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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
The dynasty of North Pañcāla, which sprang from one of the sons of Ajamīḍha, who reigned at Hastināpura, a successor of Bharata, king of the Paurava line, is of great importance, because not a few of its kings play an important part in the hymns of the Rigveda. Its genealogy is given by eight Puranas, the Vāyu, Matsya, Harivaṁśa, Brahma, Viṣṇu, Agni, Garuḍa, and Bhāgavata. The first four are based on a common original, but now form two versions. The Vāyu and Matsya generally agree, though with variations, the former having the older text. The Harivaṁśa and Brahma largely agree, the former having the better text, while the latter is generally incomplete. These four give the oldest account of the genealogy. The other four have recast the account and are later, the Viṣṇu's version being in prose.
page 229 note 1 JRAS. 1914, pp. 283–4.Google Scholar
page 229 note 2 Vāyu, 99, 194–211Google Scholar; Matsya, 50, 1–16Google Scholar. The Brahmāṇḍa has lost it in a large lacuna.
page 229 note 3 Hariv. 32, 1777–1794Google Scholar; Brahma, 13, 93–101Google Scholar, most copies omitting lines 17–20 in this collated account.
page 229 note 4 Viṣṇu, iv, 19, 15–18Google Scholar; Agni, 277, 18–25Google Scholar; Garuḍa, i, 140, 17–24Google Scholar; Bhāgav, . ix, 21, 30–22, 3.Google Scholar
page 229 note 5 Matsya calls him Pṛthu.
page 230 note 1 Vāyu, tatas tu.Google Scholar
page 230 note 2 Matsya calls him Pṛthu.
page 230 note 3 The correct form of Bhadrāśva and Bāhyaśva is Bhṛmyaśva (see p. 233 infra).
page 230 note 4 Vāyu, Bhedāc ca.Google Scholar
page 230 note 5 Matsya, tanayāñ chṛṇu.Google Scholar
page 230 note 6 Most Brahma MSS. sphītā janapadā vṛtāḥ.
page 230 note 7 Vāyu, SṛñjayaśGoogle Scholar: Matsya, ca Jayaś.Google Scholar
page 230 note 8 Matsya, Javīnaraś caGoogle Scholar. Vāyu, yavīyāṁś câpi.Google Scholar
page 230 note 9 Matsya, Kapilaś caivaGoogle Scholar. Hariv., Brahma, Kṛmilāśvaś ca.Google Scholar
page 230 note 10 Matsya omits this line.
page 230 note 11 Matsya, caiva Pañcālān.Google Scholar
page 230 note 12 Brahma, te tu Pañcālāḥ.Google Scholar
page 230 note 13 Matsya, etāñ janapadān viduḥ.Google Scholar
page 230 note 14 Hariv. sphītair janapadair vṛtān.
page 230 note 15 Matsya reads instead—
Pañcāla-rakṣiṇo hy ete deśānām iti naḥ śrutam.
page 230 note 16 Brahma omits this line.
page 230 note 17 Vāyu, Kaṇṭha.Google Scholar
page 230 note 18 Hariv. Maudgalyasya.
page 230 note 19 Matsya, jajñe.Google Scholar
page 230 note 20 Hariv. brahmarṣiḥ.Google Scholar
page 230 note 21 So 2 Vāyu MSS. Vāyu generally calls him Badhyaśva; Hariv. Vadhrasva; Brahma Vadhrya. Matsya reads this line wrongly, thus—
Indrasenaḥ sutas tasya Vindhyāśvas (or Van°) tasya câtmajaḥ.
page 230 note 22 Vāyu, Menakā iti naḥ.Google Scholar
page 230 note 23 Brahma omits this line.
page 231 note 1 Most copies of the Brahma omit this and the next three lines.
page 231 note 2 Hariv. and Brahma brahmarṣir. Matsya dharmiṣṭho.
page 231 note 3 So Vāyu. Brahma equivalently Mitrayos tu. Hariv. turns tu into nu and reads wrongly Maitrāyaṇo. Matsya further corrupts tataḥ and reads Maitrāyaṇāvaraḥ.
page 231 note 4 So Hariv. and Brahma. Matsya so 'tha. Vāyu jajñe.
page 231 note 5 Matsya reads singulars. The Vāyu text here, smṛtā ete 'pi saṁśritāḥ, is a clerical blunder, omitting the first three words of this pāda and adding the first three of the next line.
page 231 note 6 Hariv. vai: with which reading the Matsya has corrupted this pāda to ete vaṁāyā yateḥ pakṣāḥ.
page 231 note 7 Matsya reads instead—rājā Caidyavaro (or Vaidy°) nāma Maitreyasya sutaḥ smṁtaḥ which may be right except in the name Vaidyavara and its corruption Caidyavara. Rājā Vaidyavaro is no doubt a misreading of rājā vai Cyavano, so agreeing with the Vāyu. The Vāyu text might be read rājā Picyavano, which at once suggests rājā Pijavano. See p. 236 infra.
page 231 note 8 Similarly Matsya corrupts this to Caidyavarād vidvān. See p. 232.
page 231 note 9 The Matsya by a copyist's blunder has run this line and the next into one, by omitting from samapadyata to Somakas, but it had the full text, because it agrees with the Vāyu in the following lines about Somaka.
page 231 note 10 Hariv. Ajamīḍhāt punar. Brahma Ajamīḍha-suto.
page 232 note 1 Matsya Somakās te and Somakasya.
page 232 note 2 Matsya omits this line.
page 232 note 3 Matsya and Brahma omit this line.
page 233 note 1 It closes this dynasty with saying these Pañcālas were Bhārmyas (ix, 22, 3).
page 233 note 2 Macdonell & Keith, Vedic Index i, 15, 144.
page 233 note 3 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, ii, 4, 4, 4Google Scholar. Vedic Index ii, 456.
page 235 note 1 There is a large gap between Jantu and Pṛṣata; see JRAS. 1910, pp. 28, 51.Google Scholar
page 235 note 2 I have considered the hymn and pointed out these particulars, JRAS. 1910, p. 1328Google Scholar. Mudgala and Indrasenā were ordinary names.
page 236 note 1 I have to thank Professor Macdonell for this rendering, which, followg Sāyaṇa's interpretation.
page 236 note 2 So Griffith translates it.
page 237 note 1 Aitar. Brāhmaṇa, vii, 34Google Scholar; viii, 21. Śāṅkhāyana Śr. Sūtra xvi, 11, 14. Vedic Index ii, 24.
page 237 note 2 Also Aitar. Brāhmaṇa, vii, 34.Google Scholar
page 237 note 3 Vedic Index ii, 479.
page 237 note 4 e g. i, 138, 5476: vi, 16, 631; 89, 3889.
page 237 note 5 Vedic Index ii, 456.
page 237 note 6 Sāhadevi Somaka, MBh, iii, 125, 10422.Google Scholar
page 238 note 1 Sanskrit Texts i, 120.
page 238 note 2 See JRAS. 1914, p. 284.Google Scholar
page 238 note 3 Rigv. iii, 53, 12, 24Google Scholar; vi, 16, 19. Vedic Index i, 363; ii, 95.
page 238 note 4 Rigv. iii, 23, 2Google Scholar. The Vedic Index i, 377 says he was a prince.
page 238 note 5 The Viṣṇu, (iv, 19, 15)Google Scholar says—pañcānām eteṣāṁ viṣayāṇāṁ rakṣaṇāyâlam ete mat-putrāḥ iti pitrâbhihitāḥ atas te Pāñcālāḥ. The Bhāgavata (ix, 21, 32–3) gives it thus—
Bharmyāśvaḥ prāha putrā me pañcānāṁ rakṣaṇāya hi
viṣayāṇām alam ime iti Pañcāla-sañjñitāḥ.
page 238 note 6 Compare the names Christian, Whig, Tory, Prime Minister, etc.
page 239 note 1 JRAS. 1910, pp. 26, 28Google Scholar; 1914, p. 284.
page 239 note 2 MBh. i, 94, 3737Google Scholar: ii, 44, 1601: iii, 5, 249: iv, 65, 2091: v, 81, 2892.
page 239 note 3 i, 129, 5; 130, 7: vii, 18, 13; 19, 3: and so vii, 8, 4. Vedic Index ii, 11–12.
page 239 note 4 Vedic Index ii, 94–5.
page 239 note 5 So also Viṣṇu, iv, 19, 16Google Scholar—Mudgalāc ca Maudgalyāḥ kṣatropetā dvijātayo babhūvuḥ; and even the brahmanical Bhāgavata says (ix, 21, 33)—
Mudgalād brahma nirvṛttaṁ gotram Maudgalya-sañjñitam.
page 240 note 1 Vāyu, 88, 7Google Scholar; 91, 115–18; 99, 161, 164. Brahmāṇḍa, iii, 63, 7Google Scholar; 66, 86–9. Matsya, 49, 38, 41Google Scholar. Viṣṇu, iv, 2, 2; 19, 9.Google Scholar
page 240 note 2 Vāyu, 99, 278Google Scholar; 57, 121. Matsya, 50, 88.Google Scholar
page 240 note 3 Bhāgavata, ix, 16, 37.Google Scholar
page 241 note 1 Brahmāṇḍa, iii, 1, 99Google Scholar. Vāyu, 65, 96.Google Scholar
page 241 note 2 Brahmāṇḍa, iii, 1, 113Google Scholar. Vāyu, 65, 108.Google Scholar
page 241 note 3 Vāyu, 99, 130–1, 169–70Google Scholar. Matsya, 49, 46–7Google Scholar. Hariv. 32, 1718Google Scholar. Bhāgav, . ix, 20, 6–7.Google Scholar
page 241 note 4 Matsya, 196, 21, 41–2, 44, 54Google Scholar. Brahmāṇḍa, iii, 1, 111Google Scholar. Vāyu, 65, 106–7.Google Scholar
page 241 note 5 Vāyu, 99, 138–40, 151–7Google Scholar. Matsya, 49, 26–34Google Scholar. Hariv. 32, 1726–31Google Scholar. Viṣṇu, iv, 19, 5, 8Google Scholar. Vedārthadīpikā on Rigv. vi, 52.Google Scholar
page 241 note 6 Matsya, 195, 42.Google Scholar
page 241 note 7 Matsya, 195, 40Google Scholar. Brahmāṇḍa, iii, 1, 100Google Scholar, where the Vāyu in its corresponding passage (65, 96) misreads gotreṇa for Mitreyuḥ.
page 242 note 1 MBh. iii, 129, 10527Google Scholar; vii, 65, 2384–7; xii, 29, 940.
page 242 note 2 Rigveda, vii, 33, 5; 76, 6.Google Scholar
page 243 note 1 See JRAS. 1910, pp. 27, 40Google Scholar: 1914, p. 281.
page 243 note 2 Vedic Index i, 377.
page 245 note 1 This is notorious, see ProfessorMacdonell, , Sanskrit Literature, pp. 10–11Google Scholar; and ProfessorKeith, , JRAS. 1914, p. 739Google Scholar: and I have repeatedly drawn attention to it; JRAS. 1913, pp. 901–4Google Scholar; 1914, pp. 412, 742–3; 1915, p. 143 note; 1917, pp. 43 (bis), 57, 64.
page 245 note 2 JRAS. 1910, pp. 48–51; 1914, pp. 284, 288.Google Scholar
page 245 note 3 Rigv. vii, 18 and 33; and also 19.Google Scholar
page 245 note 4 See the Vedic Index under these names.
page 246 note 1 Rigv. vii, 33, 3.Google Scholar
page 246 note 2 The Sahadeva mentioned in Rigv. i, 100, 17Google Scholar, appears to be a different person. Sahadeva was a, very common name. But, even if he was the same, the hymn is not in praise of him as king.
page 247 note 1 MBh. i, 94, 3725–39.Google Scholar
page 247 note 2 “A thousand years,” with common exaggeration.
page 247 note 3 See also next note, and Viṣṇu, iv, 19, 18Google Scholar; Bhāgav, . ix, 22, 4.Google Scholar
page 247 note 4 Kurujāṅgala was the country east of Kurukṣetra.
page 247 note 4 Vāyu, 99, 215Google Scholar. Matsya, 50, 20Google Scholar. Brahma, 13, 106Google Scholar. Hariv, . 32, 1800.Google Scholar
page 248 note 1 MBh. iii, 125, 10422; 127, 10470–128, 10499.Google Scholar