¹ Collins, Karen, From Pac-Man to Pop Music (New York: Routledge, 2016)Google Scholar; Collins, Karen, Game Sound: An Introduction to the History, Theory, and Practice of Video Game Music and Sound Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008)Google Scholar; Collins, Karen, Playing with Sound: A Theory of Interacting with Sound and Music in Video Games (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013)Google Scholar.

² Chiptune artists use vintage hardware, or software mimicking certain classic consoles or sound cards in order to create new music without the technical constraints related to developing music specifically for use in a game.

³ Despite some of these limitations, both the film and the book have elements that may change with additional funding, allowing the team to edit and release more content, manage extra materials on the website, and improve functionality of the existing eBook and film.

⁴ E3 began in 1995, and the first GDC was in 1988, though both events took at least a decade to become as large, established, and influential as they are today.

⁵ Several early games used pseudonyms in the credits, and so these interviews can serve as confirmation for the identities of those members of the team.