Pacific Northwest, 1840–1920. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Macleod, Beth Abelson. “‘Whence Comes the Lady Tympanist?’ Gender and Instrumental Musicians in America, 1853–1990.” Journal of Social History 27/2 (Winter 1993): 291–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neuls-Bates, Carol, ed. Women in Music: An Anthology of Source Readings from the Middle Ages to the Present. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Neuls-Bates, Carol. “Women's Orchestras in the United States, 1925–1945.” In Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950, ed. Bowers, Jane and Tick, Judith, 349–69. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Pieroth, Doris H. “Bertha Knight Landes: The Woman Who Was Mayor.” In Women in Pacific Northwest History, rev. ed., ed. Blair, Karen J., 135–57. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001.Google Scholar
Lottie Roeder, Roth, ed. History of Whatcom County. 2 vols. Seattle: Pioneer Historical Publishing Company, 1926.Google Scholar
Shaffer, Karen A., and Neva Garner, Greenwood. Maud Powell: Pioneer American Violinist. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Sheppard, Edward, and Emily, Johnson. “Forty Years of Symphony in Seattle, 1903–1943.” Pacific Northwest Quarterly 35/1 (January 1944): 19–28.Google Scholar
Starbuck, Susan. Hazel Wolf: Fighting the Establishment. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Tick, Judith. “Passed Away Is the Piano Girl.” In Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950, ed. Bowers, Jane and Tick, Judith, 325–48. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tick, Judith. “Women as Professional Musicians in the United States, 1870–1900.” Anuario Interamericano de Investigación Musical 9 (1973): 95–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“1914: Renowned Violinist Conducts in Bellingham.” Bellingham Herald, 4 March 1999.Google Scholar
“Anita Lipp Scores in Debut Recital.” New York Times, 3 April 1948.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Everhardt. “Music and Musicians.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 24 April 1921.Google Scholar
Bargreen, Melinda. “In the Conducting World, Where Are All the ‘Chicks with Sticks’?” Seattle Times, 23 May 2010.Google Scholar
“Children's Concert Today: Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra Will Present Program at the Arena.” Seattle Times, 16 March 1924.Google Scholar
“Civic Orchestra Heard in Concert.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 25 April 1921.Google Scholar
Concert Review of Davenport Engberg Orchestra, 15 November 1912. Musical Observer 7/1, January 1913.Google Scholar
Constans, Emma Backus. “Frontier Cosmopolite.” Argus (Seattle), 9 January 1976.Google Scholar
“Continued Success of Mme. Davenport-Engberg.” Musical Observer, March 1914.Google Scholar
Davenport-Engberg, Mary. “How to Start a Local Symphony Orchestra.” Etude, May 1917.Google Scholar
Display Advertisements. Announcement of Mme. Davenport Engberg recital. New York Times, 25 November 1904.Google Scholar
“Engberg-Higginson Concert.” Bellingham Herald, 1 October 1908.Google Scholar
“Enjoyable to All: Mrs. Engberg Program Contains Most Difficult Numbers.” Bellingham Herald, 8 February 1906.Google Scholar
“Famous Numbers in Concert Program.” Bellingham Herald, 30 April 1912.Google Scholar
“Funeral Rites Are Held for Henry Engberg.” Obituary. Seattle Times, 12 December 1942.Google Scholar
“‘Go West, Young Musician!’ Maud Powell Advises.” Musical America, 29 March 1913.Google Scholar
“Grand Opera by Seattle: Civic Group Opens Ninth Season of Productions in English.” Newsweek, 23 December 1940.Google Scholar
“Her Repertoire without Limit: Mrs. Engberg Masters Most Difficult Violin Numbers.” Bellingham Herald, 7 February 1906.Google Scholar
“Huge Crowd Is Entranced by Music.” Bellingham Herald, 4 May 1912.Google Scholar
“Leader of the Band: Bellingham Conductor Made History.” Bellingham Herald, 15 March 2001.Google Scholar
“Local News.” Seattle Times, 24 April 2008.Google Scholar
“Lyric Society Will Present Spring Event.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 14 April 1935.Google Scholar
“Many Entertain at Opera Performance.” Clipping from albums made by Mary Davenport Engberg and owned by Patricia Engberg, Enumclaw, Wash., source and date unknown.Google Scholar
“Mary Davenport-Engberg, Music Conductor.” Bellingham Herald, 25 March 1990.Google Scholar
“Maud Powell to Appear with Orchestra Tonight.” Bellingham Herald, 24 January 1913.Google Scholar
“Mme. Davenport-Engberg, Only Woman Leader of Symphony Orchestra.” Musical Observer, February 1924.Google Scholar
“Mme. Davenport Engberg's Recital.” New York Times, 20 November 1904.Google Scholar
“Mme. Engberg Presents Artist Student.” Music and Musicians, April 1937.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Davenport-Engberg.” Bellingham Herald, 20 January 1906.Google Scholar
“Mme. Engberg Plays Violin.” New York Press. November 26, 1904.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Engberg, Musician and Teacher, Dies.” Obituary. Seattle Times, 24 January 1951.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Engberg to Entertain Opera Star.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 16 December 1947.Google Scholar
“Mrs. Engberg Will Appear on Normal Lecture Course.” Bellingham Herald, 3 November 1906.Google Scholar
“Music Lovers Offered a Rare Treat.” Bellingham Herald, 2 May 1912.Google Scholar
“Musician and Playgoer.” Town Crier (Seattle), 13 November 1926.Google Scholar
“News and Comment of the Current Week in Music.” Entry reporting Emily Bentley Dow winning the National Federation of Music Clubs Contest. New York Times, 1 May 1927.Google Scholar
“News and Comment of the Current Week in Music.” Notice of possible re–forming of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra. New York Times, 31 August 1924.Google Scholar
“Opera and Concert Programs of the Week.” Announcement of Anita Lipp recital. New York Times, 12 November 1950.Google Scholar
“Orchestra Gets Praise from Violinist.” Bellingham Herald, 25 January 1913.Google Scholar
“Orchestra to Open Season November 4.” Seattle Times, 28 October 1923.Google Scholar
“Orchestra to Play ‘Pathetique’ Next.” Seattle Times, 23 December 1923.Google Scholar
“Poet Pays Tribute to Great Musician.” Bellingham Herald, 9 February 1906.Google Scholar
“Profile: Mary ‘Madame’ Davenport-Engberg.” Bellingham Herald, Women's History Month Celebration. 29 March 1998.Google Scholar
“Pupils Appear with Orchestra.” Seattle Times, 17 February 1924.Google Scholar
“Seattle's Women, through the Untiring Efforts of Nellie Cornish, Save City's Symphony Orchestra from Disbandonment [sic].” Musical Courier, 11 November 1920.Google Scholar
Smith, Fanny Morris. “The Work of Our Women's Musical Clubs.” Etude, July 1909.Google Scholar
“String Quartet to Feature Musical Society's Program.” Seattle Times, 15 February 1925.Google Scholar
“Success of the Davenport-Engberg Symphony Orchestra.” Musical Observer, March 1913.Google Scholar
“Symphony Orchestra Formed: Will Give Winter Concerts.” Seattle Times, 7 October 1923.Google Scholar
“Symphony Orchestra Will Give Concert Tonight.” Bellingham Herald, 4 December 1914.Google Scholar
“Talented Musician Is in Charge of Plans for Mt. Baker Concert.” American Reveille (Bellingham, Wash.), 28 April 1912.Google Scholar
“Tito Schipa to Be Guest at Reception.” Clipping from albums made by Mary Davenport Engberg and owned by Patricia Engberg, Enumclaw, Wash., source and date unknown.Google Scholar
“Tonight's Concert.” Announcement of the premiere performance of the Davenport Engberg Orchestra. Bellingham Herald, 3 May 1912.Google Scholar
“Uses Violin Made in 1637: Mrs. Engberg Plays Instrument of Fabulous Value.” Bellingham Herald, 8 February 1906.Google Scholar
Whisenhunt, Donald W. “This Week in History: Engberg Leads Symphony.” Bellingham Herald, 2 December 2001.Google Scholar
Whitney, Marci. “Seattle Women's Pursuits Varied.” News Tribune (Tacoma, Wash.), 15 August 1976.Google Scholar
Winn, Steven. “Seattle's—and the World's—First Woman Conductor.” Argus (Seattle), 19 December 1975.Google Scholar
Bellingham Women's Music Club Administrative Records. Minute Book 1917–19. Collection of the Center for Pacific Northwest Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Cornwall, John Hardin. “Historical Sketch of the Family of Rev. J. A. Cornwall in Arkansas and on the Plains to Oregon.” Handwritten, 1900. Collection of Margaret Price, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Dziekonski, Gregory. Letter to the author. 11 June 2010.Google Scholar
Engberg, A.Familien Engbergs Stamtavle. Engberg Family Genealogy. Copenhagen: J. A. Hansens Bogtrykkeri, 1927. Collection of Patricia Engberg, Enumclaw, Wash.Google Scholar
“Engberg, Davenport (Mary Laura Cornwall).” Who's Who in Washington State. Vol. 1. Seattle: Arthur H. Allen, 1927.Google Scholar
Engberg, Mary Davenport. “Davenport Engberg School of Violin.” Advertising pamphlet. Seattle, n.d. Collection held by Margaret Price, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Engberg, Mary Davenport. Letter to Albert Bensen. 5 June 1928. Unprocessed archives of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Engberg, Mary Davenport. Letter to Caroline and Laura Engberg. 26 January 1918. Collection held by Margaret Price, Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Engberg, Patricia. Interview with the author. 13 October 2007.Google Scholar
Engberg, Paul. Interview with Galen Biery. 8 December 1965. Cassette recording. Center for Pacific Northwest Studies, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Faculty List of the Washington State Normal School. Klipsum. Yearbook. 1915–16. Western Washington University Libraries Special Collections, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Federal Census Records, 1880, Spokane, Wash. http://www.ancestrylibrary.com. Bellingham Public Library, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Harrison, Mrs. Joseph B. “The Ladies Musical Club: Its Civic Function.” From the commemorative program of the Golden Anniversary of Artists Concerts 1900–50, 17, 21. Seattle: Ladies Musical Club, 1950.Google Scholar
Marriage license. Henry Christian Engberg and Mamie Laurie Davenport. Date of License, 7 August 1899. Fairhaven, Wash. Washington State Archives, Northwest Branch, Bellingham, Wash.Google Scholar
Minutes of the Local 76 board meetings, 23 March 1921 through 28 September 1926. Offices of the Musicians’ Association of Seattle, Wash.Google Scholar
Price, Margaret. Interview with the author. 10 January 2008.Google Scholar
Program of the Davenport Engberg School of Music. “Artist Students in Concert.” Mme. Davenport Engberg, conductor. Metropolitan Theatre, Seattle, 28 October (no year). Unprocessed archives of the Seattle Symphony Orchestra.Google Scholar
Program of the Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra. Mme. Davenport-Engberg, conductor. Metropolitan Theatre, Seattle, 25 November 1923.Google Scholar